英语国际音标发音
一、英语字母与英语音素：
1.英语中有26个字母，其中5个元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。 它们的音标分别是： /ei/, /i:/, /ai/, / əʊ /, /ju:/。剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。 2. 英语音素：48个。元音音素：20个，辅音音素：28个。 3. 元音音素：12个单元音，8个双元音。 4. 单元音：
前元音：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /æ/ 中元音：/ʌ/ / ɜ: / /ə/ 后元音 : / / ɒ / /u: / /ʊ/ / ɑ:/ 5. 双元音：
合口双元音：/ɑʊ/ /əʊ/ /ɑI/ /ↄI/ /eI/ 集中双元音：/Iə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ 6. 辅音：
英语爆破辅音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
英语摩擦辅音：/f/ /v/ /ө/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ӡ/ /h/ /r/ 英语破擦辅音：/ʧ/ /ʤ/ 英语鼻音辅音：/m/ /n/ /ƞ/ 英语舌侧辅音：/ l/ /ł/ 英语半元音：/w/ /j/
英语辅音连缀： /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/
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二、英语音素与练习： （1）元音音素： 1. 单元音： 前元音：
/i:/：me, he, be, bee, see, sea, tea, she, tree, three, eat, meat, meet,
green, jeans, between, teenager, fifteen, meal, sheep, east, need, feel, peach, each, teach, teacher, meter, sweet, see, week, weak, weekend, read, fever, clean, easy, speech, feed, leave, agree, keep, people, free, speak, season, reason,
/I/ : in, this, will, his, six, miss, pink, sing, ill, kill, still, ticket, sit, it, bit,
pick, sick, did, chick, lip, fish, milk, swim, ship, quick, lip, big, fill, pig, sister, dinner, wind, window, skipping, clinic, thin, rich, busy, wish, dish, finish, little, sing, spring, city, delicious
/e/ : get, let, pet, desk, yes, chess, next, text, best, met, pen, pencil, bed,
west, guest, tennis, egg, red, net, rest, set, test, wet, lend, mend, tell, well, fell, letter, sweater, head, bench, bread, , ten, seven, end, medicine, help, check, yes, then, menu, never, ever, lesson, very, says, said, many,any
/æ/： fat, map, and, land, man, plan, bag, cat, apple, fan, Japan, dad,
sad, sand, lad, stamp, black, hat, cap, ambulance, angry, have, catch, carry, stand, travel, hand, rabbit, animal, lamp, cabbage, family, dragon, Africa, bank, Saturday, can, candy, camera, act, happy, candle, than, that, thank, glad, matter, bad, happen, handsome, math, taxi, 中元音：
/ʌ/ ：but, come, cut, must, bus, us, up, color, mother, such, uncle, duck,
luck, lucky, fun, funny, sun, sunny, love, worry, son, brother,
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other, another, study, lunch, Sunday, under, umbrella, number, nothing, wonderful, run, running, young, cover, above, money, much, cup, cousin, monkey, Monday, summer, brush, trouble, something, some, just, supper, country,
/ɜ:/ ：girl, shirt, bird, skirt, nurse, work, worker, first, thirteen, third,
thirty, dirty, thirsty, worth, birth, birthday, circle, world, her, early, turn, person, Thursday, worm, prefer, certain, temperature, heard, learn, earth,
/ə/： teacher, mother, father, sister, brother, farmer, driver, singer,
dancer, worker, answer, under, visitor, waiter, writer, bigger, winter, soldier, meter, theater, manager, cleaner, ruler, eraser, woman, picture, future, camera, tiger, actor, China, number, after, 后元音：
/ↄ: / ：four, for, short, door, floor, more, before, wall, call, all, tall, ball,
draw, saw, horse, or, daughter, report, reporter, boring, warm, talk, your, north, forty, sport, autumn, fall, important, bought, thought, ought, because, corn, corner, born, store, score, / ɒ / ：box, dog, doctor, doll, often, lot, top, boss, chopstick, shop, job,
sock, office, coffee, got, golf, long, hospital, orange, lost, bottle, crocodile, tomorrow, borrow, cost, hot, on, wash, watch, song, follow, what, stop, fox, frog, wallet, not, sorry,
/u: / ：too, zoo, room, pool, food, goose, tooth, school, stool, soon,
moon, kangaroo, cool, noon, tool, fool, broom, cartoon, choose, shoot, afternoon, juice, blue, noodles, true, truth, fruit, shoes, through, lose, group, do, ruler, two,
/ʊ/ ：good, cook, took, book, foot, stood, wood, look, wool, classroom,
bathroom, bedroom, mushroom, boyhood, woman, put, full, notebook, could, would, should, wolf, sugar, push,
oo字母组合发短音的常见8个单词：
A good cook took a book, his foot stood by the wood and looked.
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好厨师拿书，脚站树林看。
/ ɑ:/：far, father, glass, grass, garden, car, farm, farmer, large, ask, fast,
bath, party, arm, are, star, start, bar, part, heart, dark, last, park, guitar, giraffe, market, card, banana, basket, basketball, class, hard, art, artist, pass, park, laugh,
2. 双元音： 合口双元音：
/eI/ ：table, plate, cake, radio, beefsteak, take, make, same, name,
play, great, stay, day, say, today, birthday, may, place, space, eight, wait, waiter, maybe, pain, again, save, way, always, case, gray, afraid,
/əʊ/ ：go, ago, so, no, nose, home, those, rose, hope, alone, potato,
tomato, boat, goat, coat, tomorrow, row, oh, OK, kilo, lonely, know, piano, yellow, grow, bowl, own, show, low, cold,
/ɑI/ ：I, kite, bike, white, five, knife, ice, rice, nice, write, Mike, mice,
time, nine, while, eye, sky, pie, lie, die, light, right, night, fly, my, mind, quite, cry, buy, tired, fine,
/ɑʊ/ ：house, cow, how, now, down, about, out, mouse, flower, blouse,
sound, mountain, count, hour, ground, found, round, brown, crowd,
/ↄI/ ：boy, toy, coin, oil, boil, noise, point, joy, join, enjoy, voice, choice 集中双元音：
/Iə/ ：ear, deer, dear, here, hear, tear, beer, theater, museum, clear,
year, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer,
/eə/ ：pear, pair, air, airport, chair, hair, fair, square, care, careful,
there, bear, where, wear, their, theirs,
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/ʊə/：poor, sure, tour, tourist, jewel, cruel, Europe,
（2）辅音音素：
1.清辅成对辅音(20个)：
[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[ð] [ʃ]-[ʒ] [ts]-[dz] [tʃ]-[dʒ] [tr]-[dr] /p/: pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy appear /b/: bag by bed boy bus blue rabbit cabbage
/t/: ten time not get table bottle bottom little pretty watched washed /d/: desk door day dog add daddy middle played cleaned
climbed answered
/k/: cat come cut clock cry picture school Christmas chemistry book bike cake kite Kate look
/g/: go girl big get egg bigger biggest guess great glad game
golf again glass grass goat God dog goal
/f/: five fish fine family fifteen photo phone elephant laugh enough off coffee
/v/: very five have of leave voice visit visitor themselves /s/: nice city cycle sit six some bus use us desk books miss class /z/: is his please music lose husband apples leaves thieves
knives size exercise prize zoo reason
/θ/: three thank month thin thought three throw tooth teeth
south north month mouth through
/ð/: this the with than breathe though mother father there
that these those
/ʃ/: she shoe short shop wash sure Asia special sufficient delicious /ʒ/: usually television pleasure garage
/ts/: shirts hurts coats costs goats Let’s kites gates dates pizza /dz/: beds birds hands friends decides
/tʃ/: chair much lunch China watch picture question teach teacher
rich future each reach
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/dʒ/: age page huge orange gentle gentleman general bridge
porridge judge jump jacket just June Jim sandwich /tr/: tree trip try true truth train
/dr/: dress drive hundred children drink dry draw dream
2.单个辅音（8个）：
/h/: he her have hand head hair who whom whose hard home hello /r/: red right three sorry worry hurry carry carrot write wrong /l/: let look please lake people tell full till bell
/m/: man meat meet time common communicate climb lamb autumn /n/: name nice nine near under know knife Ann
/ŋ/: sing long young morning thank think ink pink English /w/: we window work walk what why where white
/j/: yes you year yellow young onion review million billion Europe
三、开音节与闭音节： 一、开音节： 1. 分类：
开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，一种叫相对开音节。 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。例如： no she he we by ...
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：
name these bike home excuse like ... 2. 元音字母在开音节中的读音： ①绝对开音节：
以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音，即它本身的读音。如：no, he。
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②相对开音节：
在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中，在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r除外)与一个不发音的字母e，也是开音节。这个元音字母发它本身的音。可以用辅+元+辅+e来记住。如：name, fine。 3. 发音练习： ①绝对开音节：
ta-ble po-ta-to ba-by la-dy A-my na-tion
he me we be she se-cret hi Chi-na bi-cycle
no so hel-lo go so-fa (do, to除外） me-nu stu-dent mu-sic u-sually — 3. 发音练习： — ②相对开音节：
— name same take late fame race date hate — cake gate age wave save table (have例外） — these Chi-nese Japa-nese theme scene — comp-lete
— fine line mine time kite bike nice rise — de-cide nine like ice drive twice wise — rose hope nose hope phone home — huge use ex-cuse 二、闭音节：
— 含有一个元音字母，并以辅音字母(r, w除外)结尾的重读音节为闭音节。 — 例：map，desk，is。
— 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
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— 英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就是闭音节。
— 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音. — 如:sit---sitting
— begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当与把gin改成双写的) — put---putting — swim---swimming — shop---shopping
— 像travel这种重读不在的vel，可以为travelled，也可以是traveled — 举两个很经典的例子：
— forbid---forbidding (重读闭音节，双写)
— prohibit---prohibiting （重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写） 三、元音字母在开音节和闭音节的读音：
重读 元音字母 绝对开音节 a e i o u
[ei] [i:] [ai] [əu] [（j）u:] 相对开音节 [ei] [i:] [ai] [əu] [（j）u:] 闭音节 [æ] [e] [i] [ɔ] [ʌ]或[u] [ə] [i] [i] [ə] [ə] 非重读 .
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(1) Aa
1．[ei] a在开音节中：发字母音，后面有不发音的e
face脸 grade年级；cake蛋糕； lake湖; make制造；take拿到； snake蛇； name名字; same相同；plane飞机；grapes葡萄；date日期; Kate 凯特； 2．[æ] a在闭音节中：
black黑色的； dad爸爸； sad悲伤的； bag书包； am是；Sam萨姆
lamp灯； a一（个---）；can能； fan电风扇；man男人；and和； hand手； thank感谢； map地图； (2) Ee
1．[i:] e在开音节中：发字母音
be是；he他；she她；me我；we我们； these这些；Chinese汉语； 2．[e] e在闭音节中：
bed 床； red红色的； leg腿； spell拼写； hen母鸡； then那么；
when什么时候； pen钢笔； ten十； (3) Ii
1.[ai] i在开音节中：发字母音
hi 喂； I我； ice冰；nice好的；rice米饭；ride骑；beside在---旁边；
bike自行车； like喜欢；time时间；fine（身体）好； nine九； white白色的； write写； kite风筝； five五；drive驾驶 2．[i] i在闭音节中：
which 哪一个；chick小鸡；sick病的； big大的；pig猪；milk牛奶； him他； swim游泳； in在---里面； begin开始； sing唱歌；
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pink粉红色；drink喝；ship轮船； is是； his他的；this这个； fish鱼； (4) Oo
1.[əu ] o在开音节中：发字母音
go去；no不；so这样，这么；phone电话机；those那些；close关闭；
nose鼻子； rose玫瑰花 home家 rope绳子 hole洞 2．[ɔ] o在闭音节中；
clock钟； dog狗； on在---上面； long长的； song歌曲；shop商店；
stop停止； hot热的； not不； donkey驴 hop双脚跳 3. [Λ] o
mother妈妈 brother哥哥，弟弟 come来 some一些 other其他的
stomach胃，肚子 Monday星期一 (5) Uu
1.[ ju: ] u在开音节中：发字母音 excuse 原谅；use使用； 2．[Λ] u在闭音节中：
much 很； jump跳； run跑； sun太阳； up向上； cup小茶杯； but但是 bus公交车； umbrella雨伞; hundred百； cut剪，切； mum妈妈；under在……下面； underline在……number数字； understand理解
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