分词作状语用法

分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。之阿布丰王创作

分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。

一、现在分词作状语

一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用主动式或完成式。

Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life.

Being ill, she can't go to work today.

The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping.

1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.

A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing

二、现在分词的时态语态

1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其主动式为“being+动词过去分词”。

例如：The students standing there are from Class Three.

The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October.

2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其主动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。

例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest.

Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down.

Given more time, we will finish the work in time.

3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，主动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。

例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying.

Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity.

1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some

medicine with him wherever he goes.

A. Suffered suffered

B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being

2. Finding her car stolen, _______.

A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere for help

D. she hurried to a policeman

二、过去分词作状语

过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表主动。

The mother came in, followed by her son.

When heated，water will be turned into steam.

Deeply moved by the film, we all cried.

Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling.

1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.

A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See

2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.

A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding

三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别

1. 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。

2. V-ing暗示主动、进行的动作；2. 过去分词暗示主动。

Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant.

Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood.

1. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait have waited

B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To

2. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left

3._____ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farms.

A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted

4. The children ran out of the room, ______.

A laughed and jumped B To laugh and jump C laughing and jumping D laugh and jump

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.

2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.

3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.

3、连词+分词做状语：分词做状语常和某些连词连用，暗示分词是做什么状语，罕见的和分词连用的连词有When，because，if，though，once，unless等。

1. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

2．______, this film can never been forgotten.

A Once seeing B once having seen C Once seen D Once to see

四、分词作状语相当于状语从句

分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。

一、用作时间状语，分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成由when, while, after, before等引导时间状语从句。

典型例句

Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.

=When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.

高考实例

When ______different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared compared

B. being compared C. comparing D. having

二、用作原因状语，分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since,

now that 等引导的原因状语从句。

Being very weak, she couldn't move.

=As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.

(1) _____with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face

(2) ____for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.

A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed

三、用作条件状语，分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句。

典型例句

Working hard, you will succeed.

=If you work hard, you will succeed.

Given more time, we could have done it better.

=If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.

______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given

四、用作让步状语，分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句。

Although living miles away, he attended the course.

=Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

=Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

No matter how frequently _____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

A. performed B. performing

C. to be performed D. being performed

五、用作陪伴状语，暗示的动作陪伴句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所暗示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所暗示的动作陪伴性的次要动作。

典型例句

He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.

Don't you sit there doing nothing.

He came in, followed by his wife.

(1) Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table.

A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing

(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.

A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought

(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly,

always ______ the same thing.

A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said

(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all children like these things.

A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought

六、用作结果状语，分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句。

典型例句

He died, leaving his wife with five children.

=He died and left his wife with five children.

(1) He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted

(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.

A. have reached B. reaching

C. to reach D. to be reaching

课后练习题

1. ______ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left

2. _____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.

A. To look B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at

3. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait have waited

B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To

4. _____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

5. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A. Not completing B. Not completed

C. Not having completed D. Having not completed

6. Having been attacked by terrorists, _______.

A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed

C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists