高考英语 考前指导( 各个题型)

The only difference between good and better is a little more effort.

第一部分：阅读理解 1.高考细节题解题技巧

细节理解类题目常见的设问方式：

1．Which of the following is true／false／mentioned? 2．What does the writer pay the least attention to?

3．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage． 4．All of the following statements may be true／false except… 5．Which of the following is not the result of．．．?

6．Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of．．．?

7．Which of the following maps／diagrams gives the right position of…／relationship of．．? 8．Which of the following maps shows the right way to get to…? 9．Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what…is like?

解题方法（一）结构信息对应法

高考中细节理解题主要考查考生在阅读语篇时获取事实性信息的能力，考生通过理解句子和段落的意思对具体的事实和细节做出正确的判断。测试过程中要求考生从单纯的“信息获取”转变成“寻找答案”。在这个过程中，原文涉及的大部分细节内容对于完成题目是无意义的，无需字斟句酌。只有在阅读中准确把握题干的关键词，才能区分哪些字句与题目(答题点)有关。

所谓“关键词”是指题干中的核心词或者决定答案性质或位置的词。典型的关键词是句子的主干、人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。由于它们会在原文重现，因此产生了一种答题方法：回原文找关键词。这往往给考生一种印象：只要在题干中划出关键词就一定能找到原词。那么关键词一定会“原型”重现吗?

请看下面例句：

原文：While it is acknowledged for many years that an increasing number of animals are bound to become extinct，it

is only recently that the problem has been addressed by politicians．

题目选项：We have known for a long time that more species of animals will disappear．(正确答案)

分析：题目中的每一个句子成分都“长得”与原文不同，可是表达的含义却一致。我们把句子拆分观察：

（1）While it is acknowledged for many years that = （1’）We have known for a long time that （2）an increasing number of animals=（2’）more species of animals （3）are bound to become extinct=（3’）will disappear

1’ 是1的同意表达；2’ 是2的同意表达；3’ 是3的同意表达；因此，1+2+3=1’+2’+3’ 这是我们处理细节题的具体操作方法。

由上例可见，机械地用某个字回原文定位有时是徒劳的，换句话说关键词的重现并不是我们想像的“原词重现”。根据笔者经验，关键词重现分成3类——AA语言重现、AA’语言重现和关系重现。

2.高考主旨大意题解题技巧

这类题主要是测试学生对一篇或一段字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有： (1) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? (2) What is the writer trying to tell us?

(3) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (4) The purpose of the passage is. (5) The main (general) idea of the passage is.

(6) The passage is mainly about ____. (7) What is mainly discussed in the passage?

这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些一开头便展示出的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些的中心思想贯穿全，并没有用一句话明确表达出，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。

做这类题，首先要找出的主题句。找出的主题句，也就明确了要讲什么，再通读全文，就可以把握的中心思想了。

主题句在整个语段中起着通领全段的作用，其它句子都是用阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。其位置一般位于段首，也见于段尾或段中。

☆另外在许多段中，设有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 这就需要进一步加工概括了。

〖第一招〗划出主题句和关键词

在说明和议论时，根据其篇特点我们可以通过寻找短的主题句归纳出的主题。主题句在中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。

有些的主题句或者说“眼”出现在的最后，此类往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳的主旨大意，所以有时要找出这样的信息，从中提炼标题或归纳大意。

〖第二招〗抓住段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语，或光看的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解的重点，考虑中材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心安排的。最后用简明扼要的字将的中心思想表达出。

〖第三招〗抓住主线和关键词语，归纳中心

要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的，就需要自己根据的细节分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。

该题型提问的形式主要有三类：Main Idea型

1．首先要找出的主题句(Topic Sentence)，即中心思想，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句(Developing Details)，是用阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。

2．在许多段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

Topic/Title型

在阅读理解的命题中，有时要求确定相应的标题，以考查考生对全中心思想的理解。

1．首先要把握好大意，不能把某一段的大意看做是整篇的大意，更不能把细节看成是大意，以防标题的片面性。

2．注意的体裁及意图。根据不同体裁，结合叙述的过程、说明的用途、议论的主题等，从而正确地确定标题。

3．注意标题本身的句法和语法特征：一是要言简意赅，引人注目；二是要利用省略等修辞手段，尽量使标题句法结构正确。

Purpose and Attitude型

命题中常结合考生对的理解，考查对写作目的和作者态度的理解。常见的设题方式有：

The passage is meant to ______. The purpose of this article is ______.

The author's attitude toward…is best described as one of ______.

需要通过细节支撑的思想和大意，而作者正是通过这些思想和大意体现其态度、观点和目的。因此，领会的态度、

观点和目的与全文的主旨大意是密不可分的。

3.高考推理判断解题技巧

提问方式：

1) It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage that___________. 2) According to the passage, ________________. 3) We learn from the passage that ________. 4) The passage impliesthat___________.

5) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

6) The writer suggests that___________. 7) From the text we know that __________. 8) What's the author's attitude toward……?

9) The author uses the examples of... to show that___________. 10) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is _____________. 常用词汇：

Infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate, appear.

此类试题的提问中可能会出现情态动词：can, could, would, might或副词probably, most likely。 做题策略：

推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。

1. 要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实为依据，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。

2. 把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，推敲文中人物的性格，品质，处事态度和行为动机等，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

3. 不能断章取义，以偏概全；不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测；更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 典型题型：

【例题1】 – 因果推断

The entertainment profession or “show business\" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager,a performer can never hope to succeed.Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes oldfashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must changehis “act\" in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians,but perhaps most of all singers.

“Pop\" stands for “popular\" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the

public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans\".The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir\". They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public .1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager? A. To protect him from his fans

B. To look after his business interests C. To help him to change his “act” D .So that he can relax

2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous? A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public B. Because he wants to sell more records C. Because he wants to become popular D. Because he wants to stay popular

【例题2】--- 弦外之音

A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right,\" said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead.\"

“Well sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.\"

The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!”

1. What kind of man would you say the old man was? A. He was silly.

B. He was unpleasant.

C. He was very proud and sure of his health. D. He was very impolite to young people. 【例题3】 --- 预测话题

We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processingand solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. However…

1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about inthe third paragraph? A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Computers are as clever as man.

C. Many people like computers very much.

D.I don't think computers will replace us completely. 【例题4】– 写作意图

Imagine that the genome is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my

text would be as long as the River Danube.

1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________. A. to focus on the differences between the two

B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two C. to simplify the concept of the human genome D. to give an exact description of the human genome 【例题5】--- 作者态度

Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing. Ican never understand it. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important.

1. What is the author’s attitude toward dreaming? A. He likes it. B. He thinks it puzzling C. He used to like it. D. He dislikes it. 1. BD 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A

4. 高考词义猜测题解题技巧

一、常见题型：

1) The underlined word “……” refers to/means_____. 2) What did the writer mean when he said “ …”?

3) What do you think the expression “…...”stands for?

4) “...”as used in the passage can best be defined as ______. 5) When he says “……”, the writer means that___________.

6 ) “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as _________?

7) Which of the following words can take the place of the word “……”? 二、技巧总结

1、根据构词法：派生、转化、合成

①派生：由一个词根加前缀或后缀构成新单词

例：Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.

The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means __________.

A. Repeated B. reiterated. C. uneducated D. sick ②转化: 由某一词性转化成另一词性, 其意义也发生变化。 例：I was asked to minute（v. 为……计时）the race. ③合成：由两个或两个以上单词组成一个新单词。 例：We must safeguard the world peace.

A. protect B. care C. prevent D. to keep safe with gun

2、根据定义或解释

线索词：be, mean, refer to, be called, can be defined as,be known as, in other words, that is , that

is to say，定语从句或同位语从句等

例1：Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots (嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees. The underlined word “pruning” means________.

A. Regular cutting of the plantsB. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicalsD. Growing the plants high in the mountain

例2： Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.

“Object permanence”means that when out of sight, an object ______

A. still exists B. keeps its shapeC. still stays solid D. is beyond reach 3、根据同义词、同位语、反义词 线索词: or, such as, the same as等

例1：The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists.

The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 例2：Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them-- a form of favoritism will replace equality. The word “favoritism”is used to describe the phenomenon that ________. A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success

例3：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 inEdinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert inphonetics（语音学）,the study of the sounds of language.

例4：If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent（不同意）, write “No”. 4、根据举例

线索词：for example, for instance, include, like/unlike等

例：Unlike her gregarious（爱交际的） sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5、根据对比

线索词but, yet, however, while, instead, otherwise,although/though, despite, by contrast)

例1：She is usually prompt (准时的) for all her classes, buttoday she arrived in the middle of her first class.

例2：A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

What does the underlined word \"hassle“ probably mean?

A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests 6、根据因果

线索词so…that, so, because, as，since, therefore等

例1: “The river is soturbidthat it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.”

A. clean and deep B. dirty and muddy C. deep and clear D. deep and dangerous

例2：I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .” The underlined word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “_________” . A. full of respect B. rude and too confident C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet 7、根据常识和经验

例1: In old days, when girls from rich familieswere married to their husbands, they expected tobring with themselves a large quantity of dowry(嫁妆).

例2:When a doctor performs an operation on apatient, he usually give an anesthetic（麻醉剂）to make himunconscious, because he does not want hispatient to feel pain or to know what is happeningto him. 8、根据上下文语境

例1: A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audiencetake an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The underlined word “audience” in the paragraph means ____. A. students B. people who watch a play C. people who act on the stage D. people who listen to something

例2：In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered undercompetitive pressures from their parents or society.

The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means______ A. Those who try their best to win

B. Those who value competition most highly C.Those who are against competition most strongly D. Those who rely on others most for success

6. 阅读理解答题补充说明

1）细节题补充：scan（扫） skim（跳）， 标注词语，

判断依据 7个： 时间then， 地点above，类别kind，程序next，因果so，对比than， like，主次唯一来源，答案部分正确，符合常识但不符合原文 2）主旨题补充：

考察整体感悟能力

问题含盖：标题，大意，人物特点，结论，作者态度，下文内容。

信息在for example之前, all in all之后，或but, however之后

反映主题的多是实词，经常出现的实词可能是主题

段首为疑问句，则回答即主题。

3）推理判断补充：

推理两种方法：归纳（具体---抽象，个别---一般）演绎（一般---个别，抽象---具体，常用三论 大前提—小前提---结论 好人---助人---借钱）

高考的推论：对已知的联想，对未知的推测。

主要方法：抓住关键词，结合全文，归纳演绎，注意话中有话

4）猜词补充：猜词的方法：英英释义，同位，同义词反义词， 描写，关联词，代词，上下文 文章结构题解题要领

1、发挥整体感悟能力，做结构题也要先了解全文的主题。 2、判断是议论文，记叙文还是说明文。

3、议论文要看是先论点后论据，还是先论据后论点。 4、记叙文常按时间顺序写。

5、说明文不一定按时间写，常按类别，区域来叙述。

6、句首的问题是为引起思考，引出主题服务的。

7、全文最后的一两句的作用是：总结全文，引出下文。

8、借助连接词语做题。如强调点常在but, however等后面。 常考问题总结：主旨大意题

1. The story mainly tells us ________.

2. From the passage we know that ________. 3. The writer wants to tell us ________. 细节理解题

1 What is the book about?

2 When did the man come back?

3. The right order which gives us examples is ________. 推理判断题

1. We can infer from the passage ________. 2. From the passage, we can tell ________.

3. We can conclude from the passage ________.

4. What probably happened in the end?

5. When he said, “…”, he meant ________.

6. This passage would most likely to be found in ________. 7. When the writer says … he really means ________. 8. The author’s attitude to… is that ________.

9. What kind of atmospheredoes the writer want to create in this passage? 10. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is ________. 猜测词义句义题

1. The word… in paragraph… refers to ________. 2. The underlined word “…” means ________. 3. The word “…” could be replaced by ________. 长句分析

Many people find it helpful to plan each week a seven day timetable showing the occasions on which they will be working

privately and the particular subjects that they will be studying on each occasion as a result of great pressure they face with the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture.

阅读新题型7选5

一）考纲解读

本题型与以往考过的补全对话有相似之处，但又不完全一样，它是在短文中考查，而不是在对话中考查阅读与推理判断。它要求在准确阅读的基础上，将所缺的句子，而不是单个词，补上，使全文通顺，逻辑合理。 二）核心考点

1. 在缺句子的情况下，能基本理解全文大意。 2. 准确分析各选项的含义。 3. 逻辑推理能力。 4. 对文脉的把握。

三）方法：统一性；一致性。Tie？

1. 框架结构法； 2.中心统一法； 3. 替代法；4.指代法；5 平行结构法；6. 逻辑法；

第二部分：完形填空 完形填空题型的命题趋势

完形填空注重在语境中考查词汇的运用，尤其是同义词或是近义词在300词左右的文章中如何根据语篇内容的需要来比较取舍。因此，答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，有的则由语篇内容综合来决定。但是，从对近几年的高考试题分析来看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，超过了三分之一，反映出“突出语篇”的命题思路。命题者在设计完形填空题时，总是保留一个完整或基本完整的句子不设空，其目的在于让考生迅速进入主题，是为理解文章奠定基础。这个不没空的句子出现在文章的开头，起到提示作用。通过提示句，考生可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，也可以确定文体，从而适当地把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“完形”的目的。文章的其余部分也可能出现一些不设空的句子，或者即使设空、但主干作为提示句。文章标题和插图也都能起到提示的作用。因此，把握好文章提示句，通过已知信息捕捉未知信息，是我们接完形填空的关键所在。 命题特点

很多同学苦于完形填空没有合适的解题方法。常常听到同学们大考之后说“完形填空让我郁闷”。到底完形填空怎么做？用什么样的方法好？是师生共同探讨的问题。很多专家老师都对完形填空做过技巧方面的指导，说的也很是明白。但同学们还是在解题上困惑不已，拿不到高分。我想其中的因由是同学们还没认识到完形填空的考察要害，进而无从下手只有乱猜了。

知己知彼，百战不殆。我想同学们不妨和我一同来看看完形填空是怎样编出来的。了解了编题的思路，知道了设题的角度和选词的方向，我想同学们会理解我说的方法和技巧的。以下笔者选用2010年北京高考完形填空试题作为案例，总结分析高考完形填空考察的方向及规律，通过了解编题思路和角度，希望同学们从中找到适合自己的解题技巧。

为了同学们能更好的理解笔者意图，第一步：请先阅读原文。 I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an Unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, yet she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.

Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my opinion. She wanted to know how I thought we should handle things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew nothing about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her

questions. It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to form them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.

Mrs. Neidl's motto that year was, \"Try it. We can always paint over it later!\" I began to take risks. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be improved upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and confidently create something.

The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was recognized in the program

as \"Student Art Assistant\" because of the time and effort I'd put in. It was that year that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.

Being on that stage-design team with Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also discovered a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. She taught me not to care what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be afraid. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined possible. 本篇完形填空体现了一贯的命题特点：通过阅读文章让人们思考，得到一种启示。本篇文章叙述了一个故事：老师的不断鼓励和影响使作者本人获得了很大的成功。文章里讲述了老师不断的鼓励、点点滴滴的激励与一次一次的信任，永远相信文章主人公能做的很好。老师的这种言语和行为影响并改变了学生的一生。小小的故事折射出一个很大的道理：我们所有人都需要被鼓励、被信任、被永远地激励，这样我们才有动力、才有方向。故事理解起来并不难，难点在于字里行间怎么找到信息之间的联系。我们常说，二十个设题点，除了一些固定搭配以外（二十个里面一般就两三道题是固定搭配），剩下的设题点都可以在文章的上下文中找到信息依据，这是出题的特点，也是解题的依据。因此，在设题时我们得先找到字里行间有能够推出答案的信息依据。文章如果没有充足信息，又不是社会或自然常识，我们是不可以随便挖空设题的。这就是出题规律。

第二步：我们可以从选项的观察总结出另一个规律：文章词汇的考查以实词为主。 36. A. and B. yet C. so D. for

37. A. opinion B. impression C. information D. intention 38. A. make B. keep C. handle D. change 39. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 40. A. questions B. comments C. explanations D. remarks 41. A. hold B. follow C. evaluate D. form 42. A. happy B. lively C. reliable D. punctual 43. A. message B. motto C. saying D. suggestion 44. A. again B. more C. instead D. later 45. A. steps B. control C. charge D. risks 46. A. improved B. acted C. looked D. reflected 47. A. easily B. carefully C. confidently D. proudly 48. A. introduced B. recognized C. identified D. considered 49. A. confirmed B. decided C. realized D. acknowledged

50. A. with B. below C. of D. by

51. A. developed B. discovered C. took D. fostered 52. A. accept B. care C. judge D. wonder 53. A. bored B. lazy C. sad D. afraid . A. trust B. patience C. curiosity D. interest 55. A. accessible B. enjoyable C. possible D. favorable 名词/代词： 动词： 37，39，40，43，45 38，41，46，48，49，51，52， 42，44，47，53，55 36 50 5个设题点 8个设题点 5个设题点 1个设题点 1个设题点 形容词/副词： 连词： 介词： 实词考察文章的语义，连词和介词考察文章上下文的结构。这就给我们指出了解题的技巧：通读文章，把握全局，理解人意。快速浏览全文，弄清各段落之间的内在联系，把握文章的完整性以及理解作者的思想态度。只有这样才掌握了这种题型的解题思路。

第三步：分析设题的角度和思路。下文红色的部分是考试设题的地方，根据选项，我们做一下具体分析。 I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors.Almost instantly I loved her. (文章首句不设空，这是出题的原则之一。原因是要让学生根据首句的内容来了解文章中心，因此解题技巧一：揣摩文章首句把握文章中心。在解题时我们一定要注意首句的时态、语态及表述方式，判断文章体裁，找出文章中心，确定行文的逻辑思维，以帮助我们准确理解。)

She had an Unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, (36) yet she was encouraging and inspiring. (我们通过观察选项，四个词都是连词，所以必然考察上下文前后的关系。Unpleasant 和后文中的encouraging and inspiring形成对比，前后该是转折关系，yet自然最为合适。因此解题技巧二：上下连贯，合乎逻辑。捕捉信息，迅速找到语篇中特殊的内在逻辑关系，判断语句之间是哪中结构，因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词或动词、形容词、副词、同位语都是由前后关系的判断而来的，还有那些明确具体的事实，如时间、地点、人物、形状、色彩、顺序，以及它们之间的联系等等。)

For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me. Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my (37) opinion. (后文中的She wanted to know how I thought……明显的是在问一种观点，而非事实。Opinion和She wanted to know how I thought即为对应关系，是opinion的判断依据。另外，后文中She believed I had opinions也出现了opinion。这正印证了前文中提到的出题规律：设题点都可以在文章的上下文中找到信息依据，这是出题的特点，也是解题的依据。) She wanted to know how I thought we should (38)handle things. (handle这个词的选择要看下文全部内容，老师提出问题，期待我能够解决问题，就是在我一步一步解决问题的过程当中，老师的鼓励影响了我，激励了我。找不到具体的线索依据，要从文章整体理解的角度来判断。解题技巧三：从后推前，以前断后。)

At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew (39)nothing about stage design! (后文中But一词将前后语句的关系表明为对比，所以后文如果是肯定前文必然是否定，nothing的判断源于对but运用的理解。)

But I slowly began to respond to her(40)questions. (前文She wanted to know how I thought……明显的是在问一种观点，与question对应，respond to question也是个搭配。)

It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to (41)form them. (这里说出了一个现象：有原因就有结果，有结果就产生新的原因，之后又有新的结果，翻来覆去这样一个过程，而下面的叙述正是围绕着这个内容展开的。这就是文章的思路、脉络发展，围绕着这个线索我们去找答案。老师相信我有能够发表观点的能力，于是我开始尝试体现自己的能力。不能说老师相信我，我就有了能力，而应该是在老师的鼓励下开始一点点形成自己的观点。形成观点是一个慢慢的发展的过程。如果原来我有观点的话，我才能坚持我的观点，这样才能用动词hold或者是follow，在老师的鼓励之下我有了观点。是从无到有，而不是从有到坚持再有的过程，所以这里应该用form，而不是文章中出现的hold和follow。这道题在文章中的依据找起来不是那么的容易，它是文章隐含着的逻辑关系的理解，而且如果同学们找到了依据，又要涉及到词与词之间的辨析能力，因此同学们有了困惑了，难以判断。 解题技巧四：理解词语之间不同搭配的概念。

She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how(42)reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.(根据文章脉络发展，接下来老师信任我能够完成所有的事情，在老师充分的信任下我非常完美的完成了这项工作。老师喜欢我什么样的品质，这是需要填出的单词，依据在后面句子so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself里。于是我就开始经常的出现，画得越来越多。在老师的鼓励下，我越来越愿意参加这个事情。因此，老师表扬我什么，我会越来越愿意参加这个项目呢？四个词happy，lively，reliable，punctual中reliable是人具备的一种品质，happy，lively是人该有的性格，而punctual虽然也是人具备的一种品质，但是不能因为老师表扬我的punctual我就愿意出现在这个地方，这个思路不能与全文形成了一个合理的逻辑关系。只有老师表扬了我的reliable这种品质，表现出对我的信任，鼓励了我继续在老师这里出现。这是思维发展的正常道理，这就是原因和结果的体现。)

Mrs. Neidl's (43)motto that year was, (motto=\"Try it. We can always paint over it later !\"，很明显引号是解题的关键。

解题技巧五：不要放走任何已知信息，包括标点符号。)

\"Try it. We can always paint over it (44)later !\" (again强调频率，more强调数量，instead 表转折关系，而later强调时间，这里用later表达事情之后可以有弥补的机会，again只是频率的增加，无法表达出弥补的行为。)

I began to take(45)risks. (在老师名言的鼓励下不再害怕了，学生不再担心忧虑，打消自己的畏惧，敢于尝试了。这是让学生有信心，鼓励学生再去做事情。所以愿意冒险自然就是脉络发展的结果。)

I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be (46)improved upon. (这一段的中心是围绕打消自己内心的恐惧来展开的。因此出现了，我从此不怕失败，但不能说我不怕失败，我就是胜利了，这是不可能的。我要一步一步弥补自己的不足，我才能最终胜利；我不怕失败，但是我要进一步的改进自己、提高自

己，所以应该用动词improve。这完全是脉络发展的结果，我们到这只能选这个词。)

I learned to dip my brush into the paint and (47) confidently create something. (confidently的判断源于老师的鼓励。)

The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was(48)recognized in the program as \"Student Art Assistant\" because of the time and effort I'd put in. (recognized，identified和considered都可以和as连用，但意义不同。identify…as…把…作为…识别出来；consider…as…把…认为是…；recognized把…认作是…。这是词语之间的辨析。) It was that year that I (49)realizedI wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.(realize是事情经过一个过程的结果，只有经历了过程才能总结出道理。其他词汇表现不出发展的过程，只是具体动作。这也是词语之间的辨析。解题技巧六：词语之间的辨析要根据文章的内容发展和词汇的搭配来取舍。)

Being on that stage-design team (50)with Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. (这文章中唯一一道介词的考察，不能单独的将with从语法角度来理解，with这里还是要根据上下文表达来判断：和Mrs. Neidl的共处。)

Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also (51) discovered a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. (我不仅仅变得更加强大、有能力了，而且我也发现了我的兴趣点，我也发现了我未知的世界。不用developed，took和fostered是因为这里面的重点是强调我有能力了，而且我去发掘未知的世界，发现自己的兴趣，这里考察词语搭配是否符合文章脉络发展的需要。去挖掘和探索自己的兴趣和未知世界，用discover这个动词可以和后文的a strong interest and a world搭配。后面fostered是一个新添词汇，会是同学们解题的一个障碍。) She taught me not to (52) care what people think I should do: (前文中的She believed I had opinions, so I began to form them. 和此句话互为解释。解题技巧七：瞻前顾后，先易后难。在解题过程中，我们应该遵循“先易后难”的原则，遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前。为了不影响做题速度，我们可以暂时跳过难点，去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接具体的问题。或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文户就有暗示或明确的表示，或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。)

She taught me to take chances and not be (53) afraid. (前文I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be improved upon. 中有afraid判断依据。)

Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her ()trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined (55)possible. (这是文章结尾处，一般是文章主题所在，自然判断要靠近文章中心。前文She believed I had opinions, so I began to form them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.中多次提到trust，正是这种trust使不可能的事情成为了可能。解题技巧八：文章所有答案都要围绕中心选择，靠中心论答案。)

第四步：代入答案，复齐全文。完形填点难在文章思维脉络的发展上，考察同学们有没有按照作者的思路态度一步一步顺理成章的一脉相承的理解下来。很多同学错误的把自己的想法添加在解题的过程中，导致和作者的思路出现冲突。为避免出现这样的错误，复查时一定要从作者态度角度考虑，着眼于全篇。特别注意的是，我们所选的是“最佳”选项而不是“正确”答案。

I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an Unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, yet she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.

Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my opinion. She wanted to know how I thought we should handle things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew nothing about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her questions. It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to form them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how reliable I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.

Mrs. Neidl's motto that year was, \"Try it. We can always paint over it later !\"I began to take risks. I had been so

afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing--only things to be improved upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and confidently create something.

The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was recognized in the program

as \"Student Art Assistant\" because of the time and effort I'd put in. It was that year that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.

Being on that stage-design team with Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also discovered a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. She taught me not to care what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be afraid. Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her trust in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined possible.

以上给同学们破解了完形填空的出题方法。当然还有一些出题的原则和角度在本文中不能全部展示。因此，我将历年高考完形填空的出题规律简略总结如下。 1. 题材多为记叙文，且第一句不设空。

2. 每题四个选项一般为相同词类，语义范畴相同；选项之间不相互包容。

3. 干扰项设计周密，无纯粹语法考查；选项的用词避免重复，扩大考查词汇的覆盖面。 4. 辨析词义，以实词为主，考查特定语境中运用词汇的能力。 5. 试题的内容，语法结构，用词造句均不超过学生水平。 6. 试题突出语篇，强调语言运用能力。 三、解题方法技巧归纳

对以上总结的规律继续进一步的分析，我们不难寻到训练完形填空的方向，找到解决完形填空试题的对策： 1.短文的大意是正确答题的基础。

从每个小题的设计来看，属于句子层次(即只需读懂设空所在句便可找到答案)的题目所占比例极小。一般来说，需要通过上下文来考虑的题目每年要占70％以上，其中需要从全文角度考虑的占1／3以上，因此体现了NMET\"突出语篇\"的命题思路。设空分为三类：(1)前制性设空；(2)后制性设空；(3)语篇性设空。难度依次提高。

因此，解题时考生切忌没有全局观。有些小题的失误是因为考生没有充分考虑全文所描述的情景，下意识地只盯住某句话，甚至是半句话去理解所致。做题时必须始终注意联系上下文的线索去判断，有时前面的空需要根据后面所述情况，甚至是最后一句话才能得出正确答案。后面的空则需要联系前面的内容做出正确判断。从近年来的高考试题看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，超过了三分之一，反映出\"突出语篇\"的命题思路。针对这一现象,通读全文，掌握大意，理清各种角色是最好的办法。

一般的完形填空会选择记叙文。记叙文，顾名思义，就是记人叙事的文章。英语记叙文的涵盖面比较宽泛。记叙文一般具有时间(time)，地点(place)，人物(character)，事件(event)，原因(cause)和结果(outcome)六个要素。实际上就是中文的记叙文的六要素。通常有两个或两个以上的角色，作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的，即便是对同样做错事或傻事的人作者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。 2.首先读好短文首句，把握全篇，琢磨文章要讲什么

完形填空的首句为我们提供了信息，而且是完整的信息，有时候就是第一段或整篇文章的主题句。认真阅读首句是做完形填空最重要的一步，很多考生认为第一句又没有空，我读它干什么？这种想法是错误的。完形填空一般无标题，首句作为一个完整的句子，信息从此开始。 3.读懂作者对人物或事件的态度

在高考完形填空中，也考查学生对文段作者的主导思想，被描写人物谈话中流露的情绪和性格倾向等方面的理解。要求学生要由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思。真正地理解作者的思想观点态度。特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情态度观点的词语。同时还要结合平时积累的有关英语语言国家的文化传统，风俗习惯等背景知识来识别。认真深刻地领会作者的观点态度意图。 4.注意连词的提示

对整个文章语篇水平的理解能力的考查往往通过要求考生填写相应的连接词或者同义词、反义词等方式来体现出来。只有我们对整个文章有了一个总体印象之后，我们才能做到做题时游刃有余。其他的关于文章逻辑关系,同义词和程度词之间区别的填空都与考生对作者的观点和态度以及文章的结构等综合理解水平密切相关，所以，对文章的语篇的理解是做任何一个完形填空题的基础。考查学生对某一个段落或者某几个句子之间的逻辑关系的理解和把握，尤其是句与句之间的逻辑关系的理解。句与句之间的逻辑关系主要有：并列关系(and，while)；转折关系(but, however, though, whereas, yet, otherwise, nevertheless)；顺序关系(before, after, then, finally等)；让步关系(although, despite等)；因果关系(so, thus, for等)；解释关系(i.e.，that is to say等)；条件关系

(if, in case等)。递进关系(moreover, besides, furthermore, what's more, in addition to, as well as…) 5.同学们平时应该尽可能加强泛读，培养用英语思维的良好习惯，多查英语词典扩充词汇。

多用英英或英汉双解字典。这样有利于培养英语的语感。其实中英文完全等同的单词极少。若记单词只死记中文词义，则往往分辨不清其含义与用法上的区别。另外，记忆单词要在句子中去理解，在文章当中体会其应用。命题人通常利用汉语词义相近的一些单词设计选项，所以考生应该通过增强自己的语感，准确理解词义来答题。

综上所述，完形填空作为一种综合性测试题型，覆盖了词汇，语法，阅读理解，写作等考试目标的全部内容。练习完形填空就是进行强制性的阅读训练，逐步培养边读边预测或猜测，验证或推理的积极思维的良好阅读习惯，还能逐步掌握猜词的策略，最终使得猜测演变成为下意识的心理活动,从而促成良好的阅读习惯。在备考期间，大量练习完形填空，体会完形填空的解题思路和技巧，只有大量的语言实践之后，才能提高应试能力，不仅能提高这部分的得分，更重要的是有助于提高其它题型的得分，还能养成良好的学习习惯，全面提高英语水平。

第三部分：英语写作指导仔细阅读考试说明

英语应用文写作虽然难度不大，但对中学生来说不一定很容易，很多学生缺乏真实生活体验，没有做事经历或经验，不擅长交际性强的应用文写作。而且，之前练习的都是议论性的开放作文，从语言储备上，对应用文写作储备不足。在下一阶段的复习应该帮助学生系统复习应用文写法和常见表达法或句式的使用。

常见的应用文类型有： 感谢信 通知 邀请信 道歉信 信件类 申请信 祝贺信 慰问信 投诉信 咨询信

其他类别 海报 广告 招领 演讲稿 留言条 发言稿 电子邮件 1.书面表达七忌

一、忌跑题

任何作文之大忌莫过于跑题，因而，文不对题的作文失分最严重。往往表现为文体与要求不和、内容与要求不和、忽略细节要求。因此，同学们应仔细审题，并抓住所要表达的各个内容要点，切不可捕风捉影、粗枝大叶。为慎重起见，审题时首先要弄清题目的主要内容是什么，然后再考虑一下该用什么形式来表达，是书信、日记还是通知、小故事等等，做到胸中有数。 二、忌层次不清，前后脱节

审完题后，不少同学们虽已知道了要写的内容，却不能合理地组织所给的材料，东一句、西一句，写得支离破碎，文理不通，让人不知所云。要避免这一现象，同学们最好能迅速地列出要点，在这个过程中，要考虑一下先写什么，后写什么，句与句之间，段与段之间最好能使用一些能清晰表达逻辑结构的连接词或句子，如first of all , above all , secondly , next , besides , in a word , at last , the most important point is that…等等，使文章过渡自然、流畅，做到前后连贯、层次分明、有条不紊。 三、忌喧宾夺主，画蛇添足

书面表达必须严格按试题所提供的要求去写，需要表达的内容要点不可偷工减料、随便删减，也不能随意增添。切不可凭自己的想象任意发挥，下笔千言，离题万里，把没用的内容写了很多，却漏掉了规定的内容、要点，或把次要的内容当作主要内容来写，主次不分。也有的同学们把没有必要写的东西写得过多，超过了规定字数，结果弄巧成拙，也是要扣分的。 四、忌生编硬造，表达不清

有些同学们常常不顾英语语法的习惯表达，自行编出一些貌似正确，实则错误的词组或句子。例如：想表达“我不知道要怎样对付那台收音机”时，会写出“I don’t know how to do with the radio”，而正确的表达应是“I don’t know what to do with the radio”。在写英语句子时为了表达准确，要尽量避免语法、词汇及拼写方面的错误。使用动词时，应注意语态、时态在人称和数上与主语的一致。应注意名词使用中的单、复数问题，是否要用冠词以及形容词或副

词在句中的位置问题，介词的搭配问题等。使用复合语句时尤其要注意关联词的适当应用，如because , although , no matter , both…and , either…or , not only…but also等等。 五、忌死钻“牛角尖”

钻“牛角尖”不能自拔，一会导致浪费时间，二会造成句意表达不准确，三会影响做题情绪。因此，一定要有灵活性，在牢固掌握基本知识和句型的基础上，应尽量做到较高层次上的僵而不死，活而不乱。例如：想表达“准备”，而又不会“prepare”时，可用短语“get ready to”来代替。 六、忌不做检查，草草结束

写出来的东西，很可能有不正确、不恰当的地方，因此，在答完卷时，至少应从以下几个方面认真检查： 1．看叙事是否具体，是否符合中心需要, 对照题目要求，看全部要点是否都已包括进去，有无遗漏或误解。 2．看段落是否分明，层次是否清楚。

3．看句子是否完整、连贯、通顺，语句是否有毛病。 4．看是否运用了较多的语法结构和词汇。 5．看是否有效使用了语句间的连接成分。 6．看内容要点有无遗漏，是否精练。

7．看句子是否有动词，时态语态是否正确，主谓是否一致。 8．看标点符号的使用是否正确。 9．文体格式是否正确规范.

另外，做书面表达题时，同学们还应注意下面五个问题：

1.文体、格式一定要写准。日记、通知、书信都有它特有的格式，不可混杂。

2.书面表达题如果是控制性写作，不要脱离要点、随心所欲地乱写，也不能按照提示逐字逐句地翻译。 3.不要乱用词句，尤其应避免用汉语的习惯去堆砌词汇，应使用地道的英语表达方式。

4.切忌把书面表达题放在最后几分钟来做。考试时间非常紧张，必须科学地分配时间，有的同学们前面的试题耗时太多，以致在考试结束铃响了时才匆匆忙忙地去写几句，这乃同学们之大忌。

5.誊写到答卷纸上时，一定要注意书写必须整洁、规范，尽量美观。因为书面表达是主观性试题，在实际评卷中，它的评分结果常受到评卷人情绪及第一印象的影响，更何况新的评分标准明确规定了对书写的要求。

总之，对照新的评分标准，同学们在做书面表达题时，应摒弃“只求达，不求雅”的传统观念，大胆运用复杂句式（但不可滥用），尽量使用不同的句子结构，努力确保行文的连贯流畅。 七、忌不美观整洁的书写 对于英语学科，最能体现同学们卷面水准的应算是该题型。该题型是指导性作文，内容几乎是千篇一律，而不像语文作文那样会更多地产生漂亮的语言。如何抓住阅卷人的心理，使他们乐意阅卷，愿意给分呢。该题型的外表———书写，应该是第一要素。千万不要让阅卷人阅了别人的上份卷后（很漂亮整洁），“哗“地翻到你这份卷，突然心里产生了很大的落差，这样结果就不太妙，试想：谁愿意在那种环境下接受一份表面糟糕的试卷？记住：每一位阅卷老师也是具有强烈情感的常人！

如何做到卷面书写过关？我想，好多同学由于初中刚学英语时任课老师的不严格要求，导致进入高中，特别是高三后，基本上是木已成舟，大幅度的改变很难，但我们可以从另一方面来突破。不可能每位同学的字母都写得非常到位、漂亮，但原则上要做到工整、清洁，突出整体美感，即平时多使用与高考相接近的两线格作业本来进行这方面的英语作文训练，尽量少使用四线格作业本。另外，注意每个单词内字母与字母的间距，不能太小，扭成一团；单词与单词的间距，不要太宽，导致规定的格子不够写。特别是一些字母，如f、g、q、p等需写得稍长的字母，千万也不要拖拉得太长，导致给人一种凌乱的感觉。至于用笔，也会或多或少地影响卷面，如使用圆珠笔，需选好，使用流畅明晰的笔，不要用那种下油不均的笔，给人一种模糊不清之感。如果书写不够非常漂亮，最好少使用黑水，多用蓝水。另外，还要注意不同钢笔尖所写出来的字粗细程度不同，这要依照自己一贯写出来的单词大小来决定。

2. 书面表达常用短语

一、学校生活及学习成绩类 be absorbed in…对……入迷 bury oneself in…对……入迷

give an excellent performance before the whole class

在全班面前好好表现一番

acquire (obtain) knowledge学习知识 put one’s heart into…一心扑在……上

be interested in…对……感兴趣 be fond of…喜欢/爱好…… like chemistry best最喜欢化学 be good at…擅长…… be poor at…不擅长……

do well in…（在考试、竞赛中）取得好成绩；不得不错 be weak in…不擅长……

make progress in…在……方面取得进步 fail in…考试不及格

be tired of…对……感到厌烦/厌倦 pass the examination通过考试 major in history主修历史

be getting on well with one’s study

（某人）学业进展得很好

take several courses at school在学校上几门课 have English(Chinese, Physics…)every (other)day

每天（隔一天）上英语（中文、物理）课…… work hard at (Physics, Chemistry)…努力学习（物理、化学）

二、师生关系类

give sb. a passing grade给予某人及格的分数

examine the students’ homework检查学生的作业 stand on the platform站在讲台上 get on well with sb.与某人相处得很好 raise a question提问

like to be with student喜欢与学生相处 be gentle with us对我们很友善 be kind to sb.对某人和蔼

be a strict teacher是一个严厉的老师

be strict with one’s pupils对学生要求严格 be strict in work对工作要求严格

We think of(sb./sth.)as…把（某人或某事）当作…… help sb. with sth.用……帮助某人 praise sb. for sth.由于某事赞扬某人 blame sb. for sth.为（某事）责备某人

give sb. advice on sth.在……方面给某人建议

三、课外活动及周末生活类 have a swim游泳

have dances on weekends参加周末舞会 have a picnic over the weekend周末去野餐 go to the cinema去看电影 have a party聚会，开晚会

hold a sports meeting举行运动会

spend one’s time in many different ways 以多种不同的方式消磨时间

enjoy doing things by oneself喜欢独自做某事 go swimming 去游泳 go for an outing去远足

He has the best record in school.他的学习成绩最棒。 live up to one’s hope不辜负某人的期望 get a doctor’s degree获得博士学位 be interested in sth.对……感兴趣 learn about…

学习到/知道（某学科知识）/听到，听说/获悉/了解到 succeed in…

在（某方面）成功；在（在某事）上获得成功

be active in class(work)在课堂上（工作中）表现积极 take an active part in…积极参加…… learn sth. by heart谙记某事，牢记在心

work out a (maths)problem解决一个（数学）问题 improve oneself in…在某方面提高自己

get 90 marks for (English)(英语)考试取得90分 get an” A” in the exam在考试中得到“A” have a good command of…精通…… lay a good foundation in(language study) 在（语言学习）方面奠定一个好的基础

question sb. on…就……质问某人 be satisfied with…对……满意

correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day仔细批改学生的作业并为明天备课 give sb. a lot of work给某人很多工作

try to teach sb. to develop good study habits 努力教某人养成良好的学习习惯

make one’s lessons lively and interesting 使课堂生动并且吸引人 teach sb. sth.教某人某事

teach sb to do sth.教某人做某事 devote all one’s time to work

将自己所有的时间都投入工作之中

admire (sb. for)his devotion to the cause of education 佩服某人对于教育事业的献身精神

have an outing at (the seashore)去（海边）度假 see the sights of Beijing 在北京观光 play the piano(violin)弹钢琴（小提琴） play chess (basketball)下棋（打篮球） do some reading阅读

help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事

enjoy a family trip享受一次家庭旅游

get everything ready for为……准备做好一切

ride one’s bike with sb. the park与某人骑车去公园

There are a lot of actives at the beach.海滨有很多活动。 We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.

我们享受一种都市繁忙生活之外的变化。 She would like to bring sth. to the picnic. 她愿意为野餐带点东西。

四、彼此沟通信息类

tell sb to do sth.告诉某人做某事 get information about…了解……

express one’s idea（feelings）in English 用英语表达自己的思想（情感）

write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说…… apologize to sb. for…为……向某人道歉 thank you for…感谢你……

make a speech at the meeting在会议上发表讲演

五、事件中人的态度类

feel bored(embarrassed, nervous, carefree) 觉得很枯燥（尴尬、紧张、无忧无虑） would like to do愿意做某事 be unforgettable是难以忘怀的 show sb one’s thanks表示感谢 have fears for感到害怕

My heart beats fast.心跳加速

hesitate for a few minutes犹豫了几分钟

give sb a meaningful smile冲某人意味深长的一笑 allow sb. to do允许某人做某事

keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 call on sb. to do sth.号召某人做某事

be afraid to do(be afraid of )sth.害怕/担心某事 feel like doing sth.愿意做……

六、事情过程类

be woken up by the telephone被电话吵醒 set out without a delay一点没耽误地出发了 do. sth as usual像平常一样做某事

do what he wants us to do做他想让我们做的事 set about doing sth.开始做某事

try one’s best to do sth.=go all out to do sth.尽力做某事get into trouble陷入困境

help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难；帮忙

do one’s bit for New China为新中国做份内之事 have the habit of doing sth.有做某事的习惯 have no trouble doing sth.做某事没困难 make up one’s mind to do sth.下决心做某事 prepare sb. for sth.准备/预备让某人干某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事

wait for sb. to do sth.等待某人去做某事 find a way to do sth.找到做某事的方法

七、感官活动与思维活动类

It was a very relaxing Sunday.这是一个很轻松的星期日。 There are good programs on TV on weekends 周末有好的电视节目

take a message for sb.给某人带口信 send a message to sb.给某人送口信

hear from sb.从（某人处）听说，收到某人的信 talk about /of sth.谈论某事

explain sth. to do向某人解释某事 look upon sb as…把某人认作…… think sb. to be…认为某人是……

take sb’s side站在某人一边；支持某人

insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 drive sb. off赶走某人

speak highly of sb.高度赞扬某人 speak ill of sb.诽谤某人

think highly of sb.对某人评价很高 force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事 offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 regret doing sth.遗憾做过某事

prefer to do A rather than do B喜欢做A胜过做B had better do sth.最好做某事

would rather(not)do sth.更（不）愿意做某事

make friends with sb.与某人交朋友 show(tell)sb. how to do sth.

向某人展示（讲述）如何做某事 take(send)sb to…带（送）某人到…… I’m trying to find…我正努力发现……

I’m afraid we are out of…我担心我们失去…… pass the time doing sth.做某事消磨时间 fell a little excited about doing sth. 对做某事感到有点兴奋

can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事

do some good deeds to people为人民做好事 be prepared for more hard work 准备好应付更多的艰苦的工作

Some are doing A, other are doing B, and still others are doing C.一些人做A，另外一些人做B，还有一些人做C。

be pleased with…对……感到高兴 be delighted in doing…做某事很愉快

take a pleasure in doing sth.作某事很高兴 be worried about sth.担心某事 feel surprised at…对……感到惊讶 be sorry for…对……抱歉

be angry with sb. for sth.为某事对某人发怒 be angry about…为某事生气

look forward to doing…期盼做某事 wish to do sth.希望做某事 expect to do sth.期待做某事

long for(long to do)sth.渴望做某事 be sick for one’s home怀念家乡

have a strong desire to do sth.对做某事有强烈的愿望

八、健康状况及治疗类 develop a disease得病

enjoy good health身体健康 be in good shape身体好

be in good(poor)health身体健康（不健康） feel weak(well, terrible, sick)

感到身体虚弱（不错，糟糕，恶心） have got a high(slight)fever发高（低）烧

have a slight (bad)cold得了轻微（严重）的感冒

look around for…（在某地）查找/搜寻…… look up (down)at…往上（朝下）看…… catch sight of…看见…… take a look at…看一眼……

hear sb. do(doing)sth.听某人做某事 take notice of…注意到……

take view of…评价某事（某物）

have a good understanding of…对……能很好地理解 consider sb.(sth.)to be…

认为某人（某物）是……；把…当作某人（某物） come to know…开始认识到…… realize that+从句 认识到…… know that+从句 知道……

take one’s temperature量体温

have got a pain in…（身体某部位）感到疼痛 be good(bad)for one’s health(eyes) 对某人的健康（视力）有益（害） It’s nothing serious.没什么严重的。 stay in bed until…躺在床上一直到…… save one’s life救某人的性命

九、信件开头常用语类

I was delighted to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信

Your letter came to me this morning.我今天上午收到了你的来信

It was a great pleasure to learn that you’ve been collected president of the Student Union, and I would like to express to my warmest congratulations.听说他当选学生会，我非常高兴并向你表示最热烈的祝贺。 I have received your letter of July the 29th.我已经收到了你7月29号的来信。

I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.我给你写信是想打听下星期一讲座的事。 I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.我给你写信是想问你下个星期能不能来？

How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.光阴似箭，我们已经三个月没见面了。 Thank you for your letter.谢谢你给我写的信。

In reply to your letter about the exhibition this year…现在回答你信中关于今年的展览事宜 Let me tell you that…让我告诉你……

十、信件结尾常用语类

Tom joins me in sending all good wishes to you and your family.我和汤姆祝福你们全家。 I imagine we’ll see you again, so I’ll end for now.我想我们很快就会见面的，就写到这儿吧。 Please remember me to your whole family.请代我向你全家问好。 Give my best regards(wishes)to your mother.请代我向你妈妈致意。 Best wishes致以最良好的祝愿。 With love爱你的

Wish you a pleasant journey.祝你旅途愉快。 Wish you success.祝你成功。

Wish you the best of health(luck).祝你健康（好运）。

Looking forward to your next visit to China.盼望你再次访问中国。

Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.盼望能够高兴地见到你。 Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.希望能尽快收到你的来信。

十一、问路和应答类

Go down this street.沿这条街道向前走。 Turn right/left at the first crossing. 在第一个十字路口向右/左拐。

It’s about…meters from here. 距此地有……米远。 Go straight ahead till you see…

十二、其他类

There is something wrong with………有问题 It happens that…碰巧……

It has been… since…自……以来已经……

It take sb. some time to do sth.某人花费一些时间做某事 A is four times as big as B.A是B的4倍大。 It is said that… 据说…… be fit for…适合于…… be short of缺乏

be well dressed打扮得很漂亮

miss the lecture（train）错过演讲（火车） be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 change…into…把……变成

waste time doing sth.浪费时间做某事

一直往前走，直到你看见…… You can’t miss it.你一定会找到的。 at front of/behind…在……之前/之后 at the corner在拐角处

Pass two blocks.经过两个街区

spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事

have no choice but to do sth.除了做某事外，别无选择 I can’t help it.我无法抑制自己。 be in need of…需要/缺少…… be mistaken about…把……搞错 fall behind落后于（……） catch up with…紧跟/追赶…… on behalf of代表

be welcome to do sth.欢迎做某事

Running, cycling and swimming are popular in summer. 跑步、骑自行车和游泳在夏天很受欢迎。 Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports. 滑雪和滑冰是我最喜欢的冬季体育项目。

3.文章流畅的关键

文章层次分明、段落连贯需要过渡词。过度词可以承上启下表明句子之间的关系。 几种常用的过渡词，根据需要我们可将它们置于句首、句中或句末。 写作中常用过渡语：

一、文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语 1．therefore, thus,“因此”

例（1）Therefore, it takes longer time and more energy to communicate in written English than in oral English. 例（2）Thus, taking morning exercises regularly may reduce the chances of getting sick. 2.in conclusion,“最后”

例（1）In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from the war. 例（2）In conclusion, universities should give larger amount of money to libraries. 3.in brief, in a nutshell,“简言之”

例（1）In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China. 例（2）In a nutshell, we should develop a good habit of study. 4.to sum up,“总而言之”

例（1）To sum up ,out of sight, out of mind.

例（2）To sum up, equality continues to be the goal of the world women. 5.in a word,“总之”

例（1）In a word, country life is more beneficial to city life

例（2）In a word, exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age. 注：要避免在这些短语之前用“so”！

二、常见的表示先后次序的过渡词语

1.first,“第一” 6.afterward,“以后”、“随后” 2.second,“第二” 7.meanwhile,“同时” 3.next,“其次”“然后” 8.therefore,“因而” 4.eventually,“最后”、“最终” 9.immediately,“立刻” 5.since then,“自此之后”

例（1）Meanwhile ,the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensued. 例（2）Afterward, they began to examine more closely the working of human mind.

例（3）The investment environment has been improved; therefore, joint ventures boost in this country. 例（4）Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations. 例（5）Finally, the country must not again go through the war.

三、常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语 1.accordingly,“于是” 6.so,“所以” 2.for this reason,“由于这个原因” 7.due to,“由于……” 3.as a result,“由……结果……” 8.therefore,“因而” 4.in this way,“这样” 9.because of,“因为” 5.consequently,“结果”、“因此” 10.thus,“这样” 例（1）The computer cost a lot of money, accordingly, it should perform perfectly. 例（2）It rained, for this reason, the game was cancelled.

例（3）As a result of his good performance in the college, he was given an excellent job. 例（4）Due to the change, a visit to the factory has been cancelled.

例（5）The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.

四、常用比较和对比的过渡词语 1.in contrast with…,“与之相比” 5.different from…,“与……不同” 2.similarly,“同样” 6.likewise,“同样” 3.whereas,“然而” 7.equally important,“同样重要” 4.on the contrary,“相反” 8.on the other hand.“另一方面”例（1）Plenty of food must be packed for the journey; similarly, warm clothes will also be needed. 例（2）I, on the contrary, envy you because you can choose your work.

例（3）The annual death rate in U.S. is 11 per 1000, whereas that of Latin America is 23 per 1000. 例（4）In contrast with your belief that we shall fail, I know we shall succeed. 例（5）Different from Jane, Mary is interested in maths.

五、常用表示举例的过渡词 1.a case in point,“恰当的例子” 3.namely（等于“that is”）“即，这就是说” 2.for example,“举例” 4.for instance,“举例” 例（1）The means of production, namely, factories, mines and land should be improved. 例（2）A lot of people here, like Tom for example, would rather stay at home watching TV. 例（3）A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River.

六、常用表示强调的过渡词语 1.furthermore,“此外” 6.indeed,“的确” 2.moreover,“而且” 7.again,“另外”、“还” 3.besides,“此外” 8.in particular,“尤其，特别” 4.in fact,“实际上” 9.naturally,“当然，自然，必然”5.also“而且”、“也”

例（1）Her intentions were good. Besides, it was pleasant to be with her. 例（2）Naturally, he denied that he had committed the crime.

例（3）In fact, every one needs friends both in his life and work.

例（4）The house isn’t big enough for us; furthermore, it is too far from the town. 例（5）Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air.

4.使句子多样化的技巧

一篇文章不能使用有限的几个句型，那会使文章单调；而使用多种多样的句型能使文章具有节奏感、新鲜感。 一、强调的使用

强调句是通过调整句子语序而达到强调目的的。

借助一些加强词可起到强调作用。利用修辞手法加强句子，如夸张、重复、对偶、反语等。 主语后移 It makes no difference whether we stay or leave. 我们留下或离开都一样。

It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes． 对顾客来说，不让店主猜到她心里喜欢的商品是关系到体面的事。 宾语后移 We consider it necessary for her to do it all over again． 我们认为让她再做一遍是有必要的。

One finds it a bore doing pattern drills．练习句型很无聊。 被动结构 The program was designed by a very little boy. 这个程序是一个小男孩设计的。

The gun powder was invented by Chinese． 火药是中国人发明的。 倒装句 1.常见的一种方法是以否定词开始句子，以助动词（do，did，can，have)强调句子的不同部分。 Seldom has a city gained such world renown 很少有城市在世界上这么出名。

No sooner had he opened the gate from outside than he came into the garden and waited until someone let him out.

他一从外面打开大门就进了花园，一直等到有人把他放出去。 2.其他倒装强调形式

Under the large stone lies the treasure.财宝就放在大石头下面。 Only five men did he see．他只看到了五个人。 A liar he is．他是个大骗子。 强调句 1) It is/was + that/who 结构

It was the new method that they used. 他们用的是新方法。

2) 冒号和破折号后面也是加强的部分

They think they got their little secret tucked away，and so they have --- except now.他们觉得把秘密隐藏了，他们也确实做到了，除了现在。 3)双重否定

There is no rule that has exceptions． 事事都有例外。

4)利用进行时态表示强调，带有感情色彩和力量。

The woman is always bragging about her three daughters． 这女人就爱夸耀自己的3个女儿。 。

二、长短句结合。

避免使用一系列的简单句。把简单句要表达的意思用并列结构和从属结构表现出来。

I have been away from my hometown only for three years. I canhardly recognize it. (简单句) Although I have been away from my hometown for only threeyears, I can hardly recognize it. (复杂句)

虽然我离开家乡只有3年，但我几乎认不出它来了。

In spite of being away from my hometown for only threeyears, I can hardly recognize it. (简单句)

三、以同位语、短语和非谓语动词开始句子。

With fear end expectation they waited by the telephone. (介词短语)带着恐惧和企盼他们在电话旁等待着。

Strangely enough, he cannot speak a word of English, havinglived in Australia for such a long time. (副词短话)奇怪，他在澳大利亚呆了这么久，竞连一句英语也不会讲。

Looking out of the train window, we found a completely differentscenery. (现在分词)从车窗向外望去，我们看到了完全不同的景色。

Susan,adedicated naturalist,spent years studying birds andplants on the island. (同位语)苏珊是一位敬业的博物学家，她在岛上生活多年研究鸟类和植物。 To see his work applied to people's life is the happiest thing forhim. (不定式)看到自己的研究应用到人们的生活中，这是他最幸福的事儿了。

四、使用there be结构

There were times when we had nothing to eat in the house． 过去有时候家里一点儿吃的都没有。

There seems something wrong with the bike． 自行车好像有点毛病。

There appears to be some evidence of a genetic link to alcoholabuse． 有证据说明酗酒与遗传有关。

There can be no doubt about the answer． 这个答案毫无疑问。

五、用It作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。 seem，appear，常与it／there连用

It's a shame that you caught the flu and missed so many classes. 你得了感冒还耽误了这么多的课，真遗憾。 It appeared that Jane had lost her way． 简好像是迷路了。

It seems that Louisa doesn’t hateus after all． 看起来路易莎并不恨我们。

It is no use for us to try this again． 我们再试也没有什么用处了。

六、用副词引导句子

Unfortunately, a number of more serious problems remain to besolved． 不幸的是，一些更为严重的问题还没有得到解决。

Actually，he is the son of a farmer．其实，他是农民的儿子。

Essentially, thepoor people there need food to survive ratherthan computers． 本质上讲，那儿的穷人更需要粮食生存，而非电脑。 Frankly speaking，he cheated in the examination． 坦率地说，他考试作弊了。

七、排比的用法

排比是将语法结构对称、意义并重，语气一致的两个或两个以上的单词、词组、从句或句子并列起来，以增强语势。

1．单词平行

The young actor was tall，dark，and handsome． 这位青年演员高大，黝黑，英俊。

We waited for hours at the airport，reading and sleeping． 我们在机场等了几个小时，看看书，睡睡觉。 2．短语平行

This is a government of the people，by the people，for thepeople. 这个属于人民，来自人民，服务于人民。

To support his family and to put himself through college，he worked ten hours a day．为了支撑家庭并念完大学，他一天工作十小时。 3．句子平行

There is no reason for us to be enemies；neither of us seeks theterritory of the other；neither of us seeks domination over theother；neither of us seeks to stretch out our hands and rule theworld． 我们没有理由成为敌人；我们谁也不觊觎对方的领土；谁也不企图征服对方；谁也不妄想统治世界。 Their sun-burned faces were dark, end their sun-whipped eyeswere light. 他们被烈日炙烤的脸是黝黑的，被阳光灼热的眼神是质朴的。

八、状语使用得好，句子的质量就会大幅度地提高。多用介词短语引导状语，少用状语从句。

We went to visit the factory．在该句的基础上加上hoping to discover how a watch is being made，使其呈现出We went to visit the factory，hoping to discover how a watchis being made．的句式，其语言质量无疑提高了很多。 Suzhou is a beautiful city. It attracts a lot of visitors each day from both China and foreign countries.如果我们用状语将两句合并Suzhou is a beautiful city, attracting thousands of visitors each day from both the domestic andforeign countries.就充分发挥了状语的作用。