四种完成进行时态与被动语态

四种完成进行时态与被动语态

导言

在学习了进行时态和完成时态之后，我们就很容易理解完成进行时态。它既有完成时的态─过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时的含义，又有进行态─-给人以生动的画面感，使语气更强的意义。也就是说它们是完成与进行两种“态”的结合。

▲ 完成时态的构成

句型 主系表 时态 have (has) been 现在完成 had been 过去完成 will have been 将来完成 过去将来完成 would have been 主谓宾 have (has) done had done will have done would have done

▲ 完成进行时态的构成

现在完成进行时态 过去完成进行时态 将来完成进行时态 过去将来完成进行时态 have (has) been doing had been doing will have been doing would have been doing

在学习完成时态时，我们已经了解完成时态有两种用法。

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1、 过去的动作对说话时产生的影响。 2、 过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时。

完成进行时态只具备完成时态的第2种用法，即过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时，并加入进行态给人的画面感，使语气更强。下面通过完成进行时态与完成时态的比较加以说明。

▲ 现在完成进行时态

● My teacher has been working on that subject the last two years.

● My teacher has worked on that subject the last two years. 这两年我的老师一直在研究那个课题。

第一句与第二句除了在持续性上相同外，还多了一种画面感，好像能够看到那位老师埋头工作的情景，所以语气更强。但用汉语很难译出两个句子的区别。

● I have been waiting for you. ● I have waited for you.

第一句给人的感觉比第二句更亲切，好像能够看到说话人等待的样子。

22. –Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

--I am tired. I the living room all day.

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A. painted

C. have been painting

B. had painted D. have painted

▲ 过去完成进行时态

● He was tired. He had been working all day.

● He was tired. He had worked all day. 他累了。他干了一整天。

第一句由于有进行时态的画面感，给人的感觉要比第二句给人的感觉更“辛苦”些。

▲ 将来完成进行时态

● Mr. Smith will have been living in China for exactly twenty years in another month’s time.

● Mr. Smith will have lived in China for twenty years in another

month’s time.

再过一个月，史密斯先生在中国就整整住了二十年了。 第一句语气要比第二句强，更能给人一种史密斯在中国住了很长时间的感觉。

▲ 过去将来完成进行时态

● He said that by the end of this year he would have been

studying English for three years.

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● He said that by the end of this year he had studied English for

three years.

注：第一句想要给对方一种他学了很长时间英语的感觉。第二句则

比较平淡。

被动语态

被动语态是动词的一种形式，只有主谓宾句型才有被动语态，它所强调的，不是动作的发出者，而是动作的接受者，在掌握了时态以后，学习被动语态并不难，重要的是牢记被动语态的动词形式，我们在后面为大家列的表格，请大家熟记。

● The policeman arrested the thief.

The thief was arrested (by the policeman).

注：如果没有必要强调动作的发出者，我们可以把by the

policeman省略。

● The teacher can translate this sentence in different ways.

This sentence can be translated in different ways.

● Opportunities are seldom labeled（贴标签）.

----JOHN A. SHEDD

很少有贴着标签的机遇。

▲ 被动语态表

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一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 am am have 现在 is done is being been done are are done has was was 过去 were done being had been done were done 将来 shall shall have been will be done will done 过去should should 将来 would be done have been would done

Bite bit bit

The dog bites me

The dog bites me. I am bit by the dog.

The dog bit me. I was bit by the do

The dog will bite me. I will be bit by the dog.

The dog would bite me. I would be bit by the dog.

The dog is biting me.

I am being bit by the dog.

The dog was biting me. I was being bit by the dog.

The dog has bit me. I have been bit by the dog.

The dog had bit me. I had been bit by the dog.

The dog will have bit me. I will have been bit by the dog.

The dog would have bit me. I would have been bit by the dog.

重要提示

时态是英语中非常复杂的概念，必须通过长期的阅读和在实际会话中细心体会。我们通过下面的表，试图让同学们抓住时态中最主要的用法和规律。英语时态是“时”与“态”的结合，即四种时间概念+四种不同的情态（实际上只有两种情态，进行态和完成态，一般时不含情态，完成进行态是完成态与进行态的结合。）如果从这样一个角度去理解，把下表竖列的时间+横行的情态，就能够比较容易掌握16种时态。希望在练习时，细心体会，多问为什么。

（附时态表两张，以帮助同学们复习。请见本书后的附录1.附录2.）

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1 主动 被动 2 时 3 态

6.选择（本栏目题全部来自历年高考原卷，很多题通过率只有30%左右，可见学生在时态上非常混乱，希望同学们在做题时，能够举一反三，真正掌握时态的精髓。）

1. If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to

2．In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

3．–We could have walked to the station, it was so near. --Yes, A taxi at all necessary,

A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t D. won’t be

.4. My dictionary . I have looked for it everywhere but still it.

A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found

5. I need one more stamp before my collection .

A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed

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主将从现

将来时的几种表达： 1 will

is going to ….. is to

is about to 2 can….

3 Want plan need 4 祈使句

6. -____the sports meet might be put off. --Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told

六、 选择（本栏题全部来自历年高考原卷，很多题通过率只有30%

左右，可见学生在时态上非常混乱，希望同学们在做题时，能够举一反三，真正掌握时态的精髓）。

1. If city noises from increasing, people shout

to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept # will have B. are not kept # have to to

C. do not keep # will have to D. do not keep # have to

2. —Hey, look where you are going? —Oh, I’m terribly sorry. . A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice

3. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You come,

but why didn’t you? A. must have B. should

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C. need have D. ought to have

4. —We could have walked to the station, it was so near.

—Yes, A taxi at all necessary. A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t D. won’t be

5. —Do you know our town at all?

—No, this is the first time I here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

6. Tom into the house when no one . A. slipped # was looking B. had slipped # looked C. slipped # had looked D. was slipping # looked

7. My dictionary . I have looked for it everywhere but still

it.

A. has lost # don’t find B. is missing # don’t find C. has lost # haven’t found D. is missing # haven’t found

8. In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar.

A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

9. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

—Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

10. I need one more stamp before my collection . A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed

11. The sports meeting might be put off.

—Yes, it all depends on the weather.

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A. I’ve been told C. I’m told B. I’ve told D. I told

12. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.

A. read # was falling B. was reading # fell C. was reading # was falling D. read # fell

13. Shirley a book about china last year but I don’t know

whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing

14. You don’t need to describe her. I her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

15. —Who is Jerry Cooper?

— ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet

16. Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her

husband home. A. has left # comes B. left # had come C. had left # came D. left # came

17. —I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.

—What do you suppose to him? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

18. —How long each other before they married?

—For about a year.

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A. have they known # get

B. did they know # were going to get C. do they know # are going to get D. had they known # got

19. The pen I I is on my desk, right under my

nose.

A. think # lost B. thought # had lost C. think # had lost D. thought # have lost

20. —Oh, it’s you! I you.

—I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses. A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize

21. —Nancy is not coming tonight.

—But she ! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised

22. —Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

—I am tired. I the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted

23. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down

24. —You’re drinking too much.

—Only at home. No one me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw

25. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.

A. am taking B. have taken

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C. take D. will have taken

26. All the preparations for the task , and we’re ready to start.

A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed

27. —________ my glasses?

—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen

28. —You’ve left the light on.

—Oh, so I have. and turn it off. A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going

29. —How are you today?

—Oh, I as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt

30. My uncle until he was forty-five.

A. married B. was not married C. was not marrying D. would marry

31. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.

A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

32. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

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