一、 介词的分类 分类 简单介词 合成介词 短语介词 双重介词 分词介词 兼类介词 例词 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, 即一个介词 below, beyond, during, in, on等等。 由两个介词构成的合成词 into, onto, throughout, upon, within according to, because of, instead of, up to, due 由短语构成 to, owing to, thanks to等等。 from among, from behind, from under, till after, 由两个介词搭配而成 in between等等。 considering(就……而论), including,regarding,由现在分词转化而来 concerning等。 由形容词直接转化而来 like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。 特点 二、 介词短语的语法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、
物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 介词短语的功能 例 句 They didn’t find the solution to the problem. 作定语 We have breakfast at seven.(表时间) They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因) 作状语 What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法) Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件) When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home. 作表语 I found the old building in a bad condition. 作宾语补足语 三.、表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别
表示的概念 介词 区 别 例 子 (短语) in at在一个时间点上;in在一段时间之内;①at 8 o'clock, at noon②in the 1990s, in on on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚January③on Monday, on a warm morning at 上。 ①We have not seen each other since since since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完1995.②I hope to do morning exercises from 成时连用;from指从时间的某一点开始。 from today. in指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,in, 也可以指一段时间之内=within;after表①We’ll be back in three days.②After after 示某一具体时间点之后,用于一般过去seven the rain began to fall. 时。 in the in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,单①In the end they reached a place of end 独作句子成分,后不接介词of;at the end safety.②At the end of the road stands a at the of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽beautiful garden.③They decided to have end of 头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。an English evening at the end of this by the 不可单独使用;by the end of 作week.④By the end of last month he had 1
时间 end of 位置 除了 ①You are to sit between your father and me.②He is always happy among his classmates. ①Agreements were made between 注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调the different countries.②The little 的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事valley lies between 物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别high mountains.③They don’t know the 时,要用between。 difference between wheat, rice and coin. in ①Changchun is in the northeast of in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;on China.②Mongolia is on the north of to指在某范围之外。 to China.③Japan is to the east of China. ①There is a book on the piece of on on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示paper. ②There is an interesting in 占去某物一部分。 article in thenewspaper.③ He dug a hole in the wall. in in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,①We walked in the park.②We walked into into 不表示目的地或位置。 the park. through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;through ①Water flows through the pipe.②The old across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上across man walked across the street. 的通过,与on有关。 in the in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的corneron ①The lamp stands in the corner of the 内面;on the corner表示“在角上”,the room.②I met with him at the street on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外cornerat corner.③He sat on the corner of the 兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角the table. 处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。 corner besides指“除了……还有;except指besides “除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。but ①All went out except me.②I never saw except 与except意思近似,表示“除了…..外”him reading anything but the but 经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, newspaper.③His diary is good except for except everything等和其他疑问词后面。except a few spelling mistakes. for for表示“除...外,撇开”。 at dinner/table 在吃饭 at work 在工作 at war 交战at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at+名词 at play 在玩耍 at rest 在休息 at school 在上学 at press 正在排印at church 在做礼拜 beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 无法控制 beyond+beyond compare 无可比拟 名词 beyond description难以形容 beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑 in+名词in the army 在当兵 或in+名in need of 需要 词+of+名in action 在运转 词 in progress 在进行 betweenamong 2
“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。 一般说来,between表示两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上之间。 finished the novel. 动作 on+名词 under+名词 其他 in operation 在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight 看得见 in store 贮藏着 in course of construction正在兴建当中 in (good) repair 维修良好的 in course of shipment 定的货正在运输途中 in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负责 in possession of拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有 on business 办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假 on watch 值班 on duty 值勤/日on guard 在值勤 on strike 在罢工 on sale 出售 on loan 借贷 on the move 在移动,搬迁,离开 on the march 在行军 on the air 在广播 on fire 在燃烧 on trial在试用 on show/display/exhibition 在展出 under control 在被控制之中 under discussion 在被讨论中 under development 在被发展中 under observation 在被观察中 under test 在被测试 under construction 在被建设中 under fire 在炮火中 under examination 在被检查/调查中 under consideration 在被考虑中 under repair 在被修理中 under arrest 被被逮捕中 under attack 在被袭击中 under medical treatment 在被治疗中 under study 在被研究中 against one’s opinion 反对某人的见解 for one’s opinion 同意某人的见解 above reproach 无可指责,无可非议 above suspicion 不受怀疑 above criticism 无可指责 at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……摆布 for sale 供出售 for rent 供出租 within sight 看得见
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