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湖南师范大学职业技术学院实验报告

实验课程实验项目年级专业

计算机网络

跨交换机实现VLAN

通信

2008级计算机

白艳/贺敏/杨忻澎/ 学生姓

邝燕财/马萌/邹芳云名

学 2008180530/2008180515/2008180523 记/2008180516/2008180538/2008180531 分号

实验时

2010-12-10 间

问题描述（给出所做实验项目求解问题的简单描述）：利用网线把两台2126级联，在每台交换机设置VLAN，并对相应端口进行配置，实现跨交换间相同VLAN间通信。

配置清单（给出上机实验时所编写程序清单）： ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Switch A 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchA#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 ,Fa0/6 Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/10,Fa0/11,Fa0/12 Fa0/13,Fa0/14,Fa0/15 Fa0/16,Fa0/17,Fa0/18 Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21 Fa0/22,Fa0/23,Fa0/24

SwitchA#

SwitchA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#vlan 10

0d:0h:11m:45s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-vlan)#exit

0d:0h:11m:50s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#vlan 20

0d:0h:11m:45s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-vlan)#exit SwitchA(config)#end

0d:0h:12m:27s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA#show inte status

Interface Status vlan duplex speed type --------------- -------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------------

Fa0/1 up 1 Full 100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/2 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/3 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/4 up 1 Full 100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/5 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/6 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/7 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/8 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/9 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/10 up 1 Full 100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/11 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/12 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/13 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/14 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/15 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/16 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/17 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/18 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX Fa0/19 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX

--More-- Fa0/20 down 1 Unknown Unknown

10/100BaseTX

--More-- Fa0/21 down 1 Unknown Unknown 10/100BaseTX --More--

SwitchA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/10

0d:0h:12m:48s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 0d:0h:13m:1s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#exit

0d:0h:13m:8s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#

SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4

0d:0h:12m:48s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 0d:0h:13m:1s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#exit

0d:0h:13m:8s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)# SwitchA(config)#exit

0d:0h:13m:10s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

0d:0h:14m:32s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

0d:0h:14m:51s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#end

0d:0h:14m:55s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Switch B 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. S3750_S1(config)#end

2010-12-24 05:53:52 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5

Fa0/6 ,Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/10,Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17 Fa0/18,Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21 Fa0/22,Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/25 Gi0/26,Gi0/27,Gi0/28

S3750_S1#

S3750_S1#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. S3750_S1(config)#vlan 10

2010-12-24 05::41 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config-vlan)#exit

2010-12-24 05::43 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4

2010-12-24 05::51 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

2010-12-24 05:55:09 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config-if)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 05:55:14 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config-if)#exit

2010-12-24 05:55:16 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

2010-12-24 05:55:19 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

2010-12-24 05:55:24 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config-if)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 05:55:39 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband S3750_S1(config-if)#end

实验分析（给出实验过程或结果的分析）：

第一步：将电脑、交换机按上图都连接起来。给电脑PC0、PC1、PC2配同一网段的IP地址,相互ping对方，测试连通性。各电脑之间都是通的。

第二步：创建Vlan10、Vlan20,将接口加入Vlan(SwitchA的F0/4加入Vlan20,F0/10加入Vlan10。SwitchB的F0/4加入Vlan10)，各电脑再互相ping对方。各电脑之间都不通。

第三步：设trunk口模式（把交换机switchA与交换机switchB相连的端口F0/1定义为Trunk模式）.各电脑再互相ping对方。发现PC0与PC2是连通的。我们可以发现，相同Vlan的PC之间可以通信了。而PC1与PC0、PC2都不通。这是因为它们处于不同的Vlan。

第四步：实验完成。

湖南师范大学职业技术学院实验报告

实验课程实验项目年级专业白艳/贺敏/杨忻澎/ 学生姓

数据通信与网络

邝燕财/马萌/邹芳云名

学 2008180530/2008180515/2008180523 记三层交换机的使用

/2008180516/2008180538/2008180531 分号

实验时

2008级计算机 2010-12-17 间

问题描述（给出所做实验项目求解问题的简单描述）：利用网线连接1台3750及1台2126交换机，在每台交换机设置VLAN，配置相应IP地址，利用三层交换机实现不同VLAN间的通信。

配置清单（给出上机实验时所编写程序清单）： ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchA 配置

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

SwitchA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#vlan 10

0d:1h:40m:s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-vlan)#exit

0d:1h:40m:56s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

0d:1h:41m:5s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

0d:1h:41m:26s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#exit

0d:1h:41m:29s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/10

0d:1h:41m:33s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

0d:1h:41m:40s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#no shutdown

0d:1h:41m:42s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#exit

0d:1h:41m:48s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#end

0d:1h:41m:50s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 ,Fa0/6 Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16 Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19 Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22 Fa0/23,Fa0/24 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/10

SwitchA#

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchB 配置

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

SwitchB#

SwitchB#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchB(config)#vlan 40

2010-12-24 07:18:46 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-vlan)#exit

2010-12-24 07:18:48 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4

2010-12-24 07:18:53 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#switchport access vlan 40

2010-12-24 07:19:12 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 07:19:18 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#exit

2010-12-24 07:19:34 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

2010-12-24 07:19:39 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

2010-12-24 07:19:57 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 07:20:01 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#end

2010-12-24 07:20:06 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 ,Fa0/5 ,Fa0/6 Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 ,Fa0/10 Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13,Fa0/14 Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17,Fa0/18 Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22 Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/25,Gi0/26 Gi0/27,Gi0/28 40 VLAN0040 active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/4

SwitchB#

SwitchB#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchB(config)#interface vlan 40

2010-12-24 07:21:45 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 !给虚端口配置IP地址 2010-12-24 07:22:27 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config-if)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 07:22:31 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#exit

2010-12-24 07:22:33 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#vlan 10

2010-12-24 07:22:50 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-vlan)#exit

2010-12-24 07:23:08 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#interface vlan 10

2010-12-24 07:23:12 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 !给虚端口配置IP地址 2010-12-24 07:23:19 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 07:23:24 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#exit

2010-12-24 07:23:28 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#end

2010-12-24 07:23:38 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB#show ip interface !显示IP信息

Interface : VL10 Description : Vlan 10 OperStatus : up

ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.10.1/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e419

Interface : VL40 Description : Vlan 40 OperStatus : up

ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.40.1/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e417

SwitchB#ping 192.168.10.1 ！测试与虚接口的连通性

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB#ping 192.168.10.10 ！测试与PC1的连通性 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.10, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB#ping 192.168.40.1 ！测试与虚接口的连通性 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.1, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB#ping 192.168.40.4 !测试与PC2的连通性 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.4, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

实验分析（给出实验过程或结果的分析）：第一步：按上图将PC机与交换机以及交换机与交换机的线连好。在PC机上测试连通性成功（因为它们处于同一个Vlan,交换机只是级联了）。

第二步：在各交换机上划Vlan，把相应的端口划入相应的Vlan(在SwitchA上将F0/10划入Vlan10,SwitchB上将F0/4划入Vlan40)

第三步：在相应端口设置Trunk模式(在SwitchA与SwitchB中分别设置F0/1的端口模式为Trunk),在PC机上测试连通性不成功（因为它们处于不同的Vlan，如果它们处于同一Vlan肯定是连通的，这种情况就和我们的第一个实验类似）。

第四步：在三层交换机上设置相应的SVI(交换虚接口),实现不同Vlan的的通信。(我们在SwitchB上分别为Vlan10,Vlan40指定IP,具体IP地址上图我们已经给出了)，然后我们再在PC机上设置相应的网关(与三层交换机中的虚接口在同一Vlan的PC机,它们的网关就设置为这个虚接口的IP),测试连通性成功。

第五步：实验完成。

湖南师范大学职业技术学院实验报告

实验课程实验项目年级专业白艳/贺敏/杨忻澎/ 学生姓

数据通信与网络

邝燕财/马萌/邹芳云名

学 2008180530/2008180515/2008180523 记网络冗余链路管理

/2008180516/2008180538/2008180531 分号

实验时

2008级计算机 2010-12-14 间

问题描述（给出所做实验项目求解问题的简单描述）：利用网线连接两台2126交换机，设成冗余链路环境，在每台交换机设置STP（生成树协议），并对相应交换机、端口优先级进行配置，查看生成树根及路径开销变化。

配置清单（给出上机实验时所编写程序清单）： ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Switch A 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchA#

SwitchA#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 ,Fa0/6 Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9

Fa0/10,Fa0/11,Fa0/12 Fa0/13,Fa0/14,Fa0/15 Fa0/16,Fa0/17,Fa0/18 Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21 Fa0/22,Fa0/23,Fa0/24

SwitchA#

SwitchA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#vlan 10

0d:0h:27m:39s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-vlan)#exit

0d:0h:27m:44s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#

SwitchA(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-2 0d:0h:28m:18s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 0d:0h:28m:22s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if-range)#exit

0d:0h:28m:28s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/10

0d:0h:28m:37s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

0d:0h:28m:43s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#end

0d:0h:28m:49s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 ,Fa0/6 Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16 Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19 Fa0/20,Fa0/21,Fa0/22 Fa0/23,Fa0/24

10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/10

SwitchA#

SwitchA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree !在没有形成环之前

0d:0h:30m:9s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#

SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree mode rstp

0d:0h:30m:22s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#end

0d:0h:30m:24s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA#show spanning-tree

StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 24 MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15 MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f88b.f394

Priority : 32768 !优先为32768，缺省配置 TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:0m:10s TopologyChanges : 0

DesignatedRoot : 800000D0F810E418 RootCost : 200000 RootPort : Fa0/1

SwitchA# !以下交换机显示信息提示拓扑发生了改变 0d:0h:30m:40s @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed

0d:0h:31m:33s @5-LINKUPDOWN:Fa0/2 changed state to up SwitchA#show spanning-tree

StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 24 MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15

MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f88b.f394 Priority : 32768

TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:1m:17s TopologyChanges : 0

DesignatedRoot : 800000D0F810E418

RootCost : 200000 !到根的开销为200000 RootPort : Fa0/1 !根端口为Fa 0/1

SwitchA#

0d:0h:33m:5s @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed 0d:0h:33m:6s @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed SwitchA#

SwitchA#show spanning-tree

StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 24 MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15 MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f88b.f394

Priority : 32768 !优先为32768，缺省配置 TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:0m:13s TopologyChanges : 0

DesignatedRoot : 800000D0F810E418

RootCost : 200000 !到根的开销为200000

RootPort : Fa0/2 !根端口为Fa 0/2 (在根交换中改变了端口权值后的变化) SwitchA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree priority ?

<0-61440> Bridge priority in increments of 4096

SwitchA(config)#spanning-tree priority 4096 !改变交换机的权值（这是在非根交换机中） 0d:0h:33m:42s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband 0d:0h:33m:42s @4-NEWROOT:New root is produced SwitchA(config)#

0d:0h:33m:43s @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed SwitchA(config)#end

0d:0h:34m:6s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA#show spanning-tree

StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 24 MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15 MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f88b.f394

Priority : 4096 ！可以看到交换机的优先已经改为了4096 TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:0m:23s TopologyChanges : 0

DesignatedRoot : 100000D0F88BF394

RootCost : 0 !到根的开销为0，说明此交换机为根 RootPort : 0

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchB 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchB#

SwitchB#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchB(config)#vlan 10

2010-12-24 06:08:42 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-vlan)#exit

2010-12-24 06:08:46 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-2

2010-12-24 06:08:53 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

2010-12-24 06:08:56 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if-range)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 06:09:00 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if-range)#exit

2010-12-24 06:09:01 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4

2010-12-24 06:09:10 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

2010-12-24 06:09:17 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#no shutdown

2010-12-24 06:09:21 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#exit

2010-12-24 06:09:28 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#spanning-tree

2010-12-24 06:09:31 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#spanning-tree Mode rstp

2010-12-24 06:09:42 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#

2010-12-24 06:09:52 @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed 2010-12-24 06:10:01 @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed SwitchB(config)#end

2010-12-24 06:10:23 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB#show spanning-tree

StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 416 MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15 MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f810.e418 Priority : 32768

TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:0m:2s TopologyChanges : 0

DesignatedRoot : 800000D0F810E418 RootCost : 0 RootPort : 0

SwitchB# SwitchB#

2010-12-24 06:11:13 @5-LINKUPDOWN:Fa0/2 changed state to up SwitchB#

2010-12-24 06:11:43 @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed SwitchB#show spanning-tree StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 416 MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15 MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f810.e418 Priority : 32768

TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:0m:3s TopologyChanges : 0

DesignatedRoot : 800000D0F810E418 RootCost : 0 RootPort : 0

SwitchB#

SwitchB#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2

2010-12-24 06:12:23 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#spanning-tree ?

bpdufilter Don't send or receive BPDUs on this interface bpduguard Don't accept BPDUs on this interface

cost Change an interface's spanning tree port path cost

link-type Specify a link type for spanning tree protocol use mst Multiple spanning tree configuration port-priority Change an interface's spanning tree priority

portfast Enable an interface to move directly to forwarding on link up

SwitchB(config-if)#spanning-tree port-priority ?

<0-240> Port priority in increments of 16

SwitchB(config-if)#spanning-tree port-priority 16 !在根交换机中改变端口权值 2010-12-24 06:12:44 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#end

2010-12-24 06:12:50 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB#show spanning-tree StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 416 MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15 MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f810.e418 Priority : 32768

TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:0m:6s TopologyChanges : 0

DesignatedRoot : 800000D0F810E418

RootCost : 0 !到根的开销为0，说明此交换机为根 RootPort : 0

SwitchB# !以下为在非根交换机中改变了权值后的变化。 2010-12-24 06:13:23 @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed 2010-12-24 06:13:24 @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed SwitchB#

SwitchB#show spanning-tree

StpVersion : RSTP SysStpStatus : Enabled BaseNumPorts : 416

MaxAge : 20 HelloTime : 2 ForwardDelay : 15 BridgeMaxAge : 20 BridgeHelloTime : 2 BridgeForwardDelay : 15 MaxHops : 20 TxHoldCount : 3

PathCostMethod : Long BPDUGuard : Disabled BPDUFilter : Disabled

BridgeAddr : 00d0.f810.e418

Priority : 32768 !优先为32768，缺省配置 TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:0m:0s TopologyChanges : 3

DesignatedRoot : 100000D0F88BF394

RootCost : 200000 !到根的开销为200000 RootPort : Fa0/1 !根端口为Fa 0/1

实验分析（给出实验过程或结果的分析）：第一步：按上图（根据第一个实验的步骤）把线连好、Vlan划好、相应的接口也划入相应的Vlan中.相应端口的Trunk模式也设好。注意：交换机SwitchA与SwitchB之间只连一根线（这果我们选F0/1与F0/1）.否则会造成广播风暴。

第二步：在PC机上设IP，相互ping测试连通性。测试成功。

第三步：我们在各个交换机上都开启生成树协议，并指定生成树协议的版本为RSTP(快速生成树协议).然后在两个交换机之间连上第二个根线(F0/2与F0/2),然后再在PC机之间相互ping发现仍是连通的,并没有因为有环而产生网络风暴。这说明我们的生成树协议已经配置成功了,并起了作用。

第四步：改变端口优先级查看变化。在上图的测试中，我们的测试结果是：开始的时候是SwitchA是非根交换机（有根端口为F0/1），SwitchB是根交换机，F0/1-F0/1为主要链路。然后我们在根交换机SwitchB中把端口F0/2的优先级改小(要为16的倍数)，发现拓扑马上发生了变化。非根交换机SwitchA的根端口马上变为了F0/2，F0/2-F0/2成为了主要链路。

第五步：改变交换机的优先级查看变化。经过上一步的操作后，我们知道，SwitchA还是非根交换机，SwitchB还是根交换机。我们进入非根交换机SwitchA，把它的交换机优先级改小（4096的倍数）。这时我们发现拓扑也马上发生了改变，SwitchA从非根交换机变成了根交换机,SwitchB从根交换机变成了非根交换机, F0/1-F0/1变成了主要链路。

第六步：实验完成。

湖南师范大学职业技术学院实验报告

实验课程实验项目年级专业白艳/贺敏/杨忻澎/ 学生姓

数据通信与网络

邝燕财/马萌/邹芳云名

学 2008180530/2008180515/2008180523 记静态路由配置

/2008180516/2008180538/2008180531 分号

实验时

2008级计算机 2010-12-21 间

问题描述（给出所做实验项目求解问题的简单描述）：利用V.35线连接两台1762路由器，设置相应的端口IP及DCE/DTE，实现路由器间的互连互通，并在每个路由器上设置Loopback端口，配置相应IP地址及静态路由，实现各网段间的互连互通。

配置清单（给出上机实验时所编写程序清单）： ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RouterA 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RouterA#co

RouterA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterA(config)#interface serial 1/2

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.5 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)#clock rate 000 !配置RouterA的时钟频率（DCE端）

RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown !开启端口转发数据 RouterA(config-if)#end RouterA#

Configured from console by console

RouterA#ping 192.168.6.6

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.6.6, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > .

Success rate is 0 percent (0/2) RouterA#

RouterA#show ip interface brief ！显示IP 接口信息

Interface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Status serial 1/2 192.168.6.5/24 YES UP serial 1/3 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/0 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/1 no address YES DOWN Null 0 no address YES UP RouterA#ping 192.168.6.6

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.6.6, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > .....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) RouterA#

%LINK CHANGED: Interface serial 1/2, changed state to down

%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface serial 1/2, changed state to DOWN RouterA#

%LINK CHANGED: Interface serial 1/2, changed state to up

%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface serial 1/2, changed state to UPping 192.168.6.6 RouterA#ping 192.168.6.6 !测试与RouterB的Serial1/2端口的连通性 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.6.6, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/37 ms RouterA#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterA(config)#interface loopback ?

<0-21474837> Loopback interface number

RouterA(config)#interface loopback 30 !创建Loopback端口 RouterA(config-if)#

%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface Loopback 30, changed state to UP

RouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 !设置Loopback中的ip地址 RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown

RouterA(config-if)#exit

RouterA(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 serial 1/2 !配置静态路由 RouterA(config)#end RouterA#

Configured from console by console

RouterA#ping 192.168.4.1 !测试与RouterB的Loopback口的连通性 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/37/38 ms

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RouterB 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RouterB#co

RouterB#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterB(config)#interface serial 1/2

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.6 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#no shutdown RouterB(config-if)#end RouterB#

Configured from console by console

RouterB#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Status serial 1/2 192.168.6.6/24 YES UP serial 1/3 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/0 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/1 no address YES DOWN Null 0 no address YES UP RouterB#ping 192.168.6.5 !测试与RouterA的Serial1/2端口的连通性 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.6.5, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 37/37/37 ms RouterB#

RouterB#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterB(config)#interface loopback 30 !创建Loopback端口 RouterB(config-if)#

%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface Loopback 30, changed state to UP

RouterB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 !设置Loopback中的ip地址 RouterB(config-if)#no shutdown RouterB(config-if)#end RouterB#

Configured from console by console Protocol [ip]:

RouterB#ping 192.168.5.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.5.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > .

Success rate is 0 percent (0/2) RouterB#

RouterB#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 * - candidate default

Gateway of last resort is no set

C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 30 C 192.168.4.1/32 is local host.

C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2 C 192.168.6.6/32 is local host. RouterB#co

RouterB#configure

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

RouterB(config)#ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 serial 1/2 !配置静态路由

RouterB(config)#end RouterB#

Configured from console by console

RouterB#ping 192.168.5.1 !测试与RouterA的Loopback口的连通性 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.5.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 37/37/37 ms

实验分析（给出实验过程或结果的分析）：第一步：按上图，用V35线缆把两台路由器连接起来。

第二步：在路由器上分别为相应的串口设置IP（RouterA的Serial1/2为192.168.6.5/24,RouterB的Serial2为192.168.6.6/24）,然后在DCE端配置时钟频率,保证链路的连通。测试两个路由器的连通性（分别在RouterA与RouterB中ping对端串口的IP），连通成功。

第三步：在各路由器上创建loopback接口，并设置IP(我们在SwitchA上创建的是端口30，IP是192.168.5.1/24;SwitchB上创建的端口是30,IP是192.168.4.1/24),然后再测试连通性（在各路由器上Ping对端路由器的loopback端口的IP）,发现不通，这是正常的，因为它们处于不同的网段，没有设置路由信息，路由器不知道怎么转发它们的分组。

第四步：在各路由器上设置到达相应网络的静态路由。(我们在SwitchA上设置到达网络192.168.4.0/24的静态路由，在SwitchB上设置到达网络192.168.5.0/24的静态路由),然后又一次测试连通性（在各路由器上Ping对端路由器的loopback端口的IP）,连通成功。

第五步：实验完成。

湖南师范大学职业技术学院实验报告

实验课程实验项目年级专业白艳/贺敏/杨忻澎/ 学生姓

数据通信与网络

邝燕财/马萌/邹芳云名

学 2008180530/2008180515/2008180523 记动态路由配置

/2008180516/2008180538/2008180531 分号

实验时

2008级计算机 2010-12-24 间

问题描述（给出所做实验项目求解问题的简单描述）：利用V.35线连接两台1762路由器，利用双绞线连接1762及一台三层交换机，设置相应的端口IP及DCE/DTE，实现路由器间及路由器与三层交换机间的互连互通，配置相应IP地址及动态路由（RIP），实现各网段间的互连互通。

配置清单（给出上机实验时所编写程序清单）： ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchA 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchA# SwitchA#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#vlan 10

1d:23h:45m:51s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-vlan)#exit

1d:23h:45m:s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#vlan 20

1d:23h:45m:57s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-vlan)#exit

1d:23h:45m:58s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#

SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/10

1d:23h:46m:8s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#swi acc vlan 10

1d:23h:46m:13s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#exi

1d:23h:46m:14s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/20

1d:23h:46m:17s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#swi acc vlan 20

1d:23h:46m:21s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#end

1d:23h:46m:23s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA#

SwitchA#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 ,Fa0/6 Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16 Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19 Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/23 Fa0/24 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/10

20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/20

SwitchA#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#int f0/1

1d:23h:46m:46s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#

SwitchA(config-if)#swi mo tru

1d:23h:46m:59s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA(config-if)#end

1d:23h:47m:2s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchA# SwitchA#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 ,Fa0/6 Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16 Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19 Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/23 Fa0/24

10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/10 20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/20

SwitchA#

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchD 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchD# SwitchD#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchD(config)#vlan 5

1d:23h:45m:51s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-vlan)#exit

1d:23h:45m:s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config)#vlan 15

1d:23h:45m:57s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-vlan)#exit

1d:23h:45m:58s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config)#

SwitchD(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5

1d:23h:46m:8s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-if)#swi acc vlan 5

1d:23h:46m:13s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-if)#exi

1d:23h:46m:14s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/15

1d:23h:46m:17s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-if)#swi acc vlan 15

1d:23h:46m:21s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-if)#end

1d:23h:46m:23s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD#

SwitchD#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 , Fa0/6

Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9

Fa0/10, Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14, Fa0/16

Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/23 Fa0/24 5 VLAN0005 active Fa0/5 15 VLAN0015 active Fa0/15

SwitchD#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchD(config)#int f0/1

1d:23h:46m:46s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-if)#

SwitchD(config-if)#swi mo tru

1d:23h:46m:59s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD(config-if)#end

1d:23h:47m:2s @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchD# SwitchD#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchD(config)#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 Fa0/4 ,Fa0/6

Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 ,Fa0/10 Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/16

Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/19,Fa0/20 Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/23 Fa0/24 5 VLAN0005 active Fa0/5,Fa0/1 15 VLAN0015 active Fa0/15,Fa0/1

SwitchD#

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchB 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchB# SwitchB#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchB(config)#vlan 10

2010-12-23 05:57:59 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-vlan)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:00 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#

SwitchB(config)#vlan 20

2010-12-23 05:58:10 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-vlan)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:13 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#int vlan 10

2010-12-23 05:58:20 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

2010-12-23 05:58:29 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#no shu

2010-12-23 05:58:31 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:32 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#int vlan 20

2010-12-23 05:58:36 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

2010-12-23 05:58:46 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:48 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#int f0/1

2010-12-23 05:58:57 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#swi mo tru

2010-12-23 05:59:06 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

% Error: Layer conflict !层冲突

SwitchB(config-if)#switchport 开启交换功能，关闭路由功能 2010-12-23 05:59:25 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config-if)#switchport mo tru !设置F0/1中的模式为Trunk 2010-12-23 05:59:28 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:59:30 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config)#exi

2010-12-23 05:59:33 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB#

SwitchB#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/3 ,Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 Fa0/6 ,Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/10,Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17 Fa0/18,Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21 Fa0/22,Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/25 Gi0/26,Gi0/27,Gi0/28 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1 20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/1

SwitchB#show ip int

Interface : VL10 Description : Vlan 10 OperStatus : down ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.10.1/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255

PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e419

Interface : VL20 Description : Vlan 20 OperStatus : down ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.20.1/24 --More--

SwitchB#

2010-12-23 06:01:39 @5-LINKUPDOWN:Fa0/1 changed state to up 2010-12-23 06:01:39 @5-LINKUPDOWN:VL10 changed state to up 2010-12-23 06:01:40 @5-LINKUPDOWN:VL20 changed state to up 2010-12-23 06:01:41 @4-TOPOCHANGE:Topology is changed

SwitchB#

SwitchB#show ip rout

Type: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 Status:

Half-active - active,but failed to insert into Hardware Forward Table that is FULL,or need not insert into Hardware Forward Table

Backup - active,and there is at least one better route whose distance is smaller.

For ECMP route,another possible reason is that it is learning linklayer address of nexthop

Type Destination IP Next hop Interface Distance Metric Status ---- ------------------ --------------- --------- -------- -------- --------

C 192.168.10.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL10 0 0 Active C 192.168.20.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL20 0 0 Active

SwitchB#con

SwitchB#ping 192.168.10.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB#ping 192.168.20.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB#ping 192.168.10.10

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.10, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB#ping 192.168.20.20

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.20, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB# SwitchB#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchB(config)#in f0/3

2010-12-23 06:17:22 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#no swi

2010-12-23 06:17:31 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0

2010-12-23 06:17:42 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)#no shu

2010-12-23 06:17:44 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-if)# SwitchB(config-if)#end

2010-12-23 06:17:45 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB#

SwitchB#show ip int

Interface : Fa0/3

Description : FastEthernet100BaseTX 0/3 OperStatus : up

ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.2.3/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e417

Interface : VL10 Description : Vlan 10 OperStatus : up

ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.10.1/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e419

Interface : VL20 Description : Vlan 20 OperStatus : up

ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.20.1/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e41a

SwitchB#ping 192.168.2.3

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.3, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

SwitchB# SwitchB#

SwitchB#show ip rout

Type: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 Status:

Half-active - active,but failed to insert into Hardware Forward Table that is FULL,or need not insert into Hardware Forward Table

Backup - active,and there is at least one better route whose distance is smaller.

For ECMP route,another possible reason is that it is learning linklayer address of nexthop

Type Destination IP Next hop Interface Distance Metric Status ---- ------------------ --------------- --------- -------- -------- --------

C 192.168.2.0/24 0.0.0.0 Fa0/3 0 0 Active C 192.168.10.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL10 0 0 Active C 192.168.20.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL20 0 0 Active

SwitchB#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchB(config)#rout rip

% Ambiguous command: \"rout rip\"

SwitchB(config)#router rip

2010-12-23 06:23:13 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

% The IP route protocol not enabled !因为关闭了三层交换机的路由功能，所以这样提示

SwitchB(config)#ip routing !开启路由 2010-12-23 06:23:43 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config)#router rip !开启RIP协议进程 2010-12-23 06:23: @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 !声明本协议的直连网段 2010-12-23 06:24:02 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 ! 声明本协议的直连网段 2010-12-23 06:24:06 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchB(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 ! 声明本协议的直连网段 2010-12-23 06:24:10 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchB(config-router)#end

2010-12-23 06:24:13 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchC 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// SwitchC#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchC(config)#vlan 5

2010-12-23 05:57:59 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-vlan)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:00 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchC(config)#

SwitchC(config)#vlan 15

2010-12-23 05:58:10 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-vlan)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:13 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config)#vlan 30

2010-12-23 05:58:14 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-vlan)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:15 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config)#int vlan 5

2010-12-23 05:58:20 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0

2010-12-23 05:58:29 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#no shu

2010-12-23 05:58:31 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:32 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config)#int vlan 15

2010-12-23 05:58:36 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0

2010-12-23 05:58:46 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:48 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config)#int vlan 30

2010-12-23 05:58:49 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0

2010-12-23 05:58:50 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:51 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3

2010-12-23 05:58:52 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#swi acc vlan 30

2010-12-23 05:58:53 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:58:55 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config)#int f0/1

2010-12-23 05:58:57 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#swi mo tru

2010-12-23 05:59:06 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

% Error: Layer conflict !层冲突

SwitchC(config-if)#switchport 开启交换功能，关闭路由功能 2010-12-23 05:59:25 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchC(config-if)#switchport mo tru !设置F0/1中的模式为Trunk 2010-12-23 05:59:28 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config-if)#exi

2010-12-23 05:59:30 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC(config)#exi

2010-12-23 05:59:33 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC#

SwitchC#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1 ,Fa0/2 ,Fa0/4 ,Fa0/5 Fa0/6 ,Fa0/7 ,Fa0/8 ,Fa0/9 Fa0/10,Fa0/11,Fa0/12,Fa0/13 Fa0/14,Fa0/15,Fa0/16,Fa0/17 Fa0/18,Fa0/19,Fa0/20,Fa0/21 Fa0/22,Fa0/23,Fa0/24,Gi0/25 Gi0/26,Gi0/27,Gi0/28 5 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1 15 VLAN0020 active Fa0/1

30 VLAN0020 active Fa0/1,Fa0/3

SwitchC#show ip int

Interface : VL30 Description : Vlan 30 OperStatus : down ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.30.2/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e414

Interface : VL5 Description : Vlan 5 OperStatus : down ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.40.1/24 Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 PhysAddress : 00d0.f810.e419

Interface : VL15

Description : Vlan 15 OperStatus : down ManagementStatus : Enabled

Primary Internet address: 192.168.50.1/24 --More--

SwitchC#

SwitchC#show ip rout

Type: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 Status:

Half-active - active,but failed to insert into Hardware Forward Table that is FULL,or need not insert into Hardware Forward Table

Backup - active,and there is at least one better route whose distance is smaller.

For ECMP route,another possible reason is that it is learning linklayer address of nexthop

Type Destination IP Next hop Interface Distance Metric Status ---- ------------------ --------------- --------- -------- -------- --------

C 192.168.40.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL5 0 0 Active C 192.168.50.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL15 0 0 Active C 192.168.30.0/24 0.0.0.0 VL30 0 0 Active

SwitchC#con

SwitchC#ping 192.168.40.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.1, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms SwitchC#

SwitchC#ping 192.168.50.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.1, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms SwitchC#

SwitchC#ping 192.168.40.4

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.4 timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms SwitchC#

SwitchC#ping 192.168.50.50

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.50, timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms SwitchC#

SwitchC#ping 192.168.30.2

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.30.2 timeout is 2000 milliseconds. !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5)

Minimum = 1ms Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms SwitchC# SwitchC#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchC(config)#rout rip

% Ambiguous command: \"rout rip\"

SwitchC(config)#router rip

2010-12-23 06:23:13 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

% The IP route protocol not enabled !因为关闭了三层交换机的路由功能，所以这样提示

SwitchC(config)#ip routing !开启路由 2010-12-23 06:23:43 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchC(config)#router rip !开启RIP协议进程 2010-12-23 06:23: @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchC(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 !声明本协议的直连网段 2010-12-23 06:24:02 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchC(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 !声明本协议的直连网段 2010-12-23 06:24:06 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchC(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 !声明本协议的直连网段 2010-12-23 06:24:10 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband

SwitchC(config-router)#end

2010-12-23 06:24:13 @5-CONFIG:Configured from outband SwitchC#

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RouterA 配置

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

RouterA#

RouterA#show ip int bri

Interface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Status serial 1/2 no address YES DOWN serial 1/3 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/0 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/1 no address YES DOWN Null 0 no address YES UP RouterA#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterA(config)#int f1/1

RouterA(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 RouterA(config-if)#no shu RouterA(config-if)#end RouterA#

Configured from console by console

RouterA#

RouterA#show ip int bri

Interface IP-Address(Pri) OK? Status serial 1/2 no address YES DOWN serial 1/3 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/0 no address YES DOWN FastEthernet 1/1 192.168.2.1/24 YES UP Null 0 no address YES UP

RouterA#ping 192.168.2.3 !测试与交换机对端接口F0/3的连通性

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.2.3, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

RouterA#ping 192.168.10.1 !测试与交换机中Vlan10虚接口的连通性，发现不通 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

< press Ctrl+C to break > .

Success rate is 0 percent (0/2) RouterA# RouterA#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterA(config)#in s1/2

RouterA(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 RouterA(config-if)#clock rate 000 RouterA(config-if)#no shu RouterA(config-if)#end RouterA#

Configured from console by console

RouterA# RouterA#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

RouterA(config)#router rip !开启RIP协议进程 RouterA(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 !声明直连网段

RouterA(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 !声明本设备的直连网段 RouterA(config-router)version 2 !定义RIP协议版本V2 RouterA(config-router)#exi RouterA(config)# RouterA(config)#end RouterA#

RouterA#show ip rout !显看路由信息

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 * - candidate default

Gateway of last resort is no set

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2 C 192.168.1.5/32 is local host.

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 1/1

C 192.168.2.1/32 is local host. ！以下为RIP协议学习到的 R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.3, 00:00:00, FastEthernet 1/1

R 192.168.20.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.3, 00:00:00, FastEthernet 1/1 !这是从F1/1口学习的 R 192.168.30.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.6, 00:00:07, serial 1/2 ！这是从S1/2口学到的 R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.6, 00:00:07, serial 1/2 ！这是从S1/2口学到的 R 192.168.50.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.6, 00:00:07, serial 1/2 ！这是从S1/2口学到的

RouterA#ping 192.168.10.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms

RouterA#ping 192.168.10.10

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.10.10, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

RouterA#ping 192.168.20.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

RouterA#ping 192.168.20.20

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.20.20, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RouterB 配置

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// RouterB# RouterB#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. RouterB(config)#int f1/1

RouterB(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#no shu RouterB(config-if)#exi RouterB(config)#in 1/2

RouterB(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#no shu RouterB(config-if)#end RouterB#

Configured from console by console

RouterB#

RouterB#show ip rout

Gateway of last resort is no set

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2 C 192.168.1.6/32 is local host.

C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 1/1 C 192.168.30.1/32 is local host. RouterB#ping 192.168.1.6

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.1.6, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.1.5 !测试与对端路由器的连通性

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.1.5, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 37/37/37 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.30.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.30.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.30.2 !三层交换机中的一个虚接口，与路由器直连的三层交换机的F0/3端口就在这个Vlan中

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.30.30, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms RouterB#con

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

RouterB(config)#router rip !开户RIP协议并进入其配置模式 RouterB(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 RouterB(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 RouterB(config-router)#version 2 RouterB(config-router)#end RouterB#

Configured from console by console

RouterB#show ip rout !显示路由信息

Gateway of last resort is no set

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, serial 1/2 C 192.168.1.6/32 is local host.

C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 1/1 C 192.168.30.1/32 is local host.

R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:02, serial 1/2 这是学习到的动态路由从s 1/2 R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:02, serial 1/2 !这是学习到的动态路由从s1/2 R 192.168.20.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:02, serial 1/2 !这是学习到的动态路由从s1/2 R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:02, FastEthernet 1/1 这是学到的动态路由从F1/1 R 192.168.50.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.5, 00:00:02, FastEthernet 1/1 !这是学到的动态路由从F1/1

RouterB#ping 192.168.2.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 37/37/37 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.2.3

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.2.3, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 38/38/38 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.20.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 38/38/38 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.20.20

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.20.20, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 37/37/37 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.10.1

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 38/38/41 ms RouterB#ping 192.168.10.10

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 192.168.10.10, timeout is 2 seconds: < press Ctrl+C to break > !!!!!

实验分析（给出实验过程或结果的分析）： (从低向高配)

第一步：实现二层交换机与三层交换机的连接。在各二层交换机上划Vlan及将端口加入相应的Vlan（在SwitchA中建立Vlan10、Vlan20,然后将F0/10划入Vlan10, F0/20划入Vlan20;在SwitchD中建立Vlan5、Vlan15, 然后将F0/5划入Vlan5, F0/15划入Vlan15;）,设置相应相应端口的trunk模式(在SwitchA、SwitchB、SwitchC、SwitchD中分别设置F0/1端口为Trunk模式)。在各三层交换机中设置SVI(交换虚接口)实现不同Vlan的通信（在SwitchB中建立中Vlan10、Vlan20,分别设置IP地址为192.168.10.1/24,192.168.20.1/24; 在SwitchC中建立中Vlan5、Vlan15,分别设置IP地址192.168.40.1/24,192.168.50.1/24;）

第二步: 实现三层交换机与路由器的连接.(在SwitchB中开户路由功能,关闭F0/3的交换功能，设置它的IP地址为192.168.2.3/24,在RouterA中设置F1/1的IP地址为192.168.2.1/24;在SwitchC中设置虚接口Vlan30的IP地址为192.168.30.2/24,因为与RouterB相连的F0/3端口就属于Vlan30, 在RouterB中设置F1/1的IP地址为192.168.30.1/24;)

第三步：实现路由器与路由器的连接.(在RouterA中设置S1/2的端口IP地址为192.168.1.5/24,并设置时钟频率;在RouterB中设置S1/2的端口IP地址为192.168.1.6/24)

第四步：开启RIP协议(在三层交换机SwitchB、SwitchC及路由器RouterA、RouterB上开启RIP协议)

第五步：实验完成。

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