考研英语(二)模拟试卷128(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷128 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful 【C1】______ is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is 【C2】______. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 【C3】______ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 【C4】______ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 【C5】______ wire umbilici. It is tempting to【C6】______a “strategy” to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】______, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】______ experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful. Tech【C9】______occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning” as animal behaviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10】______cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】______with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails. “Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】______look at our phone, seeking rewards?” asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement【C13】______an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile【C14】______that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】______by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe. 【C16】______, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】______sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 【C18】______ the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】______, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】______to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.

1． 【C1】 A．phenomenon B．epidemic C．issue D．event

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“在西方国家的担忧埃博拉的威胁之际，一种更为常见但远没那么有害的______，正像冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中传播”。根据Ebola和winter sniffle可知epidemic“流行病”符合题意，故

B．epidemic为正确答案。phenomenon“现象”，issue“问题”和event“事件”均不符合题意，故排除。

2． 【C2】 A．striking B．obscure C．interesting D．mysterious

正确答案：A

解析：此处意为“疾病生物体与个人设备之间的相似性是______”。根据下文，可知本段都在阐述疾病生物体和个人设备之间的相似性，do the same thing是关键信息。故A．striking“引人注目的；显著的”符合题意，为正确答案。obscure“晦涩的，不清楚的”，interesting“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，mysterious“神秘的；难以理解的”，均不符合题意，故排除。

3． 【C3】 A．relying B．choosing C．grabbing D．using

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“为了繁殖和传播，病毒和其他寄生物控制更大的生物体，并资源”。根据句意，可知这种资源的获得是强行的，grab“抢占，夺取”符合题意，故

C．grabbing为正确答案。rely“依靠，依赖”，choose“挑选，选择”，use“使用”，均不符合题意，故排除。

4． 【C4】 A．taking over B．feeding on C．catching up D．allowing for

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“智能手机和其他小玩意也做着同样的事，它们靠______人类日益增长的注意力……”，feed on意为“以……为食，以……为能源”，在此处比喻为“靠吸引人类的注意力而获得成功”，故

B．feeding on为正确答案。take over“接受，接管”，catch up“赶上，追上”，allow for“考虑到，体谅”，均不符合题意，故排除。

5． 【C5】 A．with B．over C．to D．via

正确答案：D

解析：此处supplied短语做后置定语修饰electricity，意为“______电线枢纽提供的电力”。由此判断填入一个表示“通过”的介词，故排除A．with和

C．to。over和via都有“通过”的意思，但是via更强调凭借某种途径，over强调“越过……”，故

D．via符合题意，为正确答案。

6． 【C6】 A．point B．turn C．attribute D．prefer

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“人们很容易______噬菌体和手机平板都存在什么‘战略’，尽管这两者都没有感觉”。结合下文可知，此处表示因果关系，attribute to“把某事归因于某人(某事)符合题意，故

C．atrribute为正确答案。point to“标明，指向”，turn to“(使)转向；(使)变成；求助于”，prefer…to…“更喜欢”，均不符合题意，故排除。

7． 【C7】 A．Instead B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise

正确答案：A 解析：根据上文可知，人们很容易认为噬菌体和手机平板都存在什么“战略”，尽管这两者都没有感觉。空格后讲述的内容则与上文不一致，暗含转折意味。故A．Instead“相反地”符合题意，为正确答案。Moreover“再者，此外”，表示递进；Therefore“因此，所以”，表示因果；Otherwise“否则，另外”，均不符合题意，故排除。

8． 【C8】 A．which

B．as C．that D．where

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“这个过程是渐进性的，由很多随机突变构成，______大批产品设计者就此进行实验的那样”。分析句子结构可知，此句不缺少句子成分，主句为the process is evolutionary，consisting of many random evolutions为插入语，空格后应为一个状语从句，故

B．as“正如”为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意，故排除。

9． 【C9】 A．progress B．term C．crisis D．addiction

正确答案：D 解析：此处意为“科技______是通过主动习得的反应——也就是动物行为学家所说的‘操作性条件反射’——患上的”。根据上下文可知，addiction“着迷；嗜好”与Tech搭配意为“科技瘾”，故

D．addiction符合题意，为正确答案。progress“进步，进展”，term“术语，条款”和crisis“危机”与Tech搭配后，均与文中的“主动习得”不符，故排除。

10． 【C10】 A．dangerous B．special C．large D．funny

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“它被关在一个名叫‘斯金纳箱’的______笼子里”。文章并没有指出此箱子的性质、大小，但我们可以推测出这个箱予是为了实验而特意制作的。故

B．special“特殊的”符合题意，为正确答案。dangerous“危险的”，large“大的”，funny“有趣的”，均不符合题意，故排除。

11． 【C11】 A．rewarded B．resisted C．resumed D．reversed

正确答案：A

解析：此处意为“如果解开谜题，这只动物会得到一点食物作为______；如果没能解开，便会遭到电击以示惩罚”。此句前后为对称结构，根据后面的punished可推断此处应选与之相对的：rewarded“奖励”，故A．rewarded为正确答案。resist“抵抗，反对”，resume“重新开始，继续”，reverse“反转，交换”，均不符合题意，故排除。

12． 【C12】 A．anxiously B．occasionally C．happily D．endlessly

正确答案：D

解析：此处意为“当我们______看手机时，我们是否正受到荷尔蒙的正向刺激，在寻求奖励?”根据上下文可知，此处要表达当人们不停地看手机时，即前文所说的“科技瘾”，故

D．endlessly“不休，永久地”为正确答案。anxiously“焦急地”，occasionally“偶尔，偶然”，happily“高兴地”，均不符合题意，故排除。

13． 【C13】 A．within B．from C．about D．through

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“有点像一个人从严谨的科学角度，拒绝______一名记者在淋浴时得到的想法”。withhold sth．from sth．／sb．意为“不给，拒绝给”，此处表示“拒绝赞同记者的想法”，故

B．from符合题意，为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意，故排除。

14． 【C14】 A．support B．approve C．argue D．insist

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“与此同时，科技巨头们会______移动设备的流行要归功于他们的设计很有水平”，这与上文所阐述的观点角度不同，因此argue“争论，辩称”符合题意，故

C．argue为正确答案。support“支持”，approve“赞同”，insist“坚持，强调”，均不符合题意，故排除。

15． 【C15】 A．formed B．seperated C．classified D．modified

正确答案：D 解析：此处意为“这恰恰是那些思维过程已被入侵的准生物体______的人愿意相信的”。根据句意可知，modify“修改，变更”符合题意，故

D．modified为正确答案。form“形成，产生”，separate“分离，分开”，classify“分类，归类”，均不符合题意，故排除。

16． 【C16】 A．Surprisingly B．Importantly C．Fortunately D．Regrettably

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“______，移动技术引起的症状不如生理疾病那般严重”。根据上下文尤其是下一句的There are even benefits可知，此处要表达的是“幸运的是”，故

C．Fortunately符合题意，为正确答案。Surprisingly“惊人地”，Importantly“重要地”，Regrettably“令人遗憾地”，均不符合题意，故排除。

17． 【C17】 A．compensate B．help C．comfort D．improve

正确答案：A

解析：此处意为“对那些因常光顾星巴克使用免费Wi—Fi而导致注意力集中时间缩短、体内咖啡因过多的‘患者’来说，移动技术甚至提供了一些好处来______他们”。句中的for暗示此处填入与for搭配的动词。compensate for意为“赔偿……的损失”符合题意，故A．compensate为正确答案。help“帮助”，comfort“安慰”，improve“改善，提高”，均不符合题意，故排除。

18． 【C18】 A．share B．obtain C．subscribe D．observe

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“最重要的是，你在像阿拉斯加那么远的地方也能______英国《金融时报》”。obtain“获得，得到”，在此引申为“看到，读到”。故

B．obtain符合题意，为正确答案。share“共享，分享”，observe“观察”，均不符合题意；subscribe表示“订阅”需和to连用。

19． 【C19】 A．part B．sense C．level D．way

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“一一，移动设备更像是共生生物体，而不是寄生虫”。空格后面是论述完上文后的结论，in this sense“从这点来看”符合题意，因此

B．sense为正确答案。in this part“在这部分”，in this level“在这个水平”，in this way“用这种方式”，均不符合题意，故排除。

20． 【C20】 A．adaptive B．careful C．similar D．captive

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“这使它______是一种帮助人维持生命的肠道细菌，而非可能害死你的病毒”。下文rather than“而不是”提示此处表示“是”，因此

C．similar“类似的，相似的”符合题意，为正确答案。adaptive“适应的”；careful“仔细的，小心的”；captive“能够的，有能力的”，均不符合题意，故排除。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Cotton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased with Evelyn’ s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the

middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet it’s a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with London’s vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. “Give us light!” Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor’ s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Corton’ s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity where London’ s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London’ s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens’ cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like “Keep the Home Fires Burning” didn’t do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasn’t until what came to be known as the “Great Killer Fog” of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade. Corton’ s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London’ s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. It’ s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience.

21． Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A．The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn’ s child. B．King Charles II was not actually satisfied with Evelyn’ s idea.

C．The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.

D．It wasn’t until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.

正确答案：D 解析：根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据该段最后一句Nobody at the time，and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century，was willing to put public health above business interests．可知，20世纪中叶之前，没有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上。由此可推断出D项“直到20世纪中叶才有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上”为正确答案，D项运用了强调句和not until，反向推断可能发生的现象。A项“芬芳抗烟方案的灵感来自约翰．伊夫林的孩子，原文只是说“芬芳抗烟方案是17世纪日记作家约翰.伊夫林的想法”，所以A项错误。B项“查理二世国王其实不满意伊夫林这个点子”与原文的much pleased with相反。C项

“拟定抗烟雾公害法案的过程比较慢”与原文的duly“按时地；适当地”不符。

22． The word “grime”(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to______. A．fog B．dirt C．frost D．paint

正确答案：B

解析：根据题于关键词定位到第三段。该段第二句提到London’s vaporous，mutating clouds“伦敦蒸汽缭绕、如同变异的雾霭”，再结合第一段的sulfurous clouds“硫磺雾霾”和urban smoke-creating industry“城市里所有制造浓烟的工业”可知，在画室窗上的是煤尘污垢。故B项“污垢；灰尘”为正确答案。A项“雾”、C项“霜”和D项“颜料，涂料；绘画作品”均不符合题意，故排除。

23． Which of the following would be most heavily affected by London’s pollution according to Corton’ s book?

A．rich dwellers in the east. B．the underclass in the west. C．East London’ s slum dwellers. D．servants of furnace owners.

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据该段第二句A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk可知，由于风向，住在东边的人受污染的影响更大。所以排除B项。再结合第三句Those who could afford it lived elsewhere可知有钱人会搬家，故A项不符合。因此C项“东伦敦的贫民区居民们”为污染影响最严重的群体，为正确答案。D项“大熔炉主人们的佣人”原文没有提及。

24． The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that______. A．Great Killer Fog led to huge mortality

B．The British press was also playing a big role C．It was a long way for Clean Air Act to be passed

D．reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage

正确答案：D 解析：根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段。该段前两句指出两个为治理雾霾而努力的具体事件，第三句做总结，指出“短短几年之内，虽然反对污染的战斗还处于初级阶段，但可怕的浓雾已经开始退去”。故D项“尽管处于初期，但减少空气污染奏效了”为正确答案。A项“‘杀雾’导致巨大的死亡”和C项“通过《空气清洁法案》曾是一个漫长的过程”只是表层示例。B项“英国媒体也发挥了重要作用”并不是作者主要想表达的内容。

25． There were plane trees everywhere in London because they______. A．could resist fog and haze B．were related to social history

C．contained a wealth of eccentric detail

D．were shiny and beautified the environment

正确答案：A

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第六段。该段第二句指出“我们从中读到，伦敦之所以到处都有法国梧桐，主要是因为它们闪闪发亮的叶片能够抵御雾霾”，故A项“能够抵御雾霾”为正确答案，其中原文的for表明前后是因果关系，且原因在后。B项“与社会历史有关”、C项“包含丰富的古怪轶闻”和D项“闪闪发亮并能美化环境”均不是题干的原因，故排除。

In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the company’s chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow. A small number of restaurants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter. The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-food workers. If cooks’ wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “it’s not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its edge.” Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kitchen workers. The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers’ pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry. Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in 2013 that he had eliminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a way of life in this country,” he said. “It may not be the perfect system, but it’ s our system. It’ s an American system.”

26． According to the first paragraph, what would happen in New York City? A．1,800 employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.

B．Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be removed. C．All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer’ s action and eliminate tipping.

D．There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art.

正确答案：B 解析：根据题干关键词定位到第一段。根据该段第一句中的the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants可知，联合广场餐饮集团将取消联合广场咖啡馆和旗下另外12家餐馆的小费，共取消13家餐馆的小费。由此可知B项“联合广场餐饮集团的13家餐馆的小费将被取消”为正确答案，A项“联合广场餐饮集团的1 800名员工获得的酬劳将与以前一样”与文中的In a sweeping change“为了彻底改变”不符。C项的All太绝对了，文中主要指餐饮业受影响。原文说的是下个月将开始取消小费，并不是制定一个新的小费制度，所以D项不符，故排除。

27． By “do the latter”(Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will______.

A．reduce tips B．decrease prices

C．explain that prices include “hospitality” D．provide blank lines for tips on checks

正确答案：C 解析：根据题干关键词定位到第二段。该段的首句是主题句“在过去几年里，美国的少数几家餐馆减少或取消了小费”，第二、三句分别介绍了两个情况，句首由Some和Others引导。第四句说了联合广场餐饮集团的做法，将采用后者，即Others所在的句子。factor作为动词，意为“把……作为因素计人”，故第三句意为“还有些餐馆是把服务员的平均小时工资加到菜价里”。因此C项“解释说明菜价包含‘服务费’”与文章一致，为正确答案。A项“减少小费”和B项“降低菜价”明显错误。D项“在账单上留出填写小费的空白栏”是前者的做法，也排除。

28． Why does Danny Meyer make the Modern be the first restaurant to eliminate tipping?

A．Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.

B．Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract culinary talents. C．The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living. D．Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers’.

正确答案：B 解析：题干中部分关键词在第一段中出现过，但与题干问题相关的内容出现在第三段。该段第一句中的pilot相当于题干中的the first，该句意为“梅耶说，现代餐厅之所以成为试点餐厅是因为它的大厨艾布拉姆.比塞尔一直主张通过支付更高的报酬来吸引熟练厨师”，故B项“它的大厨主张通过支付更高的报酬来吸引熟练厨师”为正确答案，B项中的argues strongly和culinary talents分别是文中agitating和skilled cooks的同义替换。A项“小费不能分配给它的熟练厨师”的干扰性较大，但B项更佳。C项和D项原文没有提及，也不是题干的原因。

29． It is unfair that servers’ pay may be affected by EXCEPT______. A．their service B．the weather C．race and age

D．their customer’s moods

正确答案：A

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据该段第二句“有些人认为，服务员的报酬受到与服务表现无关的因素的影响，这样很不公平”可知，B项“天气”、C项“种族和年龄”和D项“顾客心情”均与服务表现无关，如果按照这三类情况给小费的话，就会不公平。运用排除法，A项“服务”为正确答案。

30． The author’s attitude towards tips’ elimination seems to be______. A．favorable B．skeptical C．uncertain D．objective

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干关键词定位到全文。第一段指出文章的话题“联合广场餐饮集团的首席执行官丹尼.梅耶说，该集团将取消联合广场咖啡馆和旗下另外12家餐馆的小费”。第二段说明取消小费的形式。第三、四段说明原因。最后一段是不同餐馆老板对这一举措的不同态度。作者就事论事，态度是客观的，故D项为正确答案。A项“赞同的”、B项“怀疑的”和C项“不确定的”均排除。

Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the end—if you’re lucky!— and if you’re very lucky, eventually there’s a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way? It depends on whether you are a “maximizer” or a “satisficer”. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand. Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along.

Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 8 members of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got. Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesn’t make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted. Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesn’t buy more happiness, as the maximizer’s likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but they’re so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.

31． What is implied in the first two paragraphs?

A．Graduates aren’t well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges. B．Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky. C．Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.

D．Satisficers wait for something better based on information at hand.

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第一、二段。第一段结尾提到“拿到了第一个工作offer，是果断接受还是等待更好的机会”，第二段开头给出了解答的依据，即“取决于你是‘完美主义者’还是‘易于满足者’”。同时，从第二段文中信息可知，“易于满足者”选工作时会比较果断，所以，他更趋向于接受找到的第一份工作。A项属于过度推断，原文未提及。第一段提到的是“运气好的话，可以得到几个面试机会”，与“更早”无关，故B项错误。D项推断错误，wait for something better是“易于满足者”的行为。

32． According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true? A．Maximizers can get something of value from outside information. B．Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.

C．Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.

D．The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段倒数第二句意为“他们(完美主义者)平均申请二十个职位，而易于满足者只申请十个”，B项是此句的总结性陈

述，故B项为正确答案。A项利用文中的worth进行干扰，文中未提及。C项中的三人是研究者，文中并没有说明他们是“完美主义者”。D项错在all一词，而文中说的是“外部信息来源”。

33． The word “contortions”(Para. 3)most probably refers to______. A．choices B．occupations C．opportunities D．distortions

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段第五句句意为“完美主义者在求职之路上会通过更多的一一”，第二句提到“完美主义者则倾向于继续求职，直到更好的工作机会来临”，可见他们为了做出最好的决定，不惜绕很多弯路。contortions意为“扭弯，扭歪，扭曲”，故D项“歪曲，被曲解”为正确答案。choices“选择”，occupations“职位”，opportunities“机会”，均不是该单词的正确释义，故排除。

34． The passage conveys that higher pay______.

A．brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficers B．encourages maximizers seek perfection

C．makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offer D．helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth

正确答案：A 解析：根据题干关键词定位到第四段。该段第二句出现明显的表示转折意义的词however，说明其后的内容是命题的重点，该句句意为“问题是，更高的薪水并没有让完美主义者比易于满足者更快乐”，A项与其表意一致，故为正确答案。B项“鼓励完美主义者追求完美”和D项“有助于完美主义者培养自身的价值感”属于无中生有。C项是对文中最后一段第一句的曲解，也排除。

35． Which might be the appropriate title of this passage? A．Higher Pay: Be Happier or Unhappy B．First Offer: Take It or Keep Waiting

C．Sources of Information: Outside or at Hand D．Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a Satisficer

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干关键词需纵观全文，但文章第一段段末就指出了全文主旨，即“拿到了第一个工作录用通知单，是果断接受还是等待更好的机会呢”?之后的四段均是对该主旨的具体阐述，具体而全面。故B项“第一份工作来了：接受还是继续等待”为正确答案。A项“更高的薪水：让人更快乐还是不快乐”、C项“信息来源：外部还是手边”和D项“定位你自己：一个完美主义者还是一个易于满足者”均不符合文意，故排除。

Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industry’s lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities between those of different genders doing the same job. Laura I. Gomez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are starting an effort to collect and share data to help diversify the rank-and-file employees who make up tech companies. The nonprofit venture, called Project Include, was unveiled on Tuesday. As part of Project Include, the group plans to extract commitments from tech companies to track the diversity of their work forces over time and eventually share that data with other start-ups. The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25 to 1,000 workers, in the hope of spurring the companies to think about equality sooner rather than later. The project will also ask for participation from venture capital firms that advise and mentor the start-ups. Project Include aims to have 18 companies as part of its first cohort; a few have already signed up. The group will meet regularly for seven months to define and track specific metrics. At the end of that period, the group will publish an anonymized set of results to show the progress—or lack thereof—that the start-ups have made around diversity. The group’ s push is intended to cut through tech’ s slow pace of change on diversity. Large companies, including Google, Facebook and Microsoft, have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work forces, and some have started programs to move the needle. But that has not seemed to spur much movement in views on the issue. In December, for instance, Michael Moritz, a partner at the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, made headlines when he said in an interview that his firm—which had no female investment partners in the United States—would focus on hiring women but would not “lower its standards” to do so. He also said the firm was blind to gender and race. “It is this incredibly self-serving mythology that we are the best and the brightest, and that the best ideas rise to the top and will get funded,” said Ms. Kapor Klein, noting there is plenty of data to show that minority access to tech programs and networks is worse than that of white males. “Despite an avalanche of rigorous data to the contrary, the belief in pure meritocracy persists.”

36． It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______. A．Ellen Pao spent a lot of time diversifying the court’s structure B．Erica Baker is an experienced HR in Google

C．Ellen Pao, Erica Baker and Laura I. Gomez found a start-up together D．Project Include is aimed to diversify the employees in tech companies

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第一段。本题可用排除法。根据第一句话可排除A项，因为原文是说鲍康如这几年来一直致力于揭露科技行业缺乏多样性的情况，不论是在法庭上还是法庭外。而不是花费大量时间来多样化结构。根据第二句可排除B项，原文并没有提及埃里卡.贝克的职务及工作．故此项属于

过度推断。根据第三句可排除C项，原文是说劳拉．I．戈麦斯创办了一家公司，而不是三位合作创办的。故D项为正确答案。此外根据最后一句话，也可知道上述三位创建“容纳计划”的目的是使科技企业的员工构成多样化。

37． The effort of Project Include on start-ups expects to______. A．obtain commitments from tech companies B．obtain related data

C．urge the companies to think about equality earlier D．urge the venture capital firms to participate

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25 to 1,000 workers，in the hope of spurring the companies to think about equality sooner rather than later．可知这一计划将聚焦雇员人数为25人到1 000人的初创企业，希望能够推动它们及早考虑平等问题。故C项为正确答案。其中expect to是in the hope of的同义替换；urge是spur的同义替换。A项“获得科技企业的承诺”，B项“获得相关数据”和D项“鼓励风险投资公司参与其中”均不符合题意，故排除。

38． What will Project Include not do to 18 companies during the seven months? A．Make them agree with the cohort. B．Meet them regularly. C．Define specific metrics. D．Track specific metrics.

正确答案：A

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第三段。根据Project Include aims to have 18 companies as part of its first cohort；a few have already signed up．The group will meet regularly for seven months to define and track specific metrics．可知“容纳计划”当前的目标是说服18家企业作为第一批合作者加入进来；有几家已经签约。该组织会在七个月的时间里定期组织会议来定义和追踪具体指标。故B项、C项和D项均与原文相符。A项“使他们认同这个团队”属于过于推断。故A项为正确答案。

39． The phrase “the needle”(Para. 4)probably refers to______. A．diverse work forces B．a needle for weaving C．views on diversification

D．the measures of Project Include

正确答案：A

解析：根据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据Large companies，including Google，Facebook and Microsoft，have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work forces，and some have started programs to move the needle．可知谷歌、

脸谱网和微软等大公司已经公开承认自己没能让员工队伍变得更为多元，一些公司已经启动了旨在促成改变的计划。联系上下文可知，the needle指代的是diverse work forces这件事，故A项为正确答案。B项“纺织用的针”是字面意思，排除。C项“对于多元化的看法”和D项“容纳计划的措施”均不符合题意，故排除。

40． It seems that Ms. Kapor Klein believes______. A．the root of the problem is people’s arrogance B．there is a long way to improve existing prejudice C．the racism is still serious

D．people need to have an open mind

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。最后一段主要阐述了卡普尔.克莱因女士的观点，他认为“就是这种极端自利的谬论——以为我们是最好、最聪明的，以为最佳的想法会脱颖而出，并得到资金，导致对纯粹精英主义的信奉依然存在，尽管大量严谨的数据显示事实恰恰相反。”她还指出，大量数据显示，少数族裔获取科技项目和人脉的渠道要比白人男性差。由此可推断卡普尔.克莱女士因认为改善目前存在的这种偏见还有很长的路要走。故B项为正确答案。A项“问题的根源是人们的自大”，C项“种族主义仍然严重”和D项“人们需要开阔的视野”均是对文中信息的表面化理解，故排除。

Part B (10 points)

[A]Learn How to Recognize Your Soul Mate [B]Take Religion Seriously [C]Consider Marrying Young [D]Learn to Read Regularly [E]Watch “Groundhog Day” Repeatedly [F]Eventually Stop Fretting about Fame and Fortune [G]Cultivate the Habit of Watching Movies A few years ago, I took it upon myself to start writing tips for the young staff where I work about how to avoid doing things that would make their supervisors write them off. At that point, I had to deal with a reality: When it comes to a life filled with deep and lasting satisfactions, most of the cliches are true. How could I make them sound fresh to a new generation? Here’ s how I tried. 【R1】______ The age of marriage for college graduates has been increasing for decades, and this cultural shift has been a good thing. But should you assume that marriage is still out of the question when you’re 25? I’m not suggesting that you decide ahead of time that you will get married in your 20s. I’m just pointing out that you shouldn’t exclude the possibility. If you get married in your 20s, it is likely to be a startup. What are the advantages of a startup marriage? For one thing, you will both have memories of your life together when it was all still up in the air. You’ll have fun remembering the years when you went from being scared newcomers to the point at which you realized you were going to make it. 【R2】______ Marry someone with similar tastes and preferences. Which tastes and preferences? The ones that will affect life almost every day. It is absolutely crucial that you really, really like your spouse. You hear it all the time from

people who are in great marriages: “I’m married to my best friend.” They are being literal. A good working definition of “soul mate” is “your closest friend, to whom you are also sexually attracted.” 【R3】______ One of my assumptions about you is that you are ambitious—meaning that you hope to become famous, rich or both, and intend to devote intense energy over the next few decades to pursuing those dreams. That is as it should be. But suppose you arrive at age 40, and you enjoy your work, have found your soul mate, are raising a couple of terrific kids—and recognize that you will probably never become either rich or famous. At that point, it is important to know fame and wealth do accomplish something: They cure ambition anxiety. But that’ s all. It isn’ t much. 【R4】______ Start by jarring yourself out of unreflective atheism or agnosticism. A good way to do that is to read about contemporary cosmology. That reading won’ t lead you to religion, but it may stop you from being unreflective. Start reading religious literature. The past hundred years have produced excellent and accessible work, much of it written by people who came to adulthood as uninvolved in religion as you are. 【R5】______ Without the slightest bit of preaching, The movie “Groundhog Day” shows the bumpy, unplanned evolution of his protagonist from a jerk to a fully realized human being—a person who has learned to experience deep, lasting and justified satisfaction with life even though he has only one day to work with. You could learn the same truths by studying Aristotle’s “Ethics” carefully, but watching “Groundhog Day” repeatedly is a lot more fun.

41． 【R1】

正确答案：C 解析：根据第二段的最后一句If you get married in your 20s，it is likely to be a startup(如果你在20多岁的时候结婚，那可能就是一次从头开始的“创业”)和第三段的第一句What are the advantages of a startup marriage(那从零开始的婚姻有什么好处)可知这两段主要围绕“早结婚”进行阐述，所以作者给出的第一个建议应为“考虑早结婚”。故C项符合题意，为正确答案。

42． 【R2】

正确答案：A

解析：第四、五段分别指出Marry someone with similar tastes and preferences(要跟一个与自己品味相当、喜好相似的人结婚)和A good working definition of“soul mate”is“your closest friend，to whom you are also sexually attracted”(“灵魂伴侣”的一个绝佳定义就是“你最亲密的朋友，而且还是对你有着性吸引力的人”)通过这两句可知，这两段主要围绕soul mate展开论述，故A项“学会辨识你的灵魂伴侣”符合题意，为正确答案。

43． 【R3】

正确答案：F

解析：根据第六段One of my assumptions about you is that you are ambitious(对于你，我有一个既定的假设：你是一个雄心勃勃的人)和第七段At that point，it is important to know fame and wealth do accomplish something(到了那个阶段，你应该知道名声和财富的确能有所作为)可知这两段的关键词为ambitious和fame and wealth，结合选项，可知F项“最终不再因名利而烦恼”符合题意，为正确答案。

44． 【R4】

正确答案：B 解析：根据第八段That reading won’t lead you to religion，but it may stop you from being unreflective(那些阅读不会将你引向宗教，但它可能会让你远离草率无知)和第九段Start reading religious literature(开始读些宗教文学书籍吧)可知这两段的关键词为religon，结合选项，可知B项“把宗教认认真真当回事”符合题意，为正确答案。

45． 【R5】

正确答案：E

解析：根据第十段The movie“Groundhog Day”shows the bumpy(电影《土拨鼠日》却展现了一段坎坷)和第十一段but watching“Groundhog Day”repeatedly is a lot more fun(但反复观看《土拨鼠日》这部影片会收获很多乐趣)可知这两段主要围绕Groundhog Day展开论述。结合选项，可知E项“反复观看影片《土拨鼠日》”符合题意，为正确答案。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． For a child, happiness has a magical quality. I remember making hide-outs in newly cut hay, playing cops and robbers in the woods,getting a speaking part in the school play. For adults, happiness is complicated. As far as I am concerned, happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’ s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health. While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn’t about what happens to us; it’ s about how we perceive what happens to us. It’ s the knack of finding a positive for every negative, and viewing a set-back as a challenge. It’ s not wishing for what we don’ t have, but enjoying what we do possess.

正确答案： 对于孩子来说，幸福充满了魔力。我记得在新割下的草堆里捉迷藏，在树林里扮演和强盗，在校院剧中担当有台词的角色。对于成年人来说，幸福是复杂的。我认为幸福是“享受的能力”。我们越能享受所拥有的一

切，我们就越幸福。从爱与被爱、友情、随心所欲择地而居、甚至是从拥有的健康中所获得的快乐是很容易被我们忽视的。 虽然幸福对我们来说也许更错综复杂，但是获得幸福的途径永远是一样的。幸福不在于我们经历了什么，而在于我们如何看待所经历的事情。于消极之中寻到积极之处，视挫折为挑战才是诀窍。幸福不是凭空许愿，而是享受拥有。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． Suppose your friend Lucy asked you for some information about a successful interview. Write a letter to 1)give her some advice, and 2)express your best wishes. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)

正确答案： Dear Lucy, You asked me for some advice on how to prepare for a successful interview, now I will try to make some conductive suggestions. Firstly, you should find out all the information about the company as possible as you can before going to the interview. Secondly, practice your answers to common questions in advance, which will make you feel more confident and relaxed. Thirdly, try to make the best impressions: dress appropriately, arrive early, be enthusiastic, shake hands firmly, sit up straight and maintain eye contact and so on. Finally, do not forget to say “thank you” after the interview. I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and pass through the interview successflly. Good luck!Yours sincerely, Li Ming

解析： 考生要想在小作文中取得高分，首先要确定书信类型。本文是一篇典型的建议信，因此，考生在遣词造句时，应体现建议信的语体特点。其次，本文最好分为三段，首段须开门见山，点出主题。第二段论述自己的建议。末段表达自己的良好祝愿。

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following graph. In your essay, you should 1)interpret the graph, and 2)give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

正确答案： As is showed above the chart, the graph records the number of overseas students coming back to China from 2001 to 2015. This number has witnessed some changes during the 15 years. Especially, the volume of returned students from 2009 to 2013 has experienced the most dramatic change, jumping from 110,000 to 350,000. There are many reasons contributing to this trend. In my

opinion, the following two are on the top of list. To begin with, along with the rapid development of China’s economy and culture, the returned students can embrace a brighter future in China compared with in foreign countries. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that the financial crisis in 2008 had a huge impact on the foreign market, while the domestic market has less been affected, so more and more graduates has returned to seek for opportunities. When all the factors are examined, we may safely come to the conclusion that the current situation will sustain in the forthcoming years.

解析： 本题的图表为2001～2015年中国留学生回国人数曲线图。考生首先要描述图表，说明2001～2015年中国留学生回国人数渐增的趋势，尤其是2009～2015年增长趋势明显。其次分析出现这种变化的原因，可以从多角度阐述。最后总结全文。