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一种稳健压制陆上三分量地震记录中面波的自适应极化分析方法

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APPLIED GEOPHYSICS,Vo1.10,No.3(September 2013),P_295-304,11 Figures DoI:1O.1O07/sl1770—013—0386—0 Robust adaptive polarization analysis method for eliminating ground roll in 3C land seismics★ Chen Hai・Feng’, ,Li Xiang-Yang’, ,。 , Qian Zhong—Ping ,and Zhao Gui-Ling Abstract:To improve the data quality of converted waves,and better identify and the strong ground—roll interference in three—component(3C)seismic recordings on present an adaptive polarization filtering method,which can effectively separate the rollinterference by combining complex polarization and instantaneous polarization analysis. The ground roll noise is characterized by eUiptical plane polarizationstrong energy,1ow ,叩parent velocity,and low frequency.Atier low-pass filtering of the 3C data input within a given time—window of the ground roll,the complex covariance matrix is decomposed using the sliding time window with overlapping data and length that depends on the dominant ground-roll frequency.The ground—roll modelis established using the main eigenvectors. and the ground roll is detected and identified using the instantaneous polarization area attributes and average energy constraints of the ground-r0U zone.Finally.the ground rol1 is subtracted.The threshold of the method is stable and easy to select.and offers good ground— roll detection.The method is a robust polarization filtering methodMode1 calculations and .actual data indicate that the method can effectively identify and attenuate ground roll while preserving the effective signals. Keywords:three—component(3C),adaptive,polarization ifltering,suppressing ground roll lntroduction the effective signal of the horizontal component in 3C recordings,which represents converted S—waves.The apparent velocity of the converted S.waves is far too Ground—roll noise interferes with converted waves lower than that of P—waves in the vertical component. in three—component f3 C)seismograms in 1and seismic exploration.Ground—roll characteristics include strong energy,low apparent velocity,and elliptical plane In addition,converted S.waves have low requency.and ftheir distribution and frequency band overlap with the ground-roll noise.Conventional ground.roll suppression polarization.Ground—roll noise is distributed in a triangular or fan—shaped zone near offsets;thereby, seriously affecting the quality of seismic data,especially, methods based on apparent velocity and frequency difference have certain limitations.For instance. regional filtering can be used for ground—roll suppression Manuscript received by the Editor March 27,20 1 3:revised manuscript received August 2020 1 3. .The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4 1 074080)and the Important National Science&Technology Speciifc Projects(No.201 1ZX05019.008). 1_State Key Laboratory ofPetroleum Resource and Prospecting,China Universiy tofPetroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China. 2.BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou,Hebei 07275 1。China. 3.CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 1 02249,China. 4.Edinburgh Anisotropy Project,British Geophysical Survey,Edinburgh,U.K. ◎20 1 3 APPLIED GEOPHYSICS.All rights reserved. 295 Adaptive polarization filtering on 3C land seismics according to the determined ground—roll distribution. whereas zone(zoning)filtering is high-pass filtering and thus certainly damages the components of the effective signals.Therefore,Bew ground.roll suppression methods for 3C seismograms are needed. Because of the better use of ground—roll characteristics, including polarization,etc.,polarization filtering based on 3C seismic wave polarization analysis is used in ground—roll attenuation.Polarization filtering was initially used in the separation 0f dif-ferent signals in natural and nuclear explosion earthquakes fShimshoni and Smith 1 964;White.1 964).Flinn(1 965)was the first to develop an algorithm for the numerical analysis of polarization. i…e the statistical method of variance matrix.Samson f 1 9771 defined the polarization coefifcient which has become the basis for designing various polarization ifltering factors.With the advancements in 3C.receiving technologies,polarization analysis gradually diversiifed to include the time and frequency domain(Benhama et a1.,1 988;Jurkevics,1 988;Shieh and Herrmann.1 990; Huang,et a1.,l 996;Chen,et a1.,2005),the maximum likelihood method(Christoffersson,et a1.,1 988).the singular value decomposition(SVD)method(Jackson et a1.,1991:Franco and Musacchio 20011 and the instantaneous polarization analysis fVidale.1 986;Rend et a1. 1 986;Stewart 1990;Morozov and Smithson, 1 996).These polarization analysis methods are mainly used to identify,separate,and enhance the signals; furthermore,they have been especially applied to and developed for regional seismic monitoring.However, ground—roll noise cannot be well separated by only depending on the variation in ellipticity(Tatham and MeCormack,1 99 1 1.Therefore,in general,the eff.ect of these methods on ground—roll suppression is not ideal ofr processing 3C seismic data.Many methods for ground. roll suppression in 3C seismograms have been developed in recent years.Dc Meersman and Kendall f20051 established the filtering factor and ca ̄ied out polarization ifltering of the low.frequency band through complex singular value decomposition(csVD)of traces.Jin and Ronen(20051 defined the elliptical polarization attribute of ground rol1.and ca ̄ied out automatic idemitication and suppression of ground roll based on SVD.Tiapkina (20081 improved the elliptical polarization attribute. and then investigated the effectiveness and limitations of polarization filtering in suppressing the ground roll in multicomponent recordings(Tiapkina 2009,20 1 0. 20 1l 1.His work indicated that there is an included angle between the polarization direction of significant waves and the vibration plane of ground roll,and that the polarization filtering method is more advantageous 296 than cOnventiOnal noise elimination methods when the rfequency spectrum of the ground roll is significantly different from that of the significant waves.In addition. Diallo,et a1.(2008)applied the polarization filtering method in the wavelet domain.and Lu et a1.(20 1 01 performed ground--roll suppression using two--component instantaneous polarization filtering. Based on the efforts of De Meersman and Kendall (2005),and Jin and Ronen(2005),we present a robust polarization filtering method for ground—rol1 suppression.To eliminate ground roll,we followed a ofur.step procedure for common shot gathers.First. we used the apparent velocity to define the ground—roll zone and calculate the 1nstantaneous average energy of the zone after low—pass filtering.Second,using a sliding time window with overlapping data and length that depends on the dominant ground—roll frequency over all 3C seismic data at the receiving station.we use CSVD to decompose the complex covariance matrix and the main eigenvectors to establish the ground—rol1 mode1.To improve computational e用ciency.we use the complex covariance matrix decomposition rather than the complex trace analysis.Third we constrained the ground.roll mode1 by using the ratio of the instantaneous elliptical area to the average energy;thus,achieving the purpose of automatically identifying the ground-roll interference.Based on the elliptical polarization concept proposed by Jin and Ronen(2005),we use instantaneous polarization analysis fMorozov and Smithson l 996)to obtain the elliptical polarization area.Finally,we use adaptive subtraction to eliminate the ground roll from the seismic data and thus attenuate most of the ground—roll energy.Practical application of this method shows that it is effective in ground.roll detection and attenuation as well as preserving the reflected energy. Theory heory and methodand method Ground.rOll suppression zone Ground—rol1 propagation only depends on the surface geology.In regions with the same surface geology,the apparent velocity of ground roll is typically invariable at about 10O-1000 m/s.Therefore.ground roll is present in a fan.shaped zone near offsets in single—shot records and,thus, we catl niitially define the ground.roll suppression zone t(1+一, (1) V where x is the offset,t(x)is the starting time of the 同时,改进方法的收敛速度明显快于L—BFGS法,比 Enriched法有小幅提升。它也改进了HFN法效率低 的不足。 关键词:全波形反演,Hessian信息,有限内存 Broyden—Fletcher—Goldfarb—Shanno法,Hessian—free 不精确牛顿法,下降比率 基于S变换时频域极化滤波的面波压制方法研 究//Ground roll attenuation using a time—frequency 更好的识别和压制三分量地震记录中的强面波干 扰,本文结合复偏振分析和瞬时极化分析,提出 了一种能有效压制陆上三分量记录中强面波干扰的 自适应极化滤波方法。该方法综合应用了面波椭圆 平面偏振、能量强、视速度低以及频带低特征。在 给定的面波时窗内低通滤波,采用依赖面波主频的 滑动重叠时窗,进行复协方差本征值分解,由主特 征向量建立面波模型,利用瞬时极化面积属性和面 波区平均能量约束,检测和识别面波,最后自适应 dependent polarization filter based on the S transform, 谭玉阳 ,何川1,王艳冬2,赵忠3,A P P L I E D GEOPHYSICS,2013,10(3),P279-294. (1.北京大学地球与空间科学学院石油与天然气研 究中心,北京100871;2.中国石油大学(华东)地 球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266555;3.中石化地 球物理公司胜利分公司,山东东营257086) 摘要:针对地震记录中的面波通常与体波在初至到 时、频率成分以及极化特征方面存在明显差异,而 单纯的时间域或者频率域极化滤波方法又无法同时 考虑到这些要素,本文提出了一种基于S变换时频域 极化滤波的面波压制方法。该方法通过利用多分量 地震数据的S变换复系数计算得到多种能够表征数据 极化特征的参数,并利用这些极化属性参数来构造 滤波器函数。本文选用S变换来设计该极化滤波器是 由于它所采用的高斯窗函数的宽度与频率成反比, 能够保证每一频率成分所对应的时窗内均包含相同 数目的谐波周期,因此,利用S变换可以更加准确地 计算出时频域内每一点的局部极化属性。合成数据 以及实际数据的处理结果表明本文提出的方法不仅 能够有效压制面波,同时还能较好地保护体波。 关键词:面波,S变换,谱矩阵,极化属性,极化滤 波器 一种稳健压制陆上三分量地震记录中面波的自适应 极化分析方法//Robust adaptive polarization analysis method for eliminating ground roll in 3C land seismics, 陈海峰1,z一3,李向阳1, ,3一,钱忠平2,赵桂玲2, APPLIED GEOPHYSICS 2013,10(3) P295—304. (1.中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重 点实验室,北京l02249;2.中国石油东方地球物理 公司,河北涿州072751;3.中国石油大学(北京) CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249;4.英国地质调 查局,Murchison House,West Mains Road,Edinburgh EH9 3LA.U.K.) 摘要:针对提高陆上转换波地震资料的品质,为了 358 减去。这种方法的门槛值稳定,易于选取,适应性 强,是一种稳健的极化滤波方法。模型和实际资料 的试算结果,表明该方法能有效的识别和衰减面 波,能较好地保护有效信号。 关键词:三分量地震记录,自适应,极化滤波,压 制面波 基于自适应窗函数的最优分数域Gabo r变换及其应 用//The optimal fractional Gabor transform based on the adaptive window function and its application 陈颖 频1,彭真明1,贺振华z,田琳・,张洞君,,APPLIED GEOPHYSICS,2013,10(3),P305-313. (1.电子科技大学光电信息学院,四川成都 610054;2.成都理工大学“油气藏地质及开发工 程”国家重点实验室,四川成都610059;3.中国石 油川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司,四川 成都610213) 摘要:本文利用分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)的时频旋 转性,设计基于广义时间带宽积准则的最优窗函数, 从而实现自适应分数域最优Gabor变换,达到提高时 频聚集性的目的。该算法首先找到最优旋转因子,然 后对信号做该阶次下的FrFT,将经过FrFT后的信号 做频谱成像,最后反方向旋转到原时频位置,从而解 决了时频轴在旋转中失去物理意义的问题,这将推进 FrFT在高精度储层预测领域的应用。另外,本文从分 数域Parseval定理角度提出一种自适应搜索最优旋转 因子的方法,降低了算法整体运算复杂度。地震信号 谱分解结果表明本文算法获得的谱分解瞬时频率切片 显著优于传统Gabor变换。这种自适应时频分析对于 复杂地震信号处理具有重大意义。 关键词:FrFT,广义时间带宽积,最优旋转因子搜 索,白适应最优Gabor变换,地震信号谱分解 基于Bom/Rytov近似的波动方程层析速度反演方法 研究//Wave equation tomographic velocity inversion method based on the Born/Rytov approximation.张 凯,尹正,李振春,陈永芮,APPLIED GEOPHYSICS, 

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