Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies--fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn--fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere--incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.
AtHolmes'side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.
ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney;theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud's,wherehewas\"delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.\"
Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas\"asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney.\"Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes'firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn'ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia,ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle'slifewouldneverbethesame.1.ThetypicalfeaturesofSherlockHolmeswereallEXCEPT
A.rational.B.sociable.
C.intelligent.D.cunning.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily?
A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.B.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.
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C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.
D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.
3.HowdidConanDoylefeelabouthisfirstvisittoLondon?
A.Itwashorrible.
B.Itwaspleasant.C.Itwasawful.
D.Itwasmemorable.
4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat
A.themorecallusesapersonhas,themoreprofessionalhewouldbe.
B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences.
C.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess.D.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething.5.ConanDoyle'sshortstory\"AScandaiinBohemia\"hasprovedtobe__atlast.
A.successful
B.powerfulC.ridiculousD.frustrating参考答案与解析：
1．[B]细节判断题。考查福尔摩斯的人物性格特征，定位到第l段。第1段描写福尔摩斯是一个总是拿着卷曲烟斗、嗜好古柯碱、善于推理和伪装的一个人，因此A、C、D选项都是对福尔摩斯这一人物特征的描绘，而选项B(社交广的)并未在文中提及，本题是逆向选择题，因此选项B是答案。
2．[D]细节判断题。考查柯南道尔的家庭背景，定位到第3段。本段提到柯南道尔出生在一个中产阶级家庭但是生活很不容易，也对他的父亲进行了介绍。但是对于他的母亲文章只提到柯南道尔给其母亲写信并未提及其母受教育情况，因此选项D是答案。
3．[D]细节判断题。考查柯南道尔对伦敦的印象，定位到第3段。根据第3段末句可知，第一次伦敦之旅给柯南道尔留下难以磨灭的记忆，故答案D符合题意，同时排除其他三项。4．[C]细节推断题。从最后一段的描述可知，柯南道尔在经历了失败和挫折之后最终才取得了成功，故选项C符合题意。Bell能够从手上老茧的位置来判断一个人的职业，A误读了原文。柯南道尔的小说AStudyinScarlet以Bell为原型，但不能以此说明作者总是根据亲身经历来创作。
5．[A]细节判断题。考查柯南道尔的小说最后的结果，定位到最后一段。根据末段末句可知，柯南道尔发表在StrandMagazine上的短篇小说AScandalinBohemia中的男主角风靡一时，柯南道尔的人生也将由此发生改变．因此A选项符合题意。
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