4 Pronouns(代名词)

Mike and Paul are talking about what they did last weekend.

Mike: What did you do last weekend? Paul : Lucy and I went to the beach. Mike: Did you have a good time?

Paul : Yes, that was a nice day. We enjoyed it very much. Did you go out? Mike: I went to visit Mary. She has been ill and stayed on bed. Paul: I haven’t seen her for a while. How is she?

Mike: She has flu but it is not too serious. She will be all right soon.

在以上对话中，迈克和保罗使用了很多代名词pronouns，以避免不断重复使用迈克、保罗、露丝和玛莉等名字。

Grammar Point

代名词是代替名词的词类，本课主要介绍以下三种：人物代名词personal pronouns、指示代名词demonstrative pronouns和不定代名词indefinite pronouns。 A．人物代词词personal pronouns

1．用作代替人物、动物及物件，有主词subject和受词object的分别。 Subject I like Mary. We like Mary. You like Mary. He likes Mary. She likes Mary. It likes Mary.

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Object Mary likes me. Mary likes us. Mary likes you. Mary likes him. Mary likes her. Mary likes it.

They like Mary. Mary likes them 2．当‘I’和其他personal pronouns一同使用时，‘I’会放在较后的位置。 E.g. You and I will go together. He and I played tennis yesterday.

3．当‘you’和‘he, she, they’一同使用时，‘you’会放在较前的位置。 E.g. You and she are good friends. You and they will go together.

4．‘It’除了可用作代替动物或物件外，也可代替以下各项： a) 一位身分未明的人 Paul: Who is at the table? Ann: It looks like Peter.

b) 一个婴孩

The baby is laughing. It looks cute.

c) 天气

It is cold today.

d) 时间

It is seven o’clock now. The movie will start soon.

e) 距离

How far is it from here to the post office?

B．指示代名词demonstrative pronouns 指示某个/某些人或事情。

Singular Plural : : this, that these, those ‘This / these’用于指示较近的事物；‘that / those’则用于指示较远的事物。 E.g. This is an interesting book. That is a bright star. These are my classmates. Those are nice cars.

注意：第1课已提到同一个字词可属不同的词类，‘this, that, these, those’在以下句子中的意思可能没有多大分别，但却是分别属于代名词pronouns或形容词adjectives。（代名词后面是动词verbs，形容词后面是名

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词nouns。） Demonstrative Pronouns 1．This will be an enjoyable trip. 2．That is a good film. 3．These are very heavy boxes. 4．Those are my books. Demonstrative Adjectives* 1．This trip will be enjoyable. 2．That film is good. 3．These boxes are very heavy. 4．Those books belong to me. *很多学者把demonstrative adjectives归类于限定词determiners，因为它们是用在名词前面，有指出名词及其特点的作用。

C．不定代名词indefinite pronouns表达任何数目不明确的人物或物件的代名词。 1．Something, someone, somebody多用于肯定句： E.g. He is eating something.

Someone / Somebody has broken the vase. 也可用于疑问句，全期望的答案会是肯定的： E.g. Would you like something to drink? Yes, I would like a cup of tea, please. Can somebody please help me? Sure, my pleasure.

2．Anything, anyone, anybody用于否定句和疑问句： E.g. I haven’t eaten anything yet.

There isn’t anyone / anybody in the room. Is there anything in the box?

Has anyone / anybody seen my wallet?

3．Nothing, no one, nobody, none用于否定句，以代替‘not+any’: E.g. There is nothing to watch on TV. I can see no one / nobody in the garden. I wanted some food but there was none at home.

注意：‘Nothing, no one, nobody, none’不可和任何否定动词连用，双重否定句double negative不合正统英文文法。

4．以上各个不定代名词都只用作单数名词。 E.g. There is something under the table. Someone is calling for help! Is anyone there? 3

No one likes Susan. She is too proud. 5．Others用于表达「其他的、另外的或别的人或事物」： E.g. Some students come by bus. Others come on foot. You must help others less fortunate than yourselves. I haven’t cleaned this room yet but I’ve cleaned the others.

D．One: 一个特别的代名词

‘One’这个词既可作personal pronoun，也可作indefinite pronoun。 1．‘One’ 这个 个既可作personal pronoun，也可作indefinite pronoun。 用作进行泛泛陈述：

E.g. One should never give up easily.

A little delay will give one time to prepare.

2．‘One’作为indefinite pronoun: 用作取代主句或前句的名词：

E.g. I forgot to bring a ruler. Can you lend me one? My brother is a policeman. A good one.

Common Errors

× I have dinner with she. Sandy and me went to the party. I saw they smoking. My brother is two years older than me. John and you are my best friends. This book over there is interesting. That dogs are barking at me. Somebody are hurt in the accident. Have anyone of you been to India? No one have finished eating yet. I can’t find nothing in the room. I forgot to bring a pencil. Can you lend me a one? I have dinner with her. Sandy and I went to the party. I saw them smoking. My brother is two years older than I. You and John are my best friends. That book over there is interesting. Those dogs are barking at me. Somebody is hurt in the accident. Has anyone of you been to India? No one has finished eating yet. I can find nothing in the room. I forgot to bring a pencil. Can you lend me one? √ 4

This is Sam. This is Maggie. And this one is Joyce. This is Sam. This is Maggie. And this is Joyce. Exercise

【Level 1】

Exercise 4.1

Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences. 1．Could help me to move this big box? A．any one

B．some

C．somebody

D．anybody

2．Nicky knows about photography. A．nothing

B．nobody

C．no

D．none

3．Is there in the classroom? A．any

B．some

C．anybody

D．somebody

4．Today is a public holiday, so is in the office. A．no one

B．someone

C．anyone

D．anybody

5．I did not do special during the Christmas holiday. A．something

B．noting

C．anything

D．any

6．My brother opens the refrigerator and try to find to eat. A．something

B．anything

C．nothing

D．somebody

7． wants to fail the public examination. A．Someone

B．No one

C．anyone

D．Anybody

8．I asked him to give me tissue but he did not have . A．some, some

B．some, any

C．some, no

D．any, no

9．Mary needs to help her decorate the bedroom. A．something

B．someone

C．anyone

D．anything

10．The wanderer was a . He has no family, no close friends. A．somebody

B．anything

C．anybody

D．nobody

Exercise 4.2

Fill in the blanks with correct personal pronouns.

1．They saved the dolphins and helped to get back to the ocean. 2．Candy is my classmate. is also my best friend. 3．We are going to see a movie. begins at 6 p.m.

4．Some students are so hard working that devote much time to their study.

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5．Do you know where Helen is ? I have something important to tell . 6．Don’t disturb your classmates or the teacher will punish . 7．John is a nice guy. Everyone likes . 8．Suki and Yuki are twins. look alike.

9．I love my cat. is the loveliest creature in the world. 10．Where is your mother? I think is in the kitchen.

11．Tell the students that must wait for their parents before leaving the school. 12． am happy that your are my best friend.

13．The children are doing their homework, and are concentrated that I do not want to disturb .

14．Jessica is busy with her examination and will not come today. You can call next week.

15．Can you give that bag to have a look?

16． was raining outside that could not swim in our school’s swimming pool. 17．Jack forgot to bring his glasses. could only see things unclearly.

18．Remember to bring your passports tomorrow. Otherwise, cannot check-in on time.

Exercise 4.3

Use the proper pronouns to replace some unnecessary subjects and rewrite all the sentences. 1．Mrs. Chow is in the kitchen. Mrs. Chan is preparing dinner.

2．Jenny’s brother, Bill is still a baby boy. Jenny’s brother can’t walk yet.

3．Susan bought a book. The book was very expensive.

4．Joe and John are brothers. Joe and john go to the same school.

5．Mike is not a fan of Julia Roberts. Mike likes Brad Pitt.

6．These students are having lessons. These students are quiet and attentive.

7．Both Betty and I like badminton. Betty and I always play badminton together.

8．Kelly is a good runner. Kelly has a lot of medals.

9．Cindy is not a student anymore. Cindy is a nurse now.

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10．Maple’s dog is lovely. maple’s dog is quiet and obedient.

11．jay has great ambitions. Jay wants to be a doctor and serves people in Africa.

Exercise 4.4

Complete the following dialogue by filling in the blanks with “this is”, “these are”, “that is”, “those are” or their question forms.

Janice : Amanda, (1) my hostel. Let me show you around. Amanda: Is this your room?

Janice: Yes, (2) my room. Amanda: Whose room (3) ? Janice: That is my friend, Kerry’s room.

Amanda: How about the rooms along the corridor? Janice: (4) kitchen and bathroom. Amanda: I see. Let me see your room now.

Janice: Come here, I will show you some of my pictures. Amanda: Who (5) people? Janice: They are my family.

Amanda: (6) your sister?

Janice: No, she is my cousin, Jane. She is my uncle’s daughter. Amanda: How about the boy besides Jane, is that your brother? Janice: Yes, (7) my brother, Roy. Amanda: Are these girls your friends?

Janice: Yes, (8) my friends. We have known for each other for more than ten years. Amanda: Oh, it’s time to go. Thanks for showing me around. Janice: Not at all. Come again if you have time. Amanda: Sure.

【Level 2】

Exercise 4.5

Fill in the blanks with correct pronouns.

1．This is my sister’s boyfriend, Tom. is a teacher. 2． is already midnight. My father hasn’t come back yet. 3．Do you have to do this weekend? 4．These books aren’t mine. Are Ben’s?

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5． is our beloved grandson. We named him David. 6．No likes to be alone in the whole life.

7．We were walking near Jim’s school last Monday when we met . 8．You can sit here. is your seat. 9． left her purse here.

10．When you have finished reading this report, please pass up to the manager. 11．All the boys dare late. of them has come back yet.

12．Look at the houses over there. are the houses built by my grandpa. 13．That lazy girl did yesterday but slept all day.

14．I met George and Tim yesterday. I took a walk with to the MTR station. 15．I have a dog. It loves to play with .

16．This is an empty house. You won’t find living here.

17．Where are the teacups? are not is the cupboard. I can’t find anywhere. 18．I et my cousins yesterday. had a great time together. 19．I don’t like to lend my books to . 20．That little girl is hiding under her bed.

Exercise 4.6

Complete the following dialogue by filling in the blanks with correct pronouns. Mum: Tom, what are you doing in the kitchen?

Tom: Mum, I am starving. I am looking for (1) to eat. (2) didn’t cook tonight? Mum: No, (3) thought (4) and Katie wouldn’t come back for dinner. So, I didn’t cook (5) . Tom: Where’d you been tonight?

Mum: I went out with Aunt Mary and Aunt Lily. (6) decided to enjoy our diner at an Italian restaurant.

Tom: How was your dinner?

Mum: (7) was great. (8) had pizza, Spaghetti, garlic bread and lobster soup. Woo, the soup’s so delicious!

Tom: Oh, stop it! (9) makes me feel even hungrier.

Mum: Have you seen your sister? (10) ‘s already ten o’clock but (11) still hasn’t come back yet.

Tom: No, (12) haven’t seen (13) since this morning. Mum: Can you help (14) to call some of her friends? Tom: I only have Lucy’s. I don’t know the (15) ’ phone numbers. Mum: Can you hear that? (16) is knocking at the door. Tom: (17) must be Katie. Let’s open the door.

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Mum: Katie, what’s going on? Why didn’t you use your keys? Katie: Sorry, I left (18) at Lucy’s place.

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