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Catti英语三级语法点

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Catti三级语法点

一 虚拟语气: 时间 将来 从句谓语形式 动词过去式(be用were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 现在 过去

动词过去式(be 用 were) had +动词过去分词 主句谓语形式 would / should / might / could + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形would / should / might / could have + 动词① 倒装:当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时,if 可省略,而将 were, should,

had等词置于句首。在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中,只能用 were。如: Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了

② 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word

等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:

may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如:

We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。

③ 1 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order//decide/

sth that +(should)+do

④ It is high(about) time+did sth

⑤ For fear/in case/ lest + should do 以防。。 ⑥ (?)

非谓语动词 ① 前后主语一致 ②主动被动 doing/having doing(过去) done/having dong(过去)② 非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词之前,用have done ③做宾语补语,注意主被动关系,被动有 done,eg:keep sb doing/done

非谓语动词做状语

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有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构,或某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词,作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。常见的有lost(如例句6), seated, hidden, lost in, dressed in, faced with, absorbed in, surprised, disappointed, exhausted, frightened, satisfied(如例句7), tired

Eg 6. She sat by the window alone, lost in thought.

7. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 三

反义疑问句

1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?

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3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。

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陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。

Eg—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗? —Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。

4) I thin/belive/suppose/cosider引导的,后面反问的是从句谓语,不是I

四 定语从句 1 性

非性,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句 不可用that引导

非性,关系代词只能用who,不能用that

2 先行词后面的关系词 关系代词(在从句中做主谓宾) that (人,先行词被all, little, none, nothing, everything, every, the only,序数词和最高级修饰时)which (物) 【that which在不是括号中的情况时可以替换】who whom whose

关系副词 (在从句中做状语)why where when(=介词+which)时间的后置定语有时没有关系副词 3关系词的省略

只限于性定语从句中,

① 当关系代词who,whom,which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,

可以省略.如:

Is there anything (which) you wanted?想要什么东西吗? ② 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略.如:

China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了.(that作表语) ③ 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时,可以省略.如:

I’m not the madman (that) you thought me.我并不是你所认为的那个疯子

④ 用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于day,year,time,the

moment等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that).如:

I’ll never forget the day (that) we met.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天.

⑤ 用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于

place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that).如: This is the place (where) they met yesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方. ⑥ 关系副词why的省略

关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,均可省略.如:

That’s the reason (why,for which,that) he came.这就是他来的原因.

4 than引导的定语从句

than作关系代词时,代表它前面的先行词。

Eg He got more money than was wanted.他得到了更多的钱。

Than引导的比较状语从句,可以倒装

Eg City dweller have a higher death rate than country people do.

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=City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people.

集合名词有的可数,有的不可数. People 这类表示复数的集合名词,用many修饰;表示单数的用much修饰。

六 太…以至于 so+adj+that/ such+名词+that

七although更正式 though

八 定于从句 doing表示主动 done表示被动

九 就近原则 (并列) either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also\" ; 等.e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行为或言谈都与我无关. 就远原则 (有主次) as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from

E.G:He rather than I is right.

十 宾语从句的语序为陈述句,特殊疑问句主谓语不倒装

Eg I don’t know who they are. The told me what the park looks like.

十一 比较句省略

Than that/those of 。。。

十二 regret/forget + to do表示将要做的事情/doing表示做过的事情,而当后面名词发生在过去(forget/regret)之前时,用having done

十三 have been to去过 have gone to去了

十四 it was not long before A 过去完成时 when B过去时, B刚发生A就… Hardly/ scacely A 倒装 过去完成时 when B过去时 刚 就。。。 No sooner than 同上

十五 it is adj + to do 动作发出者是我,不是对象,所以不用被动 Love is hard to play, people is hard to please

十六 it is not until that (强调句)

十七nor neither so引导句子, 表示前面所述的情况也适合于后面一个人或事物,主谓倒装,例

如so do I;表示否定有两种 Neither do i=I don’t either; so do I= I did too。如果只是表示

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重复前面的意思,不倒装。

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十八1 while 第一可做连词引导时间从句=when 二 是并列连词,表示而,前后两句结构(动词形势)要一致;

十九 名词+形容词+介词短语,做后置修饰定语 例如 eye full of tears, book hard to read, panda native to China

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