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初三英语复习资料2

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初三英语复习资料

一. 名词

表示人、事物、时间、地点及抽象概念这一名称的词叫名词。

1.名词分:可数名词(有单数和复数形式,数量大于1时用复数)和不可数名词(无复数形式,若要表示复数意义时,要在前面加单位词,复数要体现在前面的单位名词上。不可数名词用人称代词it来指代,谓语动词用单数)。

2.可数名词单数变复数的方法:

(1) 一般情况加s; eg: book--books bag--bags friend--friends

(2). 以s, x, ch , sh结尾的加es. eg: bus--buses class--classes box--boxes watch—watches brush--brushes

(3).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的改y为 i再加 es.(除Aa , Ee , Ii , Oo , Uo外的叫辅音字母)

eg: story--stories city--cities dictionary--dictionaries

(4).以字母o结尾的,有生命的加 es(黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿),无生命的加s.

有生命的: negro----negroes hero----heroes potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes 但bamboo—bamboos除外。

无生命的: radio--radios photo--photos zoo--zoos kilo--kilos zero—zeros video ----- videos 录像 (5)以f或 fe结尾的变 f或 fe为 v,再加 es. 小偷的妻子用半把刀子和叶子把狼的生命结束在架子上。

eg: life--lives knife--knives wife--wives shelf--shelves leaf—leaves half--halves wolf--wolves thief--thieves贼

(6).表示 某国人,口诀为:中、日不变,英法变,其余后面加 s.

Chinese — Chinese Japanese — Japanese Englishman — Englishmen Englishwoman — Englishwomen Frenchman —Frenchmen Frenchwoman — Frenchwomen Australian----Australians American — Americans

German — Germans Canadian — Canadians Russian----Russians

(7)以oo组成的名词,把oo变为ee. eg. foot--feet tooth—teeth 但boot除外(直接加s)。即:boot — boots (8) A.以man 结尾的名词,把字母a变为字母e,但German除外(German — Germans)

e.g. man--men woman--women policeman--policemen

B. 不规则变化: child---children mouse—mice老鼠 C.单复数同形的: deer--deer sheep--sheep fish--fish people—people D. 形式上是复数,意义上是单数,用作单数(作主语,谓语用单数);

news (新闻),math s(数学), physics(物理) , politics(政治 )

e.g. 1. The news (be) very sad. 2. Math ( be ) difficult for many students. E. 形式上是单数,意义上是复数,用作复数(集体名词作主语,be 用are.谓语动词用原形):

people , police , public , class , family , The … family (某人一家) .

The class ______ ( be ) listening to the teacher carefully in class . The people there ________(be) very friendly.

F. the + 姓氏的复数 = the +姓+ family “表示某人一家” eg : The Kings The Smiths the Smith family e.g. The King family often ( go ) out for a holiday on Sunday .

G. 总以复数形式出现的(作主语,谓语动词用原形):shoes , glasses(眼镜), trousers , clothes, scissors, pants 裤子,chopsticks筷子,shorts短裤 , jeans牛仔裤。

e.g. His clothes______ (be) nice. This pair of scissors ( help ) him do many things. (9)复合名词的复数形式:

A.) 一般将主体名词变复数。 e.g. girl friends boy friends girl students banana trees B.) 以man, woman作为第一成分与其它名词构成的复合名词,则man、woman及后面的名词都要变复数。 e.g. man teacher —— men teachers man doctor —— men doctors woman doctor —— women doctors woman teacher —— women teachers man servant----men servants

3.不可数名词表示数量时,要用表示数量的短语。如:a cup of „ , two cups of„ , a glass of , two glasses of… ,

a bottle of„, three bottles of„,a kilo of „,half a kilo of„, two and half a kilo of…= two kilos and a half of… a group of + 名复, a crowd of + 名复, a pair of + 名复, a piece of + 名复 e.g. a piece of paper ; two bags of rice ; three pairs of shoes ; a piece of news

不可数名词,常见的有:air , snow, wind , rain , milk , water , time , money , orange , paper , juice , sugar , salt,bread , work , chicken , meat , pork , food , chalk , rice , tea , music , mutton , beef, porridge , noise , homework,housework、money,knowledge,weather,ice cream等。

不可数名词前一般不用a/an修饰,但可用much ,a lot of ,lots of ,some ,any,little ,a little 等修饰。 e.g. 1.There is so much ___________(water) in the bottle. 2. They have little____________(money)now. 4. 修饰名词复数的词或短语有:(有这些词时,名词用复数)

these, those, many= a lot of=lots of= a number of = large numbers of(许多), several=a few , a group of , some,few,a few

e.g. 1. There are a number of ______ (visitor) in our school these years. 2. These________ (pen) are hers. 常见的修饰可数名词单数的标志词有this , that,a , an 。谓语动词用单数。

(10) 用and 连接两个不可数名词作主语, 谓语用复数。 (be--- are , 实意动词用原形)

e.g. Time and money ______(be) important

名词所有格

名词所有格表示所有关系。在名词后打 “ ’ ‖加s, 表示“„„的” 名词所有格的变化规则:

1.一般在名词词尾加’s(人名后加’s绝对正确) e.g. Lucy’s cat , Tom’s book 2. 以s结尾的复数名词只须加 ’ . e.g. the students’ book , Teachers’ Day

3.不以s结尾的复数名词加’s. eg: children’s book , women’s clothes ,Children’s Day, Women’s Day 4.一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则只在最后一个名词后加 ’s;若是分别拥有时,则每个名词上都要加’s,且名词要用复数。

eg: Lucy and Lily’s room.露西和莉莉的房间 Tom’s and Li Lei’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和李雷的父亲

(二)表示时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命的名词后加’s.

two weeks’time today’s newspaper China’s capital ten minutes’walk

(三)表示无生命的名词所有格,通常用 ―of+无生命名词 ‖ 表示 ―…. 的 ‖ 。

e.g. the top of the mountain the gate of the school the map of China

(四)特殊表达用to. e.g. the answer to the question the key to the door (五)表“店铺”,“某人家” “教堂”的名词所有格后,一般省略名词。

e.g. Li lei and Jim are at Mr Black’s. 2. Li lei and Jim are at the tailor’s at the doctor’s 在医务室 (六)应记住的几个表示法:

1. the Greens(格林一家人);2.一类人:the poor穷人 , the rich富人 the young 年青人

(七)应记住的几个节日:Teachers’ Day Women’s Day Children’s Day Tree Planting Day植树节 National Day国庆节 April Fool’s Day愚人节 Christmas Day The World Environment Day世界环境日 Youth Day 青年节 the Spring Festival 春节 Father’s Day 父亲节 Mother’s Day母亲节 Mid-autumn Day = Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节 (八)名词与其他词类的转化:

(1)名词+y ——表天气的形容词 ( 以不发音e 结尾的,变e为y;重读闭音节结尾的,要双写辅音字母,再加y ) e.g. wind-----windy sun----sunny cloud---- cloudy rain ----rainy f og---foggy mist----misty health----healthy luck---lucky salt—salty noise---- noisy difficult----difficulty (2) 名词+ful / al / en ———形容词

e.g. thank----thankful wonder--- wonderful help---helpful use---useful success—successful color---colorful nation----national tradition----traditional wood---wooden wool---woollen (3) 名词+ern ———形容词(表方位) east----eastern west---- western south---southern north---northern (4) 名词+(无规则)able / ly /ous / …——形容词 enjoy----enjoyable friend---- friendly danger---dangerous change---changeable comfort — comfortable

(5) 名词改变词尾转化为其他名词 science---scientist library---- linrarian friend----freindship

art----artist music----misician violio ----violionist piano----pianist chemist---chemistry化学 discover――discovery disappear――disappearance消失 enter――entrance fly—flight

buy--busy—business—businessman safe――safety invent--invention—inventor begin――beginning train—trainning训练 decide—decision please--pleased--pleasure dry ---- drought true---- truth confidence---confident 练习:

( )1. Tomorrow will be better in China.

A. The next day B. The second day C. The future D. The whole day

( )2. When it was my time to give a speech , I became very neverous . A. duty B. turn C. Chance D. pleasure

( )3. There isn’t enough space in the room . We can’t put the big box in it . A. room B. sky C. place D. air

( )4. Mr Green is speaking to a friend of his wife’s.

A. his wife’s friend B. one of his wife’s friend C. one of his wife friends ( )5. The captain of the football team asked his members to practice at once.

A. striker B. midfield player C. goal-keeeper D. head ( )6. He puts a lot of ______ in the _______ milk .

A. sugar… two cups B. sugars ..two cups C. sugar … two cups of D. sugars… two cups of

( )7. Why are there two pairs of ______ on your bed , Tom ? A. scissors B. scissorses C. glass D. trousers ( )8. Li Feng is a good friend of _____. A. him B. my parents’ C. the girls D. Mr’s Wang ( )9. My desk is between ________. Our deaks are all in the middle of the classroom . A. Li Ping and Wei Hua’s B. Li Ping’s andWei Hua

C. Li Ping’s and Wei Hua’s D. Li Ping ’s or Wei Hua’s

( )10. The Shute Famliy ________ at home last night . A. wasn’t B. not was C. weren’t D. not were ( )11. —What’s in the ________? — There are some _______ and in them .

A. photos , potatos , radios B. photos , potatoes , radios C. photoes , potatos , radioes D. photes , potatoes , radios

12. If you are full of ( confident ) , you will be happy all the time . 13. He lives in the ( west) of China.

14. A person who works in a library is called a ( library ), isn’t it? 15. I haven’t watched _______ ( yesterday ) news on TV . Can you tell it to me ? 17. _______mustn’t drink wine before they drive cars . ( drive) 18. We all felt much _______________( enjoy)

二.代词

代替名词,形容词或数词的词叫代词。 1.人称代词和物主代 代词 单数 复数 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 形容词性my your his her its our your their 物主代词 名词性物mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 主代词 2.用法:主格,宾格不带“的”;形物,名物都带“的”;主格作主语,放句首;宾格作宾语,位于动词,介词后(动宾、介宾结构) 。形物后面有名词,名物后面无名词。(名物=形物+名词) 常接形物的短语有: It’s one’s turn to do sth on one’s way ( to ) on one’s right / left take one’s time 不急,慢慢来 with one’s help set one’s mind to do sth一心想做某事 try one’s best to do sth尽力做某事 make up one’s mind to do sth turn one’s ear to sb =listen to sb take one’s advice 采纳某人的意见

cut one’s hair 理发 on one’s day off 在某人的休息日 in one’s free time= in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间leave one’s job辞职 do one’s homework做作业 without one’s help没有…的帮助 make one’s way to 往„„ 走去

eg: 1. This is _______ (I) book. They are ______ (they). 2. Please tell ______ (he) about it.

3. _________are books (they)

3. 当几个不同的人称代词作主语时,常用and,or等连接,这时的排列顺序为:

单数时:一般先you ,再he,she,最后I 复数时:一般先we , you 然后接 they . e.g. You, he and I are all students.

4. a friend of + 名物 / 形物+名词所有格 / 宾格。

若 of 前为名词, of 后用名词性物主代词或名词所有格;of 前为代词, 数词(some , every…)of 后的代词用宾格。

eg: I met a friend of mine / my sister’s. Some of _______( we) Three of________( they )

5.反身代词:表示‘你自己,我自己,他/她/它自己,他/她/它们自己‖等的代词. (反身代词应和主语保持一致) 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 构成口诀:反身代词反自身,self、selves单复分,一、二人称形物后;第三人称改用宾。 跟反身代词连用的短语有:含有反身代词的固定搭配:

1.teach oneself=learn by oneself自学 2.enjoy oneself =have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快 3.all by oneself独自 4.leave sb by oneself把某人单独留下 5. help oneself to 自用,随便吃些……

6.look after oneself照顾自己 7. come to oneself苏醒/复活 8.say to oneself 自言自语 9.hurt oneself伤着自己 10 look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子 11.dress oneself 穿衣服=get dressed

12. by oneself 靠某人自己 13. lose oneself in 陶醉在,沉浸在„„ eg: 1. Boys and girls , did you enjoy____ on the Children’s Day.

2. She is always thinking of others but never thinks of ____ (she). 6..不定代词(既可指人也可指物):

(1.)both 都(两个人或物,后面谓语动词用复数)

neither两者都不(两个当中没有人或物,谓语动词用单数)

(2.) all 全体/全部(三者及以上, 谓语动词用单复数由名词决定。 e.g. All the food is on the table . ) none 没有人或物(三者及以上, 谓语动词用单数)

(3.) many 许多(修饰可数名词) (4. )how many +可数名词复数

much许多(修饰不可数名词) how much +不可数名词

(5.) few (修饰可数名词, 表否定)

a few (修饰可数名词,表肯定) =several =some = more than three

(6.)each每个(强调个体) (7.)a little(修饰不可数名词,表肯定)

every每个(强调整体,近似all) little(修饰不可数名词, 表否定)

(8.)some… the others…一些……其他的……(数量固定) (9.)one…another… 一个…… 另一个 ……. (数量

不固定) some…others… 一些 ……其余的 ……(数量不固定) one…the other…. 一个……另一个……(限于两者间) either 任何一个(两个当中,后接谓语动词的单数) (10.)some 一些(用于肯定句,但在表示请求或邀请时也可用于疑问句) any 一些(用于否定句或疑问句)

(11.)复合不定代词,跟some连用的用于肯定句(但表示请求,建议,邀请时也可用于疑问句);跟any连用

的用于疑问句或否定句;跟no 连用的表否定意义;跟every连用的表示全部,泛指所有人或事物。 somebody /someone某人 something /sth 某事 somewhere某地 anybody /anyone 任何人 anything 任何事 anywhere 任何地方

nobody/ no one 没人,无人 nothing 没事,没什么 nowhere 没地方

everybody / everyone 每人 everything 一切 everywhere 到处

用法: ( a.)不定代词一般作名词用,在句中用作主语或宾语。在句中作主语时,看作单数,谓语用单数。

e.g. 1.____ everyone here today ? (be) 2. Nobody _____( help) you.

(b.)当句中的主语是指人的不定代词时,如:everybody,anyone等时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分主语用they;如果是指物的不定代词,如nothing,everything 等时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分主语用it。

e.g. Everyone has been in the meeting room , haven’t they ? Nothing can stop you from playing basketball,can it ? (c.)不定代词被形容词或动词不定式等修饰时,形容词、不定式一般要放在不定代词后。

e.g. Do you have anything important to tell us ? something to eat / to drink 一些吃喝的东西

(12.)指示代词:this(这个) pl these(这些) , that(那个) pl those(那些)

在电话用语中,互问对方姓名,在不知对方前用this指代“我”,而用that指代“你”。 e.g. — This is Li Ping . Is that Lucy ? — Yes, It is . Oh Li Ping ,How is everything going ? (13.) too much 太多的 (adj. 修饰不可数名词) eg : I have too much homework to do . too many 太多的 (adj. 修饰可数名词的复数) e.g. There are too many flowers in this city .

much too 太 (adv, 修饰 形、副) The camera is much too cheap . (14.)a lot = very much 很,十分

a lot of = lots of = many= a number of +名词复数 许多 (修饰可数名词复数) a lot of = lots of = much 许多 (修饰不可数名词)

a large number of = large numbers of +名复=quite many “许许多多的”

(15.) every+基数词+名词复数 表示“每…..” e.g : every two students . every three years

(16.) all of + 名词复数 / 代词宾格 “„„中的全部,„„都” (用于三者及以上 ,作主语,谓语用复数。) both… and … “„„和„„都” (用于两者 ,作主语,谓语用复数。) both of +宾格/ 名词 “„„中两个都” (用于两者, 作主语,谓语用复数。) eg: 1.All of the students come from Beijing. 2. Both you and she are students. 3. Both of my parents are watching TV.

(17.) one of + the+形容词最高级 +名词复数 + 动词的单数 或 one of +宾格 “„„ 之一”

each of + 名词复数/代词宾格 “„„中的每一个” (作主语,谓语用单数。) either of ―„„ 中的一个‖ (作主语,谓语用单数。)

neither of “„„两者中无一个” (作主语,谓语用单数。)

e.g: 1. One of the students _____ (be) from Dali. 2. None of the teachers_______( know ) me.

3. Neither of the twins_____ ( be) going to there.

(18.) either „ or „ “或者„„ 或者„„‖ (作主语,谓语与离他们最近的主语保持一致(临近原则)) neither… nor… ― 既不„„也不„„‖ (作主语,谓语与离他们最近的主语保持一致(临近原则)) not only … but also … “不但„„而且„„‖ (作主语,谓语与离他们最近的主语保持一致(临近原则)) e.g: 1. Neither you nor I ______( be) right. 2 . Not only you but also she ______ ( come ) here early. (19).疑问代词:who谁(主格), whom谁(宾格) , whose 谁的(形物) (20) .代词:one 代替前面提到的单数名词。 eg : Who is that man ? Which one ?

ones代替前面提到的复数名词。 e.g. What books do you like ? I like these ones.

(21.)关系代词(相互代词):

each other 彼此,互相(两者) ——— each other’s 彼此的

one another 彼此,互相(三者及以上) ——— one another’s eg: The twins often wears each other’s clothes. (each other)

(22.)such “如此,这样”,such一般用作定语,后修饰名词,名词前一般有形容词,如果名词是可数名词的单数时,要在such后加冠词a/an 。

so “如此”,作副词用,用以修饰形容词或副词,放在形容词或副词之前。如果名词前有many,much时

用so,而不用such。

e.g. Look, Li Ping is running so fast ,how can I catch up with him ? There are so many people . They are watching such an exciting football match . so „ that 如此„„ 以致于 such„ that 如此„„ 以致于

三.动词

动词表示动作或状态,性质,一般在句中作谓语。动词分为实意动词、助动词,系动词,情态动词 四大类。 (1)实意动词:也叫行为动词,是表示人物的行为、动作、心理活动的词。如:give,help,think ,want等。实

意动词有动词原形、过去式、过去分词、单三、现在分词五种形式。含实意动词的句子转换为否定句、疑问句时要借助助动词do/does/did等。

(2)助动词:do, does, did ( 构成否定句和疑问句,加强语气) , have , has, had(与过去分词构成完成时),

will ,shall , should, would+ 动词原形;本身无词义,帮助实义动词表否定、疑问。

(3)连系动词:be (am , is ,are , was ,were,been,being) , fee l , look , become , keep, seem , taste, get, turn , sound , smell ,

get等后接形容词,名词,副词和介词短语,构成系表结构。(但多数情况后跟形容词) 。 He is _____________ than I think . ( friend) They look tired today. I feel sorry for it. 系表结构的典型例子:

get warm 变暖 turn green 变绿 feel worried 感到忧虑 feel tired 感到疲劳 fall asleep 入睡 sound beautiful听起来优美 taste delicious 尝起来美味 keep healthy 保持健康 keep busy 忙忙碌碌 come true 实现 grow old 变老了 get lost 丢失,迷路 get married 结 get together 相聚 get hurt 受伤 (4)情态动词:can /could , may/might , must , need , would , shall / should , have to/has to / had to , be able to,used to

等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,后必须跟动词原形构成谓语。 have to = must don’t have to =needn’t 不必 can = be able to 注:need 也可作实义动词

用法为: need 单三 needs need to do sth(主语为人) You need ___________(wear) warm clothes.

need doing sth(主语为物) The watch need ____________ ( mend) . must 开头的句子,否定回答用needn’t. eg:— Must I hand in my homework now? —No, you needn’t. may 开头的句子, 否定回答用mustn’t (不可以) eg:—May I close the window ? —No,you mustn’t. 八种时态的构成:

1 一般现在时:主语+动词原形+其它 / 主语+动词的单三形式 + 其它。

2. 一般过去时:主语+动词的过去式+其他

3.现在进行时:主语+am /is /are+ 现在分词 (动词- ing) 4.过去进行时:主语+was/were+现在分词+其它 5.一般将来时:主语+助动词will+动词原形+其它

主语+be going to+动词原形+其它 (be为am, is , are)

6.过去将来时:主语+would+动词原形+其它

主语+was/were going to+动词原形+其它 7.现在完成时:主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它 8.过去完成时:主语+助动词had+过去分词+其它

(一)一般现在时

1.用法:表示经常性或习惯性的动作;(2)现在的状态;(3)表示客观事实,真理,格言。 2.构成:

(1)谓语为be: 主语+am / is / are+其它

句型转换:be之后加not构成否定句, be提到句首构成一般疑问句。 (2.)谓语为实意动词时:

1.主语为I/we/ you / they或名词复数时: 主语+动词原形+其它 eg: I write a letter. 主语为单三he/she/it或单数名词时: 主语+动词单三+其它. e.g. He writes a letter.

2.疑问句:主语为I / we/ you / they时, 借助助动词do , 助动词后用动词原形 e.g: Do you have a book ? 主语为单三he /she / It时, 借助助动词does,助动词后用动词原形。 e.g: Does she work here? 回答:肯定: Yes, 主语+do/does 否定: No,主语+don’t / doesn’t 3.否定句: 主语为I/ we / you/ they时, 借助助动词don’t, 后用动词原形

主语为单三he / she / It时, 借助助动词doesn’t ,后用动词原形。 I don’t write a letter. He doesn’t write a letter.

4.标志词: often(常常), usually( 经常),sometimes= don’t often( 有时),every day / week /month / year每天/周/月/年,always( 总是), seldom(很少), hardly ever , never , on Sundays等词。

5.表示客观真理、名言、实事时用一般现在时态。 1.The moon travels round the earth . 2. 10 and 1 is 11. 6. 在时间(when , until , as soon as , by the time引导的) , 和if引导的条件状语从句中,主将从现 。 e.g: The boy won’t leave the island until the find their baskets. e.g: We will go to the mountains if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 主语为单三时,动词单三的变化规则:

【1】.一般在动词词尾加s. e.g. talk — talks 【2】以s、x、ch、sh 、o接尾的动词加es . e.g. watch — watches 【3】― 辅音+y‖ 结尾的动词改y为i再加es. e.g. study — studies

【4】 不规则的:have — has do — does go — goes

1. They often _______to play in the park on Sunday.(go) 2. What ____Mr Brown ____?—He’s a doctor. (do) 3. I know Li Lei .He ______ in the third row.(sit) 4.-When ______he usually ______football? -On Sunday afternoon.(play)

5. Miss Li ,our English teacher, sometimes _______us a little French in class.(teach)

(二).一般过去时

1.用法:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.构成:

(1)谓语动词为be时: 主语+was/were +其他 (主语为第一人称单数时用was,其余用were)。 句型转换:否定句在was/were后加not; 一般疑问句把was/were提到句首。 e.g: She was a student two years ago. 两年前她是学生。

They were not at home last Sunday. 上星期天他们不在家。

Were you here just now ? 刚才您在这儿吗? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

(2)谓语动词为行为动词(实意动词):主语+动词的过去式+其他(否定,疑问句要借助助动词did或didn’t) 否定句:主语+didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 :Did+主语+动词原形+其他 eg: His father went to Beijing last Sunday. 上星期天他爸爸去北京。 We didn’t enjoy ourselves last night. 昨晚我们玩得不高兴。

Did they watch TV last night? 昨晚他们看电视了吗? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t. 3.动词过去式的构成规则:

(1)一般在动词原形末尾加—ed; e.g: look — looked play — played start — started (2) 以e 结尾的加-d ; eg: move--moved live--lived hope--hoped

(3)有一个辅音字母(辅音字母前不能有两个元音)接尾的重读闭音节词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed; e.g: stop--stopped plan--planned trip--tripped drop--dropped prefer—preferred rob -- robbed trap--trapped (4)―辅音字母+y结尾‖的动词,改y为i,再加-ed ; eg: study--studied carry--carried worry--worried copy—copied

(5)不规则的须死记(见不规则动词表)。写出下列动词的过去式:

have — laugh— enjoy— reach— hit— change— drop— go— 4.一般过去时的时间状语(标志词):

【1】“yesterday一家” 如:yesterday昨天 , yesterday morning / afternoon / evening 昨早 / 昨天下午/ 昨 the day before yesterday前天

【2】“last一家” 如: last week上周, last year,last night,last month ,last term , last Monday 【3】“ago一家” a moment ago刚才,ten days ago, an hour ago ,ten minutes ago

【4】其他: in 1999/ 2002 , this morning ,just now刚才,long long ago ,in the old days等。 e.g: 1.They______ (play) football on the playground just now. 2.____ he _______ (go)swimming last summer? 3. My brother_______ (study)Russian in 2002. 4. I _______ rather weak yesterday. (feel)

5. When we _______ (get) home, we were all wet. 6. When _______ your uncle______ (come) to see you last time?

7. Tom ________(be) at home yesterday, wasn’t he? 8. He _________ us a story yesterday evening.(not tell)

(三).现在进行时

1.用法:表示现阶段动作正在进行或发生。

2.构成:主语+am / is / are+ 现在分词(动词- ing) +其它 3.动词现在分词的变化规则共(三条):

1.一般在动词词尾加-ing; e.g. go — going

2以不发音字母 e 结尾的去e再加-ing; e.g. take — taking have — having

3末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词(前面只有一个元音字母),要双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ing.

常见要双写的词有:(共13个):put(放), let(让),swim(游泳), begin(开始) , run(跑), get(得到), sit(坐) cut(砍), nod(点头), travel(旅行), plan计划 , babysit(临时照顾),spit(吐痰)思考:eat, speak, mend为何不双写?

即:put--putting let--letting begin--beginning run—running get---getting sit---sitting cut---cutting nod--nodding travel---traveling forget—forgetting plan— planning babysit—babysitting spit――spitting

4. 以ie 结尾的,把ie改为y,再加-ing . e g : die— dying lie— lying tie—tying

4.标志词:look! Listen! Now , keep quiet / be quiet , present , right now , at present , at the moment , stop talking , Don’t make a noise , these days .等。

eg:The scientists ( study ) the universe these days. 1. It (rain) hard now.

2. What ( do ) your sister? 3. She to the radio in her room.(listen)

4. What _____ he______?(do) 5.He at a maths problem. (work) 6.. Don’t make a noise. The baby . (sleep)

(四).过去进行时

1.用法:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。 2.构成:主语+was/were+现在分词+其它 3. 时间状语:this time yesterday, at eight yesterday, at that time, at that moment, from ten to twelve last night , at 9:00 yesterday morning等。在When, while引导的时间状语从句中,也常用过去进行时。 Eg: 1. Peter was writing (write) a letter this time yesterday.

2. We were watching (watch) TV when she knocked at the door. 3. While I was doing (do) my homework, the light went out.

4. 用when , while 引导的时间状语从句中:when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时;while引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时。

eg: They were drawing pictures when the teacher came in . She ( laugh) when class began .

His books ( drop) on the ground when the old man ________ ( walk) in the park.

(五).一般将来时

1.用法:表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

2. 标志词:常与tomorrow ,next week / year / month / term , tomorrow morning ,from now on=in the future从今以后,

the day after tomorrow , in + 一段时间,soon 等时间状语连用。

2.构成:

(1)主语+助动词will+动词原形+其它 (否定句:will后加not , will not=won’t. 一般疑问句:will提到句首) (2)主语 + be going to+ 动词原形+其它 (否定句be后加not;一般疑问句 , be提到句首. (3)在疑问句中,主语为第一人称I /we时,只能用shall+动词原形? e g : Shall I/we go?

(4)有些词如come, go, fly, leave, start / begin等可以用进行时态表将来。 e. g: She is coming. I’m leaving for Beijing.

e.g: 1.There will be/are going to be (be) two meetings next week. 2. Mother is ill. My uncle will see (see) her

soon..

3. Mr Ling is going to teach/will teach (teach) us Chinese next term.

4. In a week we will have (have) an English test. 5. If he doesn’t work hard, he won’t pass (not pass) the exam.

(六).过去将来时

1.用法:表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是过去时态的宾语从句。 2.构成:主语+would+动词原形+其它

主语+was/were going to+动词原形+其它

Shall+主语+动词原形(在疑问句中,主语为第一人称I/we时) e g: 1. We asked him where we a meeting.(have)

2.John asked if the Greens their holiday in the south next year. (spend) (七).现在完成时

1.用法: (1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.

(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到 现在包括“现

在”在内的一段时间状语连用。如:for a long time (很长一段时间), since last year(自从去年)等。(For后接一段时间,since后跟过去的时间或一般过去时态的句子。) ※ 在这种用法里,动词必须是延续性动词

e.g. Uncle Li has been dead for 10 years . The film has been on for half an hour . 2.构成:主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其它(过去分词的构成跟过去时相同)

句型转换:否定句在have/ has后加not即:

主语+助动词have/has+ not +过去分词+其它; 一般疑问句把have/ has提句首。 e.g. — Where is your brother? — He has gone to the library.(go) The baby has cried (cry) several times. 3. I have known Mr li since I come to study at this time. (know) 3.时间状语(标志词):几大副词:already(已经),yet(仍然,还); just(刚刚), before(以前),once (曾经), never(从来不), ever(曾经);

for , since(自从), recently最近 , so far / up to now / by now, in one’s life(在一生中) 。

次数的词 、短语:once , twice , three times …… this year alone今年以来 , in the last ten years 在过去十年中, how long 。

e.g. 1. I _____ never_______ (be) abroad before. 2. ______ you_______ (finish) your work yet? 3. I________( read) the books twice. 4. They ___________ ( return) their book yet . 5. He __________( live) here ll his life. 6. I _______(dig) the hole already.

7. How long have you been here ? (be) 8. In the last five months , they have planted ten thousand trees. (plant)

(八).过去完成时

1.用法:(1)过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作,即动作发生在过去的过去。

标志词为:by+过去某一段时间 , by the end of +过去某一段时间,before+过去某一段时间, by the time + 从句 等介词短语或when , after, before引导的时间状语表示。 2.构成:主语+助动词had+过去分词+其它

eg: 1. When mother came back , I ______ already _______my homework.(finish).母亲回来时,我已完成了作业。

2. By the end of last term , we_________ English for five years. ( study) 到上学期末,我们已学了五年英语。

被动语态

英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:主语+ am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词 +其它( 否定形式在be 后加not ) eg: The classroom is cleaned by the students. Cooker(炊具) is used for cooking. 2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:主语+ was/were +及物动词的过去分词 +其它( 否定形式在was / were 后加not )

eg: The book was written by the writer. The bridges were built many years ago.

3含有情态动词的被动语态构成:主语+ 情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 +其它( 否定形式在情态动词 后加not ) 情态动词指:can /could/ may/ must/might/shall/should/ will / would

eg: The flowers should be often watered. Their exercise-books must be handed in.(交) 4. 现在完成时态的被动语态:主语+have / has+ been+及物动词的过去分词 +其它

5.一感(feel)二听(hear , listen)三让(let,have,make)五看(look,see,notice, watch,observe)后的动词在主动语态里动词用原形,在被动语态里用动词不定式(to+动词原形)。 e.g. The boy saw someone come into his house .

Someone was seen to come into his house by the boy. (come) The students was made to stand outside the door .(stand)

非谓语动词

(一) 动词原形:以下这些词后要用动词原形

1. let(let’s) , shall I / we, why not / why don’t you , will / would / could you please , had better ( not ) ,

too+形/ 副原级+to+动词原形(太„„ 而不能),help sb. do sth.

2.情态动词can / could 、may/might、 must、need、 have / has to/ had to , will / would ,used to ,be able to

3.感观动词和使役动词: (五看、三让、二听、一感觉)watch , notice , see , look at , observe ,listen,hear, let , make, have,

feel 后跟动词原形。后跟动词(V-ing),表示动作正在进行。

(二)动词不定式: (to+动词原形 ,否定形式在to前加not , 即:not to do)

※ 不定式或动名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。 To go across the road is not safe when the light is red . ( be) Going across the road is not safe when the light is red . ( be) want to do sth想做某事 like to do sth喜欢做某事 try to do sth试图做某事 love to do sth喜欢做某事 need to do sth需要做某事 learn to do sth学做某事 begin / start to do sth开始做某事 forget to do sth忘了去做某事 remember to do sth记得去做某事 offer to do sth提供做某事 decide to do sth决定做某事 encourage sb. to do sth鼓励某人做某事

would like to do sth 想要做某事 choose to do sth选择做某事 refuse to do sth拒绝做某事 stop to do sth停下某事去做某事 hope to do sth希望做某事 afford to do sth.有能力做某事 can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 try one’s best to do sth尽力做某事

set one’s mind to do sth一心想做某事 make up one’s mind to do sth下决心做某事 have sth. to do 有某事要做

teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不(3.)finish doing sth做完某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 keep (on) doing sth一直做某事 hate doing sth =dislike doing sth讨厌做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 give up doing sth放弃做某事 做某事

ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人不做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

warn sb not to do sth警告某人不做某事 It’s time for sb to do sth该某人做…的时候了=It’s one’s turn to do sth.

fail to do sth. 做某事失败 deserve to do sth. 应该/应得做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 希望做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事

have no need / time to do sth.没有必要/ 时间做某事 find it difficult / hard to do sth. 发现做某事困难 It takes sb. + 一段时间+to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事

不定代词 + to do e g : something to eat/ drink I have something important to tell you. It is + 形容词 + to do sth. (it 做形式主语,动词不定式做真正的主语) e.g. It is interesting to play soccer . 疑问词(what/ how/ which /when/where/who)和动词不定式连用,即:疑问词+to do e.g. I don’t know what to do

eg: 1.Would you like (go) swimming with me? 2. I want (buy) some apples.

3. We need (wear) warm clothes in winter. 4. I’ll try (not be) late again. ※ 表示感情色彩的词后要用动词不定式 eg: Nice/Pleased (see) you. I’m sorry (hear) that. ※ 不定式作状语(目的,原因,结果)

e.g:He came __________ ( teach ) the little girl . I went ________( visit ) my uncle last night .( 目的)

What has he said ________( make ) you so sad? They lifted a rocked only _________(drop) in on their own feet . (结果)

※ be+ to do (动词不定式作宾语) e.g. My job is to teach students.

※ help 后既可以跟动词原形,也可以接动词不定式。 e.g. Can you help me to learn / learn English.

(三)动名词 (V-ing)

(1)介词in , on,at, for , with , without , about , of , from,by,before后的动词用动名词。

e.g: 1.Thank you for (help) me. 2. He is good at (play) volleyball.

3. The boy got up and went on (run). 4. The heavy rain stopped us from (go) to the sea. (2).go+ V-ing 或do some +V-ing表示一种活动或习惯。

do some shopping买东西 do the / some washing 洗衣服 do some reading读书 do some cleaning打扫卫生 do some cooking做饭 do some walking散步 do some running 跑步 go fishing去钓鱼、 go boating去划船 go shopping去买东西 go hunting去打猎 go swimming去游泳 go walking去散步 go hiking去远足 go skating去滑冰 go water-skiing去划水 go surfing去冲浪 go scuba diving去潜水 go dancing 去跳舞 go running去跑步

feel like doing sth 想要做某事 can’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事

prefer+ doing to+ doing 宁愿…而不愿… There be „ doing sth. 有… 正在做某事 have great/ some fun ( in ) doing sth. 在做…中获得很大的乐趣

have some problems ( in) doing sth做某事有问题 have some difficulty( in) doing sth做某事有困难 spend „ ( in) doing sth 在做某事上花去….(时间,金钱) find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 be succeed ( in) doing sth 已成功的做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 (to是介词) make a contribution to doing sth. 为做某事而贡献(to是介词)

be excited about doing sth. 对„„感到兴奋

动名词作主语 e.g. Walking after supper is good for your health . (walk)

eg: 1.when I’m tired , I enjoy_______(listen) to music. 2 They are busy_________ (get) ready for the next year. 3. I don’t feel like_______(eat). 4. They have problem ___________( carry )the things. 5. I have difficulty in ______( study) English. 6. Stop ________ ( talk) , the teacher said .

7. There is someone ______ in the room. ( sing) 8. There is a truck rubbish. (collect) 9. Thank you for ( help) me . 10. She is afraid of _____ ( stay) here by herself. (4)含有动名词形式的短语:

reading room 阅览室 sleeping car 卧铺车厢 the starting line起跑线 the finishing line终点线 sitting room = living room起居室 shopping list购物清单 waiting room 等候室,候诊/车/机室 writing brush 毛笔 standing room立足之地 sleeping pill 安眠药 shopping basket购物篮 dining room / hall 餐厅 meeting room 会议室 eating habit饮食习惯 swimming pool游泳池 shopping center购物中心 washing machine 洗衣机 cutting machine切割机 (5.)在以下这几组词里后接动名词和动词不定式意思有区别:

(a.)go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 (b.)forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事

(c.)remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 (d.)stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 remember doing sth.记得已做过某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事

(e.)like to do sth. 喜欢做某事(表一次具体的动作或短暂的动作) like doing sth. 喜欢做某事(表习惯性的动作)

(f.)need to do sth. 需要做某事(主语为人,用于主动语态) (g.)begin/start to do sth. 开始做某事 need doing sth. 需要做某事(主语为物,用于被动语态) begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事 eg: 1.when I’m tired , I enjoy (listen) to music. 2. They are busy (get) ready for the next year. 【6】动词与其他词的转换:

(1) 动词加er/ or 变为实施者或表职业的名词, 复数加s

speak---speaker write----writer read----reader ride---- rider clean----cleaner

play—player travel—traveller (traveler) own—owner wait----waiter男服务员 /waitress女服务员 climb----climber teach----teacher drive----driver draw----drawer cook----cooker 炊

具 surf---surfer dive----diver manage----manager golf----golfer

build----builder dream----dreamer lead----leader buy---buyer skate----skater A.副词修饰形容词和副词放于该词前。 e.g: He is very old. B.副词修饰动词时,放于动词后。 eg: He runs fast.

work--worker 工人

perform (v) 表演-----performer表演者 sell----seller program----programmer swim---swimmer run----runner win----winner visit---visitor invent---inventor发明家 use --- user 使用者

act----actor男演员—actress女演员 strike――striker 前锋 manage---- manager经理 eg:1. All the ___________(run) get ready to go. 2. Tomorrow is __________________teach) Day. 3.How many___________ (invent) has he made so far ? 5. Can you cut the pear into_________ ( half).

(2) 部分动词加-ing 转化为名词: mean----meaning build---building meet-----meeting cross----crossing turn---turning train—training surf---surfing begin--beginning (3)部分动词加ion / ure/sion /ment/ance等 转化为名词:

invent----invention discuss----discussion pollute---pollution contribute-----contribution decide—decision describe----description die----death enjoy――enjoyment

invite----invitation please---pleasure――pleasant appear----appearance disappear----disapperance fly----flight know---knowledge enter----entrance rob---robber-----robbbery manage――management (4)表示情感方面的加ed或ing构成形容词:

interest---- interesting ------interested excite-----exciting----excited amaze----amazing -----amazed surprise---suprising---surprised relax-------relaxing------relaxed live----living-----alive worry---worried 担忧的 tire----tired疲倦的 (5) 部分动词的过去分词可作形容词:

break----broken close-----closed give-----given speak----spoken marry----married pass---- past (6)少数动词前加a变成表语形容词: sleep----asleep live----alive wake----awake

四.形容词和副词

1形容词:表示人或事物的性质,状态和特征。用法:

A.作定语:放于名词前,修饰名词即:形+名词。 e.g: He is a good boy. B.作表语:放于系动词后,构成系表结构。即:系动词+形容词 e.g: She is tall. C.作宾语补足语:通常在keep , get , have , find后。即:( make/ keep/find / have+ n.+ adj )

eg: 1.Please keep the room clean. 2. The game can make you happy. 3. Many people find computer useful. D.形容词修饰不定代词,放于不定代词后。I have something new to tell you. E. enough ―足够的‖修饰形容词或副词,后置。修饰名词放于前。 (名前形副后) The boy is old enough to go to school.

F.复合形容词(即“数词+名词单数” 称复合形容词 )

We have a long time for two—week holiday两周的假期 two — week holiday = two weeks’ holiday G .有部分动词加ed或 ing构成形容词。加ed的形容词主语为人(修饰人);加ing 的形容词主语为物(修饰物)。

如:interesting , exciting , boring , amazing , surprising , moving , interested , excited , amazed , surprised ,

frighten , tired , pleased , worried .

2.副词:修饰动词,副词和形容词。用法:

C.与时间有关的频度副词 、否定副词,常放于动词之前。 eg: I often write to my mother . We never go out .

D.副词修饰整个句子,放在句首。eg: 1. ______, he find his lost daughter.(luck)

2. ______he comes on time.(final )

副词的构成:1)本身就是副词,如: well 2) 由形容词+ ly 构成.

A“.辅音+ y ‖结尾的改y为i再加ly. eg: easy---easily happy---happily heavy--heavily B.词尾是ue的,去e加ly. eg: true--truly

C. 词尾是ll 的,直接加y. eg: full—fully careful-carefully

D. 词尾是 le 时 ,去 e 加y. eg: possible--possibly probable — probably terrible — terribly

comfortable――comfortably

3.基数词变频度副词的有: one ――once一次 two ―― twice 两次 I have been to America______ (two)

提问频度的副词用how often (多久一次) e.g How often do you watch TV ? 回答用often, usually , sometimes, always , never , hardly ever,once a week 等.

4. 形容词和副词同形的词有:hard(困难的,努力地,雨、雪下得大), early(早的),late(迟的、晚的),fast(快的)

5.形容词和副词的等级变化规则:(比较级和最高级)

a. 一般在词尾加er或est. eg: tall---taller---tallest

b. 以字母e结尾的, 加r 或st. e.g fine--finer--finest nice――nicer――nicest

c.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词应双写辅音字母再加er或est. hot--hotter--hottest big--bigger—biggest red--redder-- reddest wet--wetter--wettest thin--thinner--thinnest fat--fatter--fattest

d.多音节或部分双音节词,要在前加more或 most.常见的有:delicious, dangerous, careful, carefully , expensive ,beautiful, important, popular ,friendly, slowly, terrible, outgoing , interesting, traditional,comfortable,enjoyable 等。

不规则变化共10个:good/well-----better-----best bad/badly/ill------worse------worst little------less-----least many/much-----more-----most (few----fewer----fewest) far-----farther/further-----farthest/furthest 6.级:不跟任何事物比较用原形;两者比较用比较级;三者及以上用最高级(形容词最高级前一定要用 the,但当

形容词前有物主代词或所有格形式时,则不用定冠词。副词最高级前可加也可不加the)。 eg: 1.Please give my best wishes to your sister, Lucy . 2. This is one of his most luck days in Beijing . 1.Today is his happiest day . 2. Give my best wishes to your family. 3. She is as fat as me.

7.标志词:比较级:than,比较级前可用much , a bit , a little , even ,rather , still , far , by far , rather , no,a lot等词修饰。

最高级的标志词:of all,of the three ,in„ 等

用法: (1.)A>B: 比较级+ than e g : She is____________ (tall ) than me.

(2) 同级比较:肯定形式:A=B: as+形/副原级+as “ 和…一样” eg: Tom jump as____ ( high) as Jack.

(3) 否定形式:A≠B: not as/so+ 原级+as “ 和…不一样” eg: It’s not as_____ ( warm) today as yesterday. (4)表示倍数,如“一半/两倍/三倍.......’等用 ―half/twice/three…times+ as+ adj / adv+ as…‖结构(…是。。。

的几倍)

e g : This room is four times as large as that one. This river is ______ that one.

A. four times as wide as B. as wide as four times C. four times D. times four ※as前是系动词,中间用形容词,as前是实义动词,中间用副词. eg: 1.Tom was ill yesterday and he is even____ (ill) today.

ordinary book ,a useful man,an umbrella 。 但在字母a , e, f, h,i, l,m,n, o , r ,s ,x前也用冠词an 。

e.g. There is “u ” and ― s ‖ in the word ― us ‖ . A. an „ a B. a „ an C. a „ a D. an „ an 不定冠词a/an的用法: 2. You must eat ______ (little)and do more exercises. 3. Who is the______ of in the three? (tall) 1)泛指一类人或事物中的任何一个; e g: This is _____ useful book. There is _____ ―f ―in the word ―knife‖. (a)

4. She didn’t get up as_______ as usual today.(early) 5. She is much____________ (beautiful) than before. 8.“比较级+and+比较级”译为:“越来越……” eg: faster and faster better and better more and more beautiful

1. Our county is becoming_________ and ________(beautiful). 2. She is____ and _____ (fat). 9. ― the+比较级, the+比较级 ‖ 译为“越……就越……‖ eg: The more, the better. 10.one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数

e g: 1. Shanghai is one of____ cities in China. A .big B. biger C .bigger D the biggest 2. Mrs Li is one of the most popular ____in our school. A. teach B .teacher C .teachers Which(who)is+ the+形容词最高级? 那个最 。。。。? Who is the most popular singers of all ? 11.the+序数词+最高级 eg: Chang Jiang River is the longest in China. 2. Huang River is _____ in China.

A .large B . the large C .the second largest D .the largest 12. or连接两个名词时,用比较级;连接三个名词,用最高级。

eg: Which do you like____ ,potatoes, meat or eggs? A . good B .better C. best D .the best 13.比较级+than +any other+ 单数名词 (用比较级表示最高级的意义)

eg: He is taller than any other ____ in our class. A .boy B .boys C . girl D. girls

14.It is/was + adj + of/for+名词/代词+ to do (不定式)常用于这一句型的adj有 : nice ,careful / careless, foolish (愚蠢的),honest(诚实的), kind , nice , good 等

eg : 1. It’s very kind of you to say so. 2. It was good of Mary to clean the room for us.

15.在比较级结构中,用that代替than前提到的单数名词或不可数名词;用those代替than前的复数名词。

e.g. The population of China is larger than that in Britain. The weather here in Yunnan is warmer than that in Beijing . The students in this class are more than those in that class. 16. 与形容词或副词有关短语的用法:

【1】 prefer = like better 更喜欢 【2】prefer …to …= like …better than …喜欢…胜过喜欢… e. g : I prefer football better than baseball. 【3】prefer to + v原形… rather than + v原形… 宁愿做…而不愿做….

e. g :She prefer to______ ( be) a teacher rather than a teacher when she was at the college . I prefer to stay at home rather than______ ( go) to the cinema

【4】 How long 多长时间 how often 每隔多久(频率) how soon再过多久(将来)

Eg: How long did he stay here ? How often does he come here ? How soon will he be back?

五.冠词

冠词是放在名词前的虚词。冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a/ an.

1. a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。eg: an honest man , half an hour, an 2)指某人或某物,但不具体说明是某人或某物。 eg: A girl is waiting for you. 3) 表示“一个”,但数的概念没有one 强. eg: three meal a day. 4)用于某些固定词组中:a bit a few a little a lot of 等。

5)用在 ―such a / an… ‖ 、quite a / an… 、 what a/ an … 、many a … rather a …的短语结构、感叹句中。 e.g: 1. such an interesting football . 2. What a clever boy ! 3. quite a nice girl. 4. She is rather an artist 定冠词the的用法: 1)特指某人或某物; e.g. The book on the desk is mine.

2)第二次提到的人或物(第一次提到用a/an) e.g. John bought a pen and the pen is red. 3)指说话双方都知道的人或物。 eg: Close the door, please.

4) 用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。 eg: the sun the moon the star 5) 用于序数词,形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。

1. Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 2. January is the first month of the year. 3. The sun rises in the east. 6)在某些形容词前加定冠词表示一类人或物。 eg: the old (老人) the poor(穷人)

7)由普通名词构成的专有名词;eg: the Great Wall the People’s Republic of China (PRC)中华人民共和国 8) 用在一些习惯用语中。 in the middle of in the front of in the end in the day 9)用在乐器名词前。 eg: play the violin play the guitar play the piano 10)the + 人名s(姓氏的复数) 表“… 一家 ” e g : The Greens The Lucys 不用冠词的情况(零冠词): 1)专有名词前: eg: Germany德国 Class One

2)物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。 e g: ink墨水 paper、 water、 work、 happiness 、life等 3)名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。

This is John’s coat. The letter is in her basket.

4) 在节日,月份,星期前: eg: School begins in August. We have an English class on Friday.

※ 但the Spring Festival 例外

5)在称呼或表示头衔的名词前:eg: Where are you going , Grany?

6)在一日三餐 、球类运动、棋牌 、学科名称前。 eg: He goes to school after lunch.

Play basketball / games / football / volleyball / ping-pong / tennis play cards 打牌 play bridge 打桥牌 Play golf 打高尔夫球 have breakfast/ lunch / supper / dinner

7) 两个相对或相同的名词并用时,也不用冠词。 eg: sun and moon face to face hand in hand day and night

六.介词

介词又叫前置词,它不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词或代词构成介词短语,才能在句中充当一定成分。

1介词短语的作用:

1)作表语: eg: She is from Shanghai.2)作定语: eg: the book on the desk is our teachers’. 3)作状语: eg: He likes to swim in the lake. four five fourth 4 th fifth 5 th sixth 6 th seventh 7 th eighth 8 th ninth 9 th tenth 10 th fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty fourteenth 14 th fifteenth 15 th sixteenth 16 th seventeenth 17 th Eighteenth 18 th nineteenth 19 th twentieth 20 th fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety A hundred fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth A hundredth 2 . in danger 处于危险中 in trouble 遇到麻烦,处于麻烦中 in surprise 惊奇地 be in=be at home 在家 six be in =be wearing 穿着 about =on 关于 about =around 大约 along = down 沿着 seven 3. among 在„„中间(三者及以上) 4. above 在„„的斜上方,指在某物的斜上方,一般与下面物不垂直,不相接触

between在„„之间(两者之间) over 在„„ 的正上方,与下面垂直,但不接触 5. across 横过,跨过,指由街、路一边到另一边; 通过,指从广场等的表面上走过 through 穿过,指从森林、门、窗孔等内部空间通过。

6. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 7. with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 in surprise 惊奇地 without one’s help 没有某人的帮助 8. in , on , at表时间的用法:

in 用于一段时间前(年,月,季节,上午,下午, 晚上等) e.g. in summer in January in the morning / afternoon on 用于具体的某一天前或带day 的时间前 e.g. on Monday on January 14th , 2007 on Sunday morning at 用于点时间前 e.g. at five o’clock at 7:30 9. in , on , to 表示方位的用法:(译为: 在、位于)

in 在某范围之内 e.g. Yunnan is in the southwest of China . on 在某范围之外,相接壤 。

to 在某范围之外,不接壤。 e.g. Japan is to the east of China .

eight nine ten 4. 分数:分子在前,分母在后; 分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1 , 分母加s. 复分数用and连接。分数作主语,谓语与分数后的名词保持一致。

e.g 1/3 one third / a third 2/4 two fourths 3/4 three quarters / three fourths 2/3 two thirds 1/4 a quarter / one fourth 1/2 one second / a half

Two fifths of the students in our school ________( be) very rich. One fourth of the bread _______( are) broken. 5. 英语中数学公式用基数词。 “加”用plus或and ,“减”用minus ,“乘”用times或 multiply … by…., “除”用“divide„by„ ”, 。加,减时,― 等于‖ 用is , “乘”用multiply… by时,― 等于‖ 用makes 用句型:What is … plus / times / minus ….? 多少加/ 乘/减多少等于多少?

eg: What’s one plus two? It’s three . Nine times nine is eighty-one. =Multiply nine by nine makes eighty-one.

6.数词的其它用法:

1).基数词(one、some)+more = another + 基数词(one、some) “额外的、另外的…,再…”。

e.g : He planned to buy some more clothes = He planned to buy another some clothes. I want three more oranges = I want another three oranges. 2)日期的表示法: 月份+日期(序数词的缩写形式),+ 年 询问日期用:What’s the date …?

eg: 2004 年1月1日 读作:January the first , two thousand and four . 写作:January 1st , 2004 3)十二个月:January , February , March , April , May , June , July , August , September , October , November , December 。

4)年代的读法(2000年以下, 两位两位的分开读, 2000年以上用thousand):

e.g. 1949 nineteen forty-nine 2006 two thousand and six 5)表示“ 第几世纪”,用“the+序数词+ century ‖ 。 e.g. the twenty -first century 第21世纪

表示“某世纪几十年代”:用表示年份的方法,把后面的“几十”变为复数。 20世纪90年代 the nineteen nineties 缩写: 1990s 9) 时间表达法(直接和间接两种):

A. 直接表达法(点钟+分钟): 8:08 eight o eight 9:30 nine thirty B. 间接表达法 ( 分钟数在前,点钟数在后):

①表示“几点过几分”(分钟数不超过30分钟) 用介词past.“超过….‖

七.数词

数词分基数词(表示总数或数量多少)和 序数词(表示顺序,译为“第几”)。 1. 基数词变序数词:—

1)一、二、三特殊记: one――first two――second three――third 2) 从四起,要加th : four――fourth

3) 五和十二,f来把ve 替,再加th: five――fifth twelve――twelfth 4) 八去t,九去e,再加th: eight――eighth nine――ninth

5) ty结尾很容易,改y为ie,再加th: twenty――twentieth (thirty , forty,fifty , sixty , seventy , eighty , ninety) 6) 要变几十几,只变个位就可以: twenty-one ――――twenty-first

2. 序数词前一定要用定冠词the, 但是当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时,省去the.

e.g. lesson one = the first lesson Tomorrow is my birthday. (twenty) 3. 基数词变频度词的有:one——once一次 two——twice 两次 对频度词进行提问用how often (多久一次)

— How often do you watch TV ? — Once a week . (one)

常见基、序数词表:

基数词 one two three 序数词 first 1 st second 2 nd third 3 rd 基数词 eleven twelve thirteen 序数词 eleventh 11 th twelfth 12th thirteenth 13 th 基数词 twenty-one thirty forty 序数词 twenty-first 21 st thirtieth 30 th fortieth 分钟+ past + 点钟 e.g 10:05 five past ten 9:23 twenty-three past nine ② 表示“几点半”(分钟数等于30分钟)

half past +点钟 e.g. 10:30 half past ten

③表示 “几点过差几分”(超过30分钟,不包括30分钟)用to. ―差‖

即:分钟+ to + 点钟 Eg: 10:45(读作:fifteen minutes/a quarter to eleven或ten forty--five).

10).量词:百、千、百万、十亿 若前有具体数词 及several、many时,他们不加s,后不接of. 若前没有具体数 时,要加s, 且后接of . 即:hundreds of数百 、thousands of数千、 millions of数百万、 billons of数十亿

eg : There are many hundred students in our school .

11).数字的读法:101读作:one o one/ one hundred and one eg: 201 房间 读作:Room 201

12). 计量的表达:“ 主语+谓语+基数数词+单位名词+形容词”常见的形容词有:long长的 、wide宽的 、 old…岁的 、 deep深的、 high高的、 tall(人或building) 、away 远的、 heavy(重的)

E g : 1. The river is 10 meters deep 2. He is 1.80 meters tall.

13). 基数词+times 表示几次 / 倍。但一次用once,两次用twice,三次用three times.

14) 表频率的短语用“次数+时间段” “表多长时间几次”,提问用how often 。 E g: —How often do you go home ? —twice a week .

15)含有“半”结构的两种表达:“基数词+and a half + 名复”“或“基数词+名复+and a half ”

three days and a half= three and a half days two years and a half = two and a half years

16). ― 基数词-单名-形容词 ‖ = ― 基数词 + 名复 + 形容词 ‖(不带所有格形式)

E g: a 12 year -old boy = a 12 years old boy a 15 -floor- tall building = a 15 floors tall building

八.连词、介词和感叹词

1.连词:连词是连接词,短语,从句或句子的词。

1)并列连词:eg: 1.and和 2.or或者,否则 3. but但是 4.for因为 5.not only … but also… 不仅… 而且 … 6.neither… nor即不…也不… 7. both…and…(… 和 …) 8. so…因此,所以. 9 either… or…或者 … 或者… 10.yet还,已经 11. however 然而,可是 12. as well as 同,又 2)从属连词:1.That (引导宾语从句) 2.if / whether是否(引导宾语从句)if如果(引导条件状语从句) 3.when 当…的时候

4.although(though)虽然 5.because因为 6. so that / in order that为的是,以便(表示目的)so… that…如此 … 以至…

.as soon as一…就…(引导时间状语从句) 8. before 之前 9.than 比…(引导比较状语从句) 10.till (until)直到…..才

11. while期间,然而 12. unless如果不 = if …not, 13. after在…之后 14.as 当…的时候 15.since 自从…以来 /既然/由于

注:neither…nor…. either…or…. not only….but also….连接主语时,邻近一致。E g : Not only you but also I am not right.

2.介词:放在名词、代词、动名词前,与名词、代词等构成介宾短语。

常见的介词有:

【1】at 用在点钟前、固定短语中e g : at 10:30 . at 6:05 at the moment at noon knock at the door 【2】on 用在星期 、几号、某一节日、具体的某一天、街道、左右前。

E g : on Sunday afternoon 、 on April 16th , 2oo6 、 on Mid—Autumn Day 、 On Center Street 、 on the left 、on the right on= about 关于 on = above “在..的上面”

【3】in 在..里面 in the desk 【4】by ―by + 交通工具‖, “乘坐….”

be in = wear“穿” by bus = on a / the bus =take / catch a bus 、by plane = by air be in = at home by ship= by sea 、by land = by train 、 by bike、by boat 、 in English / Japanese / Chinese ―用‖ by taxi = take a taxi、 by car 、

be in = join = take part in ―参加‖ join= become a member of 固定短语: by the way 、by oneself….

固定搭配:in the afternoon 、 do well in 、 in a hurry

【5】 with “ 和…在一起”,“ 带有…随…”“ 用”, ― 与。。。‖ e g : talk with go with you 、 t ea with milk 、

反义词:without ― 没有…, 与…毫无关系‖ E g : with one’s help = with the help of、without one’s help

I can’t do it ______( with ) your help.

【6】“介词+身体部位”表示身体的局部接受动作。软的部分用in , 其余用on .

E g : I gave him a blow on the head . I hit you on the shoulder . He hurt him ______. A. in the face. on the face C. at his face

【7】其他介词:如of „ 、 for … 、 to … , towards … , from … , out of…, into …, off… , near … beside, behind , over , above , below, around , round , among , between, across , through , past , along , down , up , about, as , like , unlike 与..不一样, after, until , during , science , except , against , but , onto , plus , minus 等。

九.句子的种类:

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、倒装句。

【一】主句

【1】祈使句:表命令、请求、的句子。

肯定祈使句:动词原形+其他 Eg : Come in , please. 否定祈使句:Don’t+动词原形+其他 Don’t go.

【2】反意疑问句

1.发问人对其陈述的情况不完全肯定,要求对方证实所称述的内容—反意疑问句。

2.由两部分组成:陈述部分和疑问部分,中间用逗号隔开。前肯定,后否定;反之,前肯定,后否定。两部分的人称,时态要一致。回答时用yes(不)或no(是)。 3.构成:

1.若陈述部分为实意动词,则后部分用do/does, did; Lilei likes reading, doesn’t he? 2.若陈述部分为be 动词,则用be动词; Mr Green is a teacher, isn’t he?

3.若陈述部分为情态动词,则后部分用情动(can /could, may/might, shall, will, must, will/ would). Lucy can’t swim, can she?

4. 陈述部分 有there be, 则后部分用there be. Eg : There is little water in the glass, is there? 5: let’ s后的反意疑问句用 shall we?

6.肯定 祈使句及 Let us / me / him…后的用 will you / won’t you?

7.否定祈使句后用will you? Eg: Let’s play football, shall we? Let him have a rest, will you /won’t?

Open the window, will you/won’t you? Don’t play with the dog, will you?

8.以下这些词具有否定意义:never, not, hardly /almost not, no one, nothing, seldom, little, few等词,疑问部分用肯定。

eg: No one knows his address, does he? There is little water in the glass, is there?

9.everything, nothing, anything 等指物的代词,后用is/isn’t. Eg: Everything is ready, isn’t it ? 10.everybody, ,nobody, anybody等指的代词, ,后用are/aren’t. Eg: Everybody is here, aren’t they? 11. I don’t think…. 后用肯定。 Eg: I don’t think you are right, are you? 【3】感叹句

感叹句用与表示喜悦、惊奇、赞美等强烈的感情。这类句子多由what或how引起,用陈述句的语序,句末用感叹号

1.what引导的感叹句:what用来修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。

结构:what +a(或an )+adj+可数名词单数 / 不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! what +a d j+复名(+主语+谓语)!

例如: What a sunny day (it is)! 多么晴朗的一天啊! What an interesting story (it is)! 多么有趣的故事啊! What hard working students (they are)! 多么用功的学生啊! 2. How引导的感叹句:用来修饰形容词或副词。

结构: how+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)! Eg: How happy (I am)! 我真高兴!

1. How beautiful (these flowers are)! 多美的花! 2. ____ an easy lesson it is ! 3. _____ strange people they are! 4. ____exciting the news(新闻) is ! 5. ____well she dances! 【4】简单句:

A. 主语+不及物动词(S +V) Everybody laugh . They cried . B. 主语+连系动词+表语(S +V+ C) He looks nice today . He is a famous person . C. 主语+及物动词+宾语(S +V+ O) I wanted two ticket.

D. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(双宾语)(S +V+ InO+ DO) Can you lend me some books ? E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(双宾语)(S +V+ O+ C) They made him their monitor . 【5】 so 引导的倒装句:

1. So+助动 / be动/ 情动+ 主语 “另一者也如此 ”以避免重复 I am a teacher . ____________ . 2. So+主语+助动 / be动/ 情动 “确实如此” There are 10 pears on the tree . So there are .的确有

【二】主从复合句(复句)

【1】宾语从句

一.定义:用做宾语的从句——宾语从句。在复句中做主句的宾语。 二.用法:

1.由that引导。that无实义,常省略。

2. 由what, where, when, why ,which, whose, how much, how many, if, whether(连接副词和连接代词)等引导,有实意,不能省略。

Eg; He said that he have a good time. Do you know what he has said.

构成:主语+谓语+引导词+宾语从句 She knows that Lucy is going to have a picnic this afternoon. 三.语序:宾语从句用陈述句语序( 引导词+主语+谓语+其他) 。

Eg: She asked how many books I had. Can you tell me what class you are in . 四.宾语从句的时态:

1. 主现从不现 主句谓语动词为现在时,宾语从句的动词可用任何一种时态;

2.主过从过 主句谓语动词为过去时,宾语从句的动词要用过去的某种时态;(一般过去,一般现在,过去完成时等)

3.真金不怕火炼 宾语从句表客观真理时,无论主句用何种时态,宾语从句的动词要用一般现在时。 Eg: 1.She says that he has been to American. 2. The teacher says that she likes her job.

3. Tom said that he had already finished her washing. 4. The teacher told us the sun is the nearest star to us of all.

五.由连词whether或if ( 是否)引导的,一般可互换 .

但以下情况只能用whether. 1. 与or not 连用 即:whether… or not 。2. 在不定式后。3. 介词后. 4. 在discuss后.

E g: 1. I don’t know whether she can see it or not . 2. They talked about whether they should go there. 3. They want to know whether MR Green can teach computer . 4. They discussed whether he could go there. 5.在条件状语从句中, 只能用 if. 译为“如果”,主将从现。 E g : I will come if I have time. 【2】状语从句 在复合句中,修饰主句动词、形容词、副词的从句。可分为时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果和方式状语从句。状语从句的引导词不能省略。

(1)时间状语从句:when , while , as , not .. until , science , as soon as … , before , after , by the time 等词引导。

(2)原因状语从句: because , as ― 因为‖ 等词引导。

(3)让步状语从句:even though 虽然, though , but但是 , however , while “而”no matter , whenever , wherever等词引导。

No matter where = wherever , No matter when = whenever, 其中用了even though , though就不能用but,反之用了but就不能用even though , though。 E g : Though he is young he knows a lot. He is young but he knows a lot.

(4)条件状语从句:if , unless , or“否则,要不然”等词引导。

(5)目的、结果状语从句:so that ―以便,以至‖ so…that …“如此…以至于….” (6)其他:as if , as .. as…. , not as/ so… as…, than 引导比较状语从句。 【3】定语从句:用作定语的从句。

【1】定语从句必须放在先行词( 名词或代词后) 【2】定语从句的引导词:

关系代词that ( 即可指人也可指物)who(,主格,指人) , which (指物)

关系副词:that (人,物 ) 、whom (宾格,指人) , whose (谁的,指人) ,when 、where、why 等. E G: Lucy is the girl whom you saw just now.

3) 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,常省略。 The food ( that ) I cooked were delicious . ( 作宾语)

【1】若先行词为all 、much anything 、nothing 、everything 、little、none ,the one等且指物时,只能用that引导。E g 1.The man who lived next to us was a teacher . 2. You must do everything that I do3. Is there anything that I can do for you ?

【2】若先行词中有最高级或序数词时,只能用that . This i s the first time that I have been there . 【3】当先行词有两个或两个以上(当先行词既指人又指物时),只能用that . I’ll never forget the classmates and the things that he looked after.

【4】当主语以who, which 开头时,只能用that . Who is the man that escaped .

只用which 的情况:1) 介词之后只用which . I like the pen with which I write .

2) 非性定语(先行词与引导词间有 ― ’ ‖)从句指用which .We lived in the house , which is very big.

94.microwave Oven微波 95. The Palace Museum故宫博物院 96. dinner party晚宴 97. business letters商业信件 98.plastic bags塑料袋 99.The world’s population世界人 100.give up/ No smoking and drinking戒烟戒酒 101.pay taxes 纳税 102. out of order 发生故障 103.house to house挨家挨户 104.pass the exam 通过考试/考试过关 105.win the first prize 获一等奖 106.search the Internet 上网 107.pick up information 获得信息 108.make a chart 制图表

109.the Dinosaur World 恐龙世界 110. league match联赛 111.the Great Green Wall绿色长城 常用短语归纳

1.morning tea 早茶 2.shopping list 购物单 3.shopping center购物中心 4. shopping basket 购物篮

5.name list名单 6.mountain village 山村 7. sports shoes 运动鞋 8.exercise book 练习簿 112.football clothes球衣 113.at the beginning of the century 世纪初 114.an English—Chinese dictionary一本英汉词

9.traffic map交通地图 10.hand in hand手拉手 11.man--made eggs人造鸡蛋 12. fast food快餐

13. cutting machine切割机 14.washing machine洗衣机 15.West Lake西湖 16.Green Lake翠湖 17.green house温室 18.glass--house 玻璃房 19.green tea绿茶 20.black/brown tea红茶 21.air ticket 飞机票 22.World Trade Center世贸中心 23.Plant--eating animals 食草动物 23.WTO世贸组织

24.the Silk Road 丝绸之路 25.spring city春城 26.hot spring 温泉 27.Western Food西餐 28.TV play/ show 电视剧/节目 29. bicycle parts 自行车零件 30.world cup世界杯 31.modern art现代艺术 32.art school艺术学校 33.Father Christmas=Santa Claus圣诞老人 34.business hour 营业时间

35.office hour上班/工作时间 36.No smoking/ photos/ swimming/parking禁止吸烟/拍照/游泳停车

37.populatoin problems人口 38.football field 足球场 39.Father’s Day父亲节 40.library book图书 41.world report世界报道 42.news report新闻报道 43.Pop/popular song流行歌曲

44. Pop music流行音乐 45.Party member 46.family member家庭成员 47.league member

48.happy life family hour time幸福生活/家庭/时光 49.foreign stamp 外国邮票 50.poor countries贫穷国家

51.developing countries 发展中国家 52.developed countries 发达国家 53.informafion technology 信息技术

.at the best price 最优惠的价格 55.medical care医疗 56.nursing home疗养所 57.come back to life苏醒,复活

58.digital TV 数码电视 59.digital camera 数码相机 60.half-ready food半成品食 61.food/ business problem食物/商务问 62.iced tea 冰茶 63.The White House白宫 .Peking Opera 京剧 65. video tape录像带 66. video phone 可视电话 67.TV station电视机厂 67. The bank of China中国银行 68.flower market 鲜花市场/花市

69. flower and bird market花鸟市场 70. undersea world海底世界 71.information desk 问讯处 72.Christmas lab化学实验室 73.climing team登山队 74. swimming pool 游泳池 75. cold drink 冷饮 76.Christmas Eve圣诞节前夕/平安夜 77. sports field运动场 78.arts center艺术中心 79. Art Festival艺术节 81.Hope School 希望学校 82.country music乡村音乐 85.Western country西方国家 86.one-way street单行道 87. protect /improve environment保护/改善环境

88. in great need of 急需 . in no time立刻,很快 90. in a short while不久,一会儿 91. The Sydney opera House悉尼歌剧院 92.Buckingham Palace白京汉宫 93. air- conditioner空调

115.a Chinese —English dictionary一本汉英词典 116.an English---English dictionary一本英英词典 117.play bridge 打桥牌 118.the flowers come out开花 119.water sports 水上运动 120.rainy seasons/days雨季/天 121.a flower show 花展 122.play together as a team全队集体配

123.in a few years ’ time几年之后 124.correct mistakes 改错 125.as long as two hours长达两小时 126.make a good decision 做出好的决定 / 做出明智的选择 127.set one ’s mind to do it专心于做这件事 128.have nothing to do with 与 ……毫无关系 129.April Fool’s Day愚人节 130.English song 英语歌曲 131.Chinese song 汉语/中文歌曲 132.singing star歌星 133.holidays and festivals 节假日 134.monkey island猴岛 135.pass the ball传球 136.Chinese / western/ food中/ 西餐

137.keep in the mind 记注 138.family get–together家庭聚会 139.relatives and friends亲戚朋友/亲朋好友

140.food and drink 饮食 141. traffic accident 交通事故 142.catch the ball接球

143.heavy snow/rain大雪/大雨 144.strong wind大风 145. light snow/rains小雪/小雨 146. public library公共图书馆 147. sweet smiles甜甜/甜美的微笑 148. noise pollution 噪音污染 149. the evening news晚间新闻 151.West Channel 西部频道 152. driving licence驾驶执照/驾照

153.Internet phone /telephone(IP) 网络电话/IP 电话 1.western culture/ country西方文化/ 西方国家

155.traffic safety 交通安全 155. forest fire 森林火灾/大火 156.half a century 半个世纪/五十年

157. ask for a sick leave请病假 158.dead leaves枯叶 159. take a/ by taxi乘出租车/打的 160.grow up 成年 161.black/ brown tea红茶 162. milk a cow挤奶

163. get dressed 穿衣服 1.animal world 动物世界 165.do physics problems做物理题 1. public service 公共服务/大众服务 165. library book图书/图书馆的书 166. have a seat就坐;坐下 167.a photo of my family 我的一张全家福 168.in the open air在户外/在野外 169.Mid-autumn Day / Festival 中秋节 170.delicious food 美味食品 171.dangerous animal危险动物 172. big dinner丰盛的晚餐 173.farm work 农活 174. a dolphin / fashion / monkey / talent show海豚表演/展 时装表演/展 耍猴表演/ 天才表演

175.the first name = the given name 名 176. the last name = the family name姓 177.pumpkin pie 南瓜饼/南瓜

派 178. elephants’/ monkeys’ house 大象/猴馆 179.have a drink of 喝… 180.all the same仍然,还是 181.The Blue Sky Hotel蓝天大酒店/饭店 182.tall 185. music and dancing音乐和舞蹈 188.sports meeting /goods运动会/体育用品/运动1.round snow house圆形雪屋 190.make snow men /a snow man 堆雪人 191.weather report天气预报

282. outdoor sports 户外运动 283.the twenty -four hour clock二十四小时制 284. in the 1930s 在二十世纪30年代

288. healthy food健康食品 2. drinking water 饮用水 290. water/air/noise pollution水空气噪音污染

building 高楼 183.keep a diary记日记 184. sing a song 唱歌 285.follow the fashion of the day 赶时髦 286. live one’s dream 实现梦想 287.spoken English英语口语

192 help yourself/ yourselves to…自便/自用… 193.Spring Festival 春节 194.so-so马马虎虎,不好不坏 291. Chinese Charity Federation 中国慈善机构 292. satellite town 卫星城 293. flight number 航班号

196.taking –away food 可带走的熟食/外卖食品 197.home cooking家常做法/家常便饭/家常菜

195.Thanks –giving Day感恩节 198.rain season / days 雨季/雨天 199.tea with sugar/milk糖茶/奶茶

200.stand in line 排队 201.jump the queue 插队 202. a queue jumper插队者 203. lose oneself in陶醉在/沉浸在 204.neck and neck 齐头并进/不分上下 205.best-seller畅销书/畅销货

206.living room起居室 207. play the piano弹钢琴 208.badly hurt伤得很重 209. gatekeeper’s room门卫室 210.medicine box药箱 211.mouth-to mouth breathing口对口/人工呼吸

212. set off 出发 213.ice box= fridge冰箱 214.natural/green food自然/绿色食品 215. take pictures and photos照相和摄影 216.on the other hand另一方面 217.garden city 花园城市 218. The Stone Forest 石林 219. cross -- bridge rice noodles过桥米线 220.Tsunami海啸

221.bird flu 禽流感 222. natural disaster自然灾害 223.seeing – eye dog 导盲犬 224. bathing suit 游泳衣 225. a UN report一份联合国报告 227.modern art现代艺术 228.fried chicken油炸鸡/炸鸡 229.tell a story讲故事 230. film fan电影迷 231.a basket of flower一篮子花 232.white/ noise pollution 白色/ 噪音污染

233. pay phone投币电话式公用电话/收费电话 234. air/ water pollution空气/水污染 235. sand storm 沙尘暴 236.pocket money 零花钱 237. social news社会新闻 238.rice noodles米线 239.open-book exam开卷考 240.closed-book exam闭卷考 242.cultural pollution文化污染 243. tea break茶歇 244.short / long story 短篇/长篇小说 245.surf the Net网上冲浪 246.door-to-door service 上门服务 247.information age 信息时代 248. culture industry文化工业/文化产业 249.TV play show电视剧/ 节目 249. office building 办公楼 252. a thank-you letter 感谢信 253.football club足球俱乐部 2. box office record票房纪录 255.world new record 世界新纪录 256.break the record打破纪录 257. set the new record 创新纪录 259.American country music美国乡村音乐 260. a pleasant surprise 一个惊喜 261. public service 大众服务/公共服务 262. social service社会 / 公益福利 2 . exchange space 交换空间 265. short message短信/短信息 266. school life 学校生活 267. radio / TV station 广播站/ 电视台 268.the Twelfth -Five Year Plan第十二个五年计划 272. to be on time 守时

273. beauty contest 选美 274. night club 夜总会 275.different attitude 不同态度 276. run out of 花光 277.hand out 分发 278 fix up 修理

279. turning point 转折点 280. care for 关怀,照顾 281. body building 健美 294.the World Environment Day世界环境日 295. sea journey航海/航行

297. credit card信用卡 298. man-made spaceship人造飞船 299. long journey 长途旅行 300. national culture 民族文化 301. time and space 时空 302. come to stop 慢慢的停下

303. a heart to heart talk 真诚交谈/ 谈心 304. by in twos and threes三三两两 305. with a smile微笑 306. get on with people与人相处 307. real life 真实生活 308. world peace 世界和平

309. going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起 310. One World , One Dream 同一个世界,同一个梦想

311. weather station 气象站 312. junk food 垃圾食品 313.English Today今日英语

314. Focus Interview 焦点访谈 315. Healthy Living健康生活 316. Man and Nature人与自然

317. tell it like it is 实话实说 318. Chinese Cooking 中华饮食 319. Culture China中华文

320. Weekend chat 周末闲聊 321. Sports World 体育世界 322. traditional festival传统节日 323. natural gas 天然气 324. Movie /News Sports Channel 电影 /新闻/体育频道 325. summer camp 夏令

326. running water 自来水 327 .twin sisters / brothers孪生姐妹/ 兄弟 328. ID card 身份证 329. ID card number身份证号码 330. Forbidden City 紫禁城 331. Blue Cat蓝猫

332. Green Space 绿色空间 333.film ticket 电影票 334. business center商业中心

335. visit relatives and friends 走亲访友 336.watch the scenery 观景 337. e—mail address电子邮件地址 338.foreign company外国公司/外企 339. build up one’s confidence树立信心 340. drinking wine 喝酒 341.book a room 预订房间 342.keep off the mobile phone 关手机 43. city traffic城市交通 344. newspapers and magazine 报刊杂志 345.put the watch right把手表拨正 356. eat and drink 吃喝 357. a film fan 影迷 358. fruit market 水果市场 359. a second –hand / used computer 二手电脑

360. a second –hand / used car 二手汽车 361. keep in touch 保持联系 362. part-- time job兼职工作 363. part-- time assistant助手 3. part-- time singer业余歌手 365. part—time teacher 兼职教师

366. full --time job 专职工作 367. full --time teacher专职教师 368. one-- way ticket 单程票

369. round-- trip ticket双程票 370.single room 单人间 371. double room双人间 372. double click 双击 373 . double left / right click左/ 右建双击 374. morning exercises 早操 375. do morning exercise 做早操 376. collect information / stamp 收集信息/集邮 377. the Taiwan Channel海峡

378.the end of the century世纪末 379. the beginning of the century世纪初 380. Greener China 绿色中国

381. SAR特别行政区 382.NBA美国篮球协会 383.HK 384.UN= the United Nation 联合国 385. make a fire 生火 386. art school/teacher艺术学校/美术老师387.art center / class艺术中心/ 美术课 388. duty report 值日汇报 3. man—made food 人工食品

390. light / popular music轻音乐/流行音乐 391 . report hall 报告厅 392. music / concert hall音乐厅

393. the edge of the sky and the rim of the sea 天涯海角 394 . good luck好运气 395. bad luck 倒霉/糟糕 396. rice cooker 电饭煲/ 电饭锅

397. PRC= the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 398. take turns 依次/轮流 399.and so on 等等 400. ( colorful) school life(多彩的)学校生活 401. the morning news早间新闻 402. get together 聚会 / 团聚 403. family get—together家庭聚会 404. speak highly of 高度赞扬 405. RMB人民币 406.shopping on line 网上购物 407. keep healthy 保持健康 408. every three hours 每三小时 409. summer/ winter holiday 暑假/寒假 410. make money 赚钱/挣钱411.( do) eye exercise (做) 眼保健操 412. field trip 野外旅游 423. school trip郊游 424. tell a story 讲故事 425. sooner or later 迟早/总有一天 426. day after day 日复一日

427. three years and a half 三年半=three and a half year428. information industry信息产业

429 . the Swedish rock band 瑞典的摇滚乐队 430. take a taxi 乘出租车/打的 431. fruit / vegetable market 水果/ 蔬菜市场 432. sell newspaper 卖报 433. culture industry 文化产业 434. traditional food 传统食物 435. a lot of fun 趣乐无穷 436. western country 西方国家 437.western channel西部频道 438. fashion China 时尚中国 439. keep busy 忙忙碌碌 440. build up one’s confidence 树立起某人的信心 441. life-long education终身教育 442.modern education现代教育

443. The World Environment Day 世界环境日 444 . a fire station 消防站 445 . hope project希望工程 446. the star of hope 希望之星 447. hope school希望学校 448. body language手势语/ 体态语

449. lose weight减肥 450. New Year’s Eve除夕(夜) 451. China unicom 中国联通 452 . Lucky 52 幸运52 453. modern life 现代生活 4. traditional education 传统教育

455. traditional culture / food / Chinese doctor 传统文化/食物/中医 456 . Rush Hour 尖锋时刻【2】rush our高峰期 457. movie channel 电影频道 458. modern family / society现代家庭 / 社会 459 . national culture 民族文化 460.Half the sky半边天 461. hour / minute / second hand 时针/分针/秒针 462. one couple , one child 一对夫妻,一个孩 463. single player 单打选手

4. double player 双打选手 465. women’s / men’ single player女子/男子单打选手 467. women’s / men’s double player女子/男子双打选手 468. travel office 旅行社 469. free gift 赠品 470 .The Sydney opera house 悉尼歌剧院 471. English corner英语角 472.sports world 体育世界 473. reading room阅览室 474. as soon as possible尽快 475. rainy season/ days雨季/天 476. three times a day 一天三次 477. birthday card 生日卡 478. on duty 值日 479. pen friend / pal 笔友 480. Five Year—Plan 五年计划 481. step by step逐步地

482. country music乡村音乐 483. department store 百货商店 484. a big traffic jam交通阻塞严重 485. correct mistakes改正错误 486. traffic jam交通阻塞 479. traffic light交通灯红绿灯 488. traffic safety交通安全 4. at the concert 在音乐会上 490. keep off 避开 / 防止 491. a journalist from the CCTV电视台记者 492. settle on 看中/ 重视

词形转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)

9. possible- 可能的---impossible不可能的 -----possibly可能地----possibility 可能性 PL pssibilities

10.person 人----personal个人的,私人的(personal computer / things )

11.live(v)居住,生活 ----living 有生气的,热闹的,有生气的 -----alive活着的---- life

12. reward( V) 值得___rewarding 值得的( adj ) 2. begin 开始(v)__ beginning(名词) 13. little ----less -----least 最小的 ( 短语,at least 至少)

14.west (n) 西部____western (country/ channel /food) 西部的,西方的(adj)westerner (n)西方人 15.east东方—eastern东方人16.north (n) 北部,北方__northern 北部的,北方的(adj) 17.south 南方 __ southern 南方的

18 .late (adj) 迟的___ later(用于later on 过后,以后 sooner or later 迟早) 19. appear(v) 出现___appearance(n) ___ disappear 消失__ disappearance (n )消失 20. move (V) 移动,感动 __ moving(物)动人的(adj) __moved受感动的 21. confident 自信的—confidence(n)自信

22.high 高的___ highly (adv 用于speak highly of ) ___height(n) 高度 23. fly(v) 飞,飞行 __ flight(n)航班 flight number

24. two二—second第二 — twice两次 25. surf 冲浪----surfer冲浪者 ----surfing冲浪 ( go surfing )

26.library — librarian图书管理员 public library 公共图书馆 school library学校图书馆 library book图书馆藏书

27.decide (V) (to do sth )____decision(n) 短语 make a decision 做出决定 make a good decision做出明智的选择

28. describe (v) 描述,描写__ description (n) 29.discuss (v ) 讨论____discussion (n) 30. enjoy (v)高兴,愉快___enjoyable (adj)____enjoyably____ enjoyment高兴,愉快 31. comfort舒适__comfortable 舒适的 32. invent(v)__ invention(v) 发明__ inventor发明家(人)

33.know (v) 知道__ knowledge 知识,学问 ___ knowledgeable有知识的 34.safe (adj) 安全的__ safety (n)安全—safely 安全地 35.surf(v) 冲浪___surfing(n) __surfer 冲浪者 36. train 训练___ training (n) 37.wool 羊毛___ wool(l)en (adj)毛制的 38. who 谁__ whom __whose谁的

39. foreign 外国的___ foreigner(s)外国人 40.one—(the)first第一 —once一次,曾经,一旦

41.lose 丢失___ lost丢失的(短语be / get lost 迷路,丢失 ) 44. danger (n)危险 , in danger 处于危险中___dangerous(adj)危险的

94.forget忘记__forgetful健忘的 94.use 使用___useful有用的----used二手的useless 无用的----uselessness无用 95.help帮助___ helpful有帮助的—helpless无助的 96. hope __hopeful有希望的

98. kind-heart_____ kind-hearted( adj ) 好心的 99.usual 通常的___unusual不寻常的___usually通常as usual 42. build 建造 ___building (s)建筑物____builder建设者 43.confident 自信的___confidence (n) 自信 97. communicate(v) 交流,沟通 ----communication(n) (with sb) ----communicative (adj ) 交际的,交流的

45.explore (v) 探险___ explorer (s)探险家 46. anger (n) 生气___angry (adj)生气的 47.own拥有/自己的(v) ___ owner主人,拥有者(n) the owner of the house

48.buy买 -----buyer买者----busy忙的 __business (短语on business do business business hours)__ businessman 商人

49. shop —shopping买东西,购物 —do some shopping / go shopping / do the shopping

50.different 不同的___ difference (s) 51.enter (v) 进入 ___entrance(n)入口 52. favour(n)喜欢恩惠,帮助--- favourite (adj ) 最喜欢的--- (be)favourable讨人喜欢的 53. manage 管理(v) ___ management(n) ___manager(s)经理 .park (V)___ parking (短语No parking )

55. rob(v) 抢劫___ robber(n)强盗__robbery(n)抢劫案 56. travel 旅行___traveller (s) 旅游者 57. true真的 —truly真实地___ truth (n)___untrue不真实 58. (be)like像___unlike不像___(be) alike相似的 59.happy 高兴得 ___unhappy不高兴的____happily___ happiness(n) 快乐 60.dirt 脏___dirty脏的 61. know 知道___ unknow不知道/ 无知的 —knowledge—knowledgeable知识,学问

62. dust灰尘___dustbin垃圾箱 63.win 获胜___ winner获胜者 .run 跑___runner (s)赛跑者___running running star/ water 跑步明星 /自来水 65. play 玩___player(s队员,运动员) 66. sun 太阳___sunny晴朗的 ____sunshine 阳光

67. name 名字__named被命名 68.call叫__called名叫 69.close关 __ (be)closed关着的 70.open(v)__ (be) open开着的 71.wake(V wake up唤醒) ___ (be)awake 醒着的 72. break(v)打坏__ broken坏了的

73. wonder精彩___wonderful ___wonderfully 4. turn 轮流/转弯 ___turning 转弯处 75. luck运气(n)__ lucky幸运的----unlucky=unfortunate不幸的__luckily =fortunately幸运地-----unluckily 不幸运地

76.care (v)认真,仔细 __careful___ carefully —careless 粗心的___carelessness (n) 粗心

77.success(n) 成__successful+名词___(be) successed (in) doing sth ----successfully -----unsuccessful-----unsuccessfully 78. sleep ( go to/ get sleep)(动词----asleep__ sleepy晕晕欲睡的醒着的 79.tire疲倦___ (be)tired 疲倦的 80.worry___ worried 担忧的 (feel worried / be worried about )___ more worried

81. sit坐(v) sit down ___seat (n)座位 have a seat / take a seat 82.hard- work — hard- working 努力工作的 83. rich ___the rich 富人 84. poor贫穷的/可怜的/贫瘠的___ the poor穷人

85.die(v) 死__dead(adj)死的__ death(n) 死__dying将要死的 86.warm_ heart— warm-hearted 好心的 87. hard( adj, adv)困难的/努力地—hardly几乎不 88.white 白色___the Whites怀特一家=The White family . black 黑色__ The Blacks 布莱克一家 90. read 红色__ The Reads里德一家 91. green绿色___ The Greens 格林一家

92. color __ colorful 彩色的 —colored 彩色的 colorful school life ,colored TV彩电 93. pain疼痛__ painful疼痛

100. real真的__ really__ realize意识到__reality现实 101.bad ___badly sad难过的___ sadly 102. clear ___ clearly 102.final最后的__ finally 103. bright明亮的/聪明的___ brightly 104.wide宽的__ widely广泛地 105. serious严重的___ seriously 106. terrible可怕的 ___terribly 107. direct直接的__ directly 108.friend__ friendly友好的___ more friendly —unfriendly不友好的 ______riendship友谊

109. today’s newspaper (today)今天的报纸 110.ten minutes’ walk. (minute) a few years’ time.( year) men’s shoes (man ) 男鞋 111.twin ’s room (twin) warm 暖和德,热情的__ warmly 热情地 112. at the doctor’s在

医务室 111.at the Green’s 在格林家 113. at my uncle’s在我叔叔家(表店铺,某人一家时后省略名词)

114.active (adj) 积极的___activity(n)活动 pl activities

115.beauty (n) 漂亮,美丽___ beautiful 漂亮的__beautifully 116. correct 改正/正确的(v/adj)—correctly 117. act(V) 表演___ actor男演员 /actress女演员____ active 积极的 ___ attractive 吸引人的 118.breathe (v) 呼吸___ breath(n)hold one’s breath ____breathing ( mouth to mouth breathing) 119.celebrate (v)__celebration (n) 庆祝 120.congratulate __congratulation (n) 121. chemist 化学家___ chemistry化学

122.cross (vt ) 穿过___ across介词, go / run / swim/ walk across___ crossing = turning (n) 交叉点,十字路口 123.contribute ___ contribution ( 短语make a contribution to 为… 作贡献) 124.dry 干燥的___ drought (n) 干 旱 125.difficult 困难的 __ difficulty(n)困难 pl diffculties 126. marry结婚__

( be / get )married ( to sb )(adj)已婚的

127. tour (v)旅行 ____ tourist旅行者 128.farm 农场__ farmer 农民 ___ farming农业 /务农 129.fog 雾___foggy 多雾 130. harm伤害___ harmful有害的---harmless 无害的---harmlessness无害

131.meet 遇见__ meeting 开会have a meeting 132.mist 雾__ misty 多雾的 133.miss 丢失/怀念__missing 丢失的

134.near 近的__ nearly 几乎不 135.noise 噪音___ noisy 吵闹的__ noisily 136. with有,带有__without没有,不带 137.paint(v)漆,画___painter (n) 油漆工/ 画家___ (Chinese) painting 油画

138 possible可能的 —impossible不可能的—possibility(n)可能性 139. pass( V) 传递___ past( prep)在…的旁边

140. pride(n) 骄傲 the pride of ..的骄傲 —proud(adj)骄傲的be proud of以..自豪

141.. little 少—less —least,at least至少 142. contribute —. contribution(n) make a contribution to为…做贡献 143. live —lively热闹的,有生气的____(be)alive活着的 144. deep深的— depth深度 145. clear清楚的— clearly 清楚地 146. enter (v) 进入— entrance(n)入口

147. tradition 传统— traditional传统的 traditional festival/ food / Chinese doctor传统节日

148. appear出现(V) —appearance(n)— disappear(v) 消失—disappearance(v) 149.you ___yourself / yourselves (用于 help oneself to )

150. serve(V)服务— service(n) public service公共服务social service社会服务—sever伺者—servant仆人 的

216. fame(n)名誉,荣誉 ----famous出名的 217. think思考-----thinker 思想家 thinkful 有思想的

218.rule规则/ 统治---ruler尺子 219.cook-煮---cook 厨师----( do some )cooking ____ cooker 炊具 151. pain 疼—painful疼痛的 152.grate 感激 —grateful 感激的 153.thank感谢 ----thankfu心存感激的

1.use—使用useful有用的— used( adj) 用过的___useless无用的-----uselessness无用

155. help 帮助— helpful有帮助的___helpless无助的 ---- helplessness无助 156. mist雾 — misty 有雾的,多雾的

157. fail失败 ( V)___ failure ( n) 158. enjoy ( v) (oneself / doing ) ___ enjoyable(adj )___ enjoyably 159. explore(v)____ explorer (n) 探险家 160. amaze( V)___ amazed (adj)短语:be amazed at ----amazing 令人吃惊的 161.social社会的_____ society社会 162.pollute ____pollution污染 1. frighten (v)__frightened ( adj)害怕的

165. health(n)健康____ (keep/stay) healthy(adj )健康的___ unhealthy____ healthily

166. worth(adj) 有价值的 用于be worth doing sth _____ worthing值 167.shy害羞的____ shyly 168. generous (adj ) 慷慨的____generosity 慷慨 169.nature 自然____natural(food / gas)自然的 ____naturally 170.hard( adj adv)困难的/硬的/努力的___hardly几乎不 171.hope ___hopeful---hopeless无望的

172..exact____exactly准确地 173. excite(v)____ excited 短语:be excited about(adj主语人) ---exciting令人激动的 (主语为人)

174. please 高兴 ___ (be/ get )pleased 高兴的__ pleasant + 名词___pleasure (n) 愉快,高兴 It’s a /my pleasure 不必谢 with pleasure很乐意/ 十分高兴 175. grate( v) ___ grateful( adj )感激的

176. home ___ homeless无家可归的 177.final最后的____finally 178.wonder惊讶(n)____wonderful惊奇的_____wonderfully 179.describe____ description (n) 描述 180.essent本质___essential本质的/ 主要的 181. luck(n) ---- lucky-(adj)---unlucky = unfortuante-----luckily ( adv) 182. climb -----climber登山者 183. worry ( v) ---- (be )worried ( ad j ) feel worried , be worried about 184. hard 困难的,努力地;雨雪下得大---- hardly( ever) 几乎不 185. bore----boring令人厌烦的 --- bored厌烦的 186.where那儿----- somewhere / anywhere某个地方/任何地方 187. fry 炸-----fried ( chicken )油炸的 188.fun趣事-----funny有趣的 1.give---- given( name)名

190.interset名胜,兴趣----interesting令人感兴趣的(a place of interesting / places of interesting名胜)

----interested有趣的 (be interested in 对…感兴趣)

191. love喜欢,爱----lover 爱人,爱好者----loving 慈爱的----lovely 可爱的 192. print印刷-----printer 打印机 193.quick----- quickly 迅速地 194.quiet安静的----- quietly安静地 195.science科学----scientist科学家 196.sing----singer----song ( sing a song ) 197. speak----speaker 演讲者 198.show----showery阵雨 199.strange奇怪的----stranger陌生人 200. sudden----suddenly突然地 201.sugar-----sugar糖(不可名) 202. salt----salt 盐(不可名) 203.chalk-----chalk粉笔(不可名) 204. silent ----silently寂静地 205.wait ---- waiter侍者,男服务员___waitress女服务员----waiting (for) 206.tooth----teeth 207.foot -----feet 208.sheep ----sheep 209. people -----people ----people’s 210.follow=after跟随,接着-----following下面的

211.operate----operation( have an operation on sb ) 给某人手术 212.hunger渴望---hungry生气的 ----hungrily 213.neat整洁的-----neatly 214.anger生气----angry生气的----- angrily 215. miss错过/怀念 ___missing丢失

220.post ---postal邮政的 221.clean ----cleaner 清洁工--(do some ) cleaning 222.conduct-----conductor列车员/售票员 223.report汇报-----reporter记者

224.beach----beaches 225.discover(v)-----discovery(n)发现 226.good/well ----better---best 227. usual----unusaul ----usually 228.frustrate-----frustrated沮丧的 229.world’s population ( world )

230. each other ’s( each other )彼此的 231.twin room----- twins’ room

232. where ----anywhere任何地方 ----somewhere某个地方 233. wood 木材--- wooden木制的 234. music 音乐 ______ musician 音乐家----musical 音乐的

235. weigh称…的重量 ----- weight (n)重量/ 体重 236. invite 邀请(V)----- invitation (n)请帖/ 请柬 237. able (adj )有能力的 be able to______ unable (的) _____ability ( n)能力 PL abilities 238 .change (V) 改变 ____changeable (adj)可改变的 239. one another 彼此,互相______ one another’s彼此

240. you 你______ yourself / yourselves你自己/你们自己 (help oneself to )

241. good 好的_____well(adv)好地 ____goodness(n) 美德thank goodness谢天谢地

242. like喜欢/像____unlike 不喜欢/不像 243. inside里面 _______outside外面 244. a______ an 一个 EG :The teacher work out this problem in ________( a) unusual way. 245. or 或者______nor 都不 EG: Neither Yuxi __________(or) Qujing is bigger than Kunming .

246. ever曾经_____never从来不,绝不 247. sell卖 ___seller卖者 248. buy_买___buyer买者/买东西的人

249. brush PL brushes tooth brush brush one’s teeth刷牙 250. burn(v) 燃烧_____burning (adj)燃烧着的

251 (be) busy____business ( on/ do business business letter / center / hour ) _____businessman ( businesswoman ) 252. center中心 (n)( center street / shop center / / first- aid center急救中心____central ( adj) 中心的central park 253. dance 跳舞___dancer 舞蹈家2. difficult困难___difficulties困难 255. detect(V)侦破 ___detective (adj)侦探的 256. discover(V) ____discovery (n) 发现 257. easy_____ easily 258. courage( n) 勇气____encourage(v)鼓励

259. educate(V) _____education(n) 教育 modern / family / life long education )

260. boil (V) 煮,沸----boiling煮沸的( boiling water 沸水) 261. greet____ greeting(n)问候 262.human( being ) pl humans人类 263. harm(v) 伤害 _____harmful 有害的 2. ice (cream) 冰,结冰____ iced(tea) (adj) 冰过 265. important重要的 (adj)___unimportant不重要的____importance(n)重要性

266.fun 趣事 __fun ny(story /book)有趣的

267. five__ the) fifth 268.twelve _____twelfth 269.two__(the)second__ twice两次 270.eight__ the) eighth 271.nine__ninth 272.bad/ ill__ worse__ worst 273.good/well__better__best 274.many/much__more__most 275.wish__(the) wishes

276.give__given(name)

277.fish__(go)fishing 278.boat__boating 279.city__cities 280..hike__ (go)hiking 281.slow__slowly 282.far__farther__farthest 283.busy__(on/ do) business ( hour /letter)__ businessman/~woman 284 .strong _____ strongly 285.country__countries 286.excite__excited(主语为人)__exciting(主语为物)

teeth

369. smoke(v)----amoking ( No smoking) 370. spit----spitting ( No spitting ) 371.ill病的 ------illness (n)生病 372. stress紧张----- ( be ) stressed ( out) 紧张的 373. balance平衡------ balanced平衡的

287 ..farm__farmer农民__farming农业 288.danger__dangerous 2.monkey______monkeys 374. tradition 传统 ------- traditional(food/ festival / Chinese doctor) 传统的

290.deer__deer 291.sheep ____sheep 292.fox狐狸__foxes 375. anger (n)生气 ------angry (adj)生气的 -----angrily(adv) 376.hunger (n)饥饿 -----hungry ( adj)293.twenty______twentieth 294.baby__babies 295.turn__turning(转弯处)__return(归还) 296.mean(what do you mena by…?)__ meaning (n) 意思是the meaning of…的意思

297.health___( keep/ stay) healthy_____ unhealthy____healthily 298.invent__inventor发明家__invention发明物 299.drive__driver 300.diary__diaries 301.science__scientist 302.luck__lucky___unlucky__luckily ___unluckily

303. sing __ singer 304. draw 画_____drawer 绘画员【2】抽屉 305.break_____ (be)broken 306. noise (n)____noisy(adj) ___noisily ( adv ) 307.heavy__heavily 308.near____nearly几乎,将近 309.true真的____truly____ truth/ 真理 310.snow__snowy 311.sun ____sunny 312.cloud__cloudy 313. .rain__ rainy 314. fog-foggy=misty 315. .wake(v)醒__ be awake醒着的 316. lock锁____ locked (adj)锁着的

317. radio_ _radios 318 .sandwich__ sandwiches 319.play__players 队员,选手 320.lady__ladies’ (room)女厕 321 .DVD__ DVDs 322 .lose丢失__ (be/get) lost 丢失的 / 迷路的 323.jump (thequeue)____jumper (queue

jumper) 324. surprise__ surprised人__surprising物 325.bright__brightly 326.silent__silently 327.win__winner(s) 328.loud__loudly 329.person__personl (computer ) 330.usual__usually__unusual非凡的 331.speak__speaker

332.please__pleased人__pleasant物___pleasure(愉快 333.polite__politely 334.sudden突然的__suddenly

335. dive____ diver潜水员 336.art__artist艺术家 337 .head头____ (have a ) headache 头痛 338. stomach___(have a) stomachache 胃痛 339.sleep (v)____ be/fall asleep(adj)

340. serious___ seriously (adv) 341. chemist化学家____ chemistry化学 342.dance跳舞_____ dancers舞蹈家 343. merry高兴的__ merrily高兴地 344. .act表演___actor 演员 345.bank银行____ banker 银行家 346.teach____teacher教师

347.play玩____player(s)选手/ 队员 348.read读____reader读者 349. describe( v) __ description( n )描述,形容

350. clean打扫___clean清洁的---cleaner清洁工 351. open开___(be)_open开着的 352.shower 阵雨____ showery 阵雨的 353. color 颜色___ colorful 色彩鲜艳的 ___ colored有颜色的 3.Australia___Australian(s) 澳大利亚人 355. tour 旅行____tourist旅行者,旅游

356.relax放松 __ relaxed放松的 ___ relaxing令人放松的 357. good-look— good-looking相貌

358. beauty美丽,漂亮____ beautiful 漂亮的-----beautifully漂亮地 359.regular规则的____ irregular不规则的

360. office 办公室___ officer,办公事人员 361. produce(v) 生产___product(n)产品 362 .park(n/v)___(No)parking(n)停车处 363. report汇报____reporter记者 3 . ride 骑____rider骑者,骑士

365.stomach胃 -------- stomachache( have a stomachache) 胃痛 366. (on) foot PL feet 367. head头----- headache头痛 ( have a headache) 368. tooth牙------ toothache牙痛( have a toothache) PL

377. importance (n) 重要性---- important (adj) 重要的378. babysit照顾 ----babysitting --- babysitted ---babysitter 保姆

379. plan ----- planning (for) 380. discuss---- discussion 381. follow(V) 跟随---- following 下面的 382. alone 单独的,独自的 ----lonely孤独的,荒凉的 383. win获胜---winner获胜者

384. travel ----- traveler 旅游者---- traveling 385. visit参观-----visitor参观者----- visition (s) 参观 386 invent 发明 ------ inventor发明家----- invention (s)发明物 387. nature 自然----- natural (food /gas)自然的 ------ naturally 388. tour 旅行------ tourist 旅行者 3. forget ( v) ----- forgetful (adj)健忘的 (Miss / Mr forgetful) 390. forty ----- (the) fortieth 391. show阵雨---- showery 阵雨的 392. worry (v )担忧---- worried担忧的(be worried about) (adj)

393. who谁---- whom (宾格)----- whose ( adj )谁的 394. match比赛 PL matches

4395. calm安静的 ----- calmly ----calmer 396. wild轻率的----- wildly----wilder 397. serious严肃的 ----- serious ly 398. athlete ( n) 运动员 / 运动选手----- athletic (adj )强健的

400. mean意思(what do you mean by…) ----- meaning ( the meaning of ……的意思)

401. opposite相反的 ( adj) ----- opposition反义词 402. woman妇女 PL women妇女们 403. man 男人 ----- men 男人们 404. begin ( with) ---- beginning ( at the beginning of…的开始 )

405. safe ( adj )安全的 ------ safely安全地---- safety安全 406. blend搅拌 ------ blender搅拌机 407. swim ( have a swim)游泳 ----- swimming ( go swimming / swimming pool ) – swimmer游泳者

408. pop 爆炸---- popper 爆米花机 409. mix混合----- mixture (n) 混合物---mixing

410. sandwich PL sandwiches 411. salt ---- salt 412. bread ---- bread 413. butter----- butter 黄油 414. relish ------ relish 佐料 415. chicken ----- chicken 416.meat-----meat 417. mutton---- mutton羊肉

418. beef-----beef 419. sauce-----sauce 酱油 420. onion-----onions

421. turkey ----- turkeys 422. duck----- ducks 423. recipe ----- recipes食谱 424. lettuce------ lettuces莴苣 425 . rain (v/n)雨,下雨( rain drops)----- rainy多雨的 427. coat外衣----- raincoat雨衣 428. internation 国际 ----- international国际的

429. nation国家,民族 ----- national民族的 430. achieve (v ) 成就----achievement 431. perform (v) 表演-----performer表演者---- performance (n) 432. gym体操 ---- gymnast体操运动员 433. champion冠军 ------ championship冠军称号 434. golf----- golfer 高尔夫球运动员 435. talent (n)天赋,才能 ----- talented有才能的 436. creat 创造----- creative 有创造力的 437. violin小提琴 --- violinist小提琴家 438. piano 钢琴----- pianist 钢琴家

439. music---- musician音乐家 ------ musical 音乐的

440. skate(v )(滑冰)----- skating (go / ice skating )---skater滑冰者 441. program 程序 ------programmer程序员 442. profession

职业 ------ professional

职业的 443. dream

做梦 ----- dreamer 梦想家

444. run跑 ---- runner赛跑的人---running ( star) 445. sing唱(sing a song)---song歌--- singer歌手—singing (star) 446. communicate( v)交流,沟通 ---communication (n)交流 447. lady妇女 ----- ladies’ (room)妇女们的 448. foreign(country / language)外国的,对外的 ----- foreigner (s)外国人

449. close ----(be) closed (adj) 450.difficult 困难的------ difficulty困难 PL difficulties 451 .build建立----building 建筑物(s) ( tall building)---builder建者

452. change (v) 改变---- exchange(V)交换( exchange student ) 453. open (v) 打开 ----(be) opened (adj)开着的 4. easy-容易的---- easily 455. serve (v) ----- service ( n) public service / door to door service大众服务/公共服务 456. loud大声的---- loudly 457. cloth布料----- clothes衣服 ----- clothing衣服 (总称)

458. perform表演----performer表演者----performance 459. lead领导----leader 领导者,指挥者 460.lie 过去式 lay 现在分词 lying 461. add---adding 添加 462. put---- putting 463. profession职业---- professional 专业的 4 fashion时尚 ---- fashionable 时髦的 467.meet遇见---- meeting会 ( have a meeting / class meeting / school meeting / parents’ meeting )

468. distance 距离---- distant (adj) 距离远的 469. good __ better__ best 470.well__ better__ best 471.many多__ more更多 __ most 最多 472 .much __ more__ most 473. little少__ less更少_ _least最少 561.bad / badly糟糕的_ _worse_ _worst 475. ill_ _worse_ _worst 476 . far_ _farther__ farthest 477. far进一步___ further更进一步__ furthest最进一步 478. agree同意----- disagree不同意 479. Poland波兰----- Polish (n/ adj)波兰人,波兰语/ 波兰人的,波兰语的

480.Germany 德国___ German (s) 德国人----German德语 481.Inda印度----Indian(s) 印度人 482.Japan-----Japanese日本人/ 日语/ 日本人的

483.Brazil 巴西----- Brazilian (s) 巴西人/ 巴西人的/巴西语的

484..Australia澳大利亚 ---- Australian澳大利亚人/ 澳大利亚人的/澳大利亚语的

485.Britain大不列颠----British英国 486.Italy意大利____Italia(adj) 意大利的____Italians 意大 487.Russia__Russian(s) 俄语/人 488. English英语,英国的____ England英格兰 4.France法国-----French法语-----Frenchman / Frenchmen法国人

490.China 中国------ Chinese中国人(的)/汉语(的) 491. California 加利福尼亚----- Californian (s ) 加利福尼亚人

492.America____ American(s)美国人 493.Canada___Canadian(s)加拿大 494. ----- ian 人

495.Greece希腊_____ Greek 希腊人 496.English英语/英语的____ Englishman / Englishmen ------England英格

497.Spain西班牙_____Spanish ( n / adj ) 西班牙语/西班牙的 498.Europe 欧洲------ European 欧洲人 499. Sweden瑞典_____ Swedish(adj)瑞典的 (the Swedish rock band) 500.Africa非洲----African(s)非洲人

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