2019届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthe

单元基础词汇语法回顾

I.

单词拼写

1． Their education ______ ( 体系) was perfect.

2．I hope you will recover soon under this enjoyable _____ ( 气候 ) ． 3． He felt ______ ( 鼓励 )by the progress he had made. 4． The manager doesn't _____ ( 允许 )us to use the computer. 5． The news that they were defeated ______ ( 传遍 )to the capital.

6． Tornadoes are ______ ( 猛烈的 )whirlwinds which vary in their width from a few yards to 1,300 feet.

7. The small boat was ________ ( 漂浮)on the surface of the water.

8. ________________ A great (块)of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road. 9．From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no ________________ ( 大 气层)．

10． These kittens look exactly ______ (

答案

1．system 2.climate 3.encouraged 4.allow 5.spread 6．violent

7.floating 8.block 9.atmosphere 10.alike

一样的 ). Can you tell them apart?

n.单句语法填空

1． She is a very _______ (religion) person who goes to church every Sunday. 2．This kind of plants has been in ________ (exist) for millions of years.

3． I've been ________ (puzzle) over all the figures, trying to find what happened to the missing money.

4．Welive in a _________ (globe) village, but this doesn't meanthat we all behave in the same way.

5． Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use ____________ (violent) whatever happens.

6． Reading in the sun is _____ (harm) to your eyes. 7． The wind is blowing ______ (gentle)

．

． ．

．

8．It was my friends who gave me a great deal of _________ (encourage) 9． The desertification accounted for good farmland's ______ (disappear) 10． Her teacher pointed out her mistake with _________ (patient)

11． The boy was lucky enough to escape _______ ( punish) by telling a lie. 12. Over the past five years Tom ________ (go) through a lot of hardships.

13. Whenl'm feeling

sad, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me _______________ .

14. He described the three ways ________ the problem could be solved.

15. Only by practising ______________________________ time and time again can you get the hang the grammar rules.

16. She married at 25 and gave birth ________ her first child shortly after. 17. __________________________ Tom got up late, thus (miss) the early bus. 18. __________________________ Last night a fire broke in the hotel across the street. 19. The fireworks exploded ________ all direct ions. 20. This garden is three times ________ big as that one.

答案

1. religious 2.existenee 3.puzzling

4.global

5. violenee 6.harmful 7.gently 8.encouragement 9. disappearanee

10.patienee

11.being punished

12. has gone 13.up 14.that 15.of 16.to 17.missing

18. out 19.in 20.as

川.单句改错

1. There is so much rain on the isla nd that its annual rain fall reaches as many as sixty inches. _______

2. The problem of pollution is worth paying attention. ______ 3. This is such interesting a film that I have seen it twice. ______

4. When people in the room heard some one crying “ Fire! Fire ! ” they were seized by panic and bega n to run towards all directions. ______

5. Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere that they feel con fide nt about doing so. ______

6. Because there is no air or wind on the moon, the footprints may stay there for milli on of years. _______

答案

1. many 改为 much 2.attention

后加 to 3.such 改为 so

4. towards 改为 in 5.that 改为 where 6. million 改为 millions

IV .语法填空

Visitors to Brita in may find the best place __1__ enjoy local culture is in a traditional

pub. But newcomers may get into trouble in these friendly

pubs. Strangers

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may start with the difficulty of getting to go to the bar (吧台)to buy drinks. people are used to doing so.

Pub culture is formed __3__ (help) people get along with each other. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others __4__ (wait) for drin ks. The

bar counter is __5__ (possible) the only place in Brita in a friendly conversation with strangers __7__ (consider) to be entirely proper and really quite normal, __8__, if you do not follow the local

rules, you may fail to feel the local

culture. For example, if you are in a big group, 9__ is best for one or two people

to go to buy the drin ks. Noth ing makes the regular customers and bar staff __10 (an gry) tha n a group of stra ngers sta nding in front of the bar while they chat and won der what to order.

答案

1. to 2.inconvenient 6. where 7.is considered

3.to help 4.waiting 5.possibly

8.however 9.it 10.angrier

a drink. Most pubs have no waiters ——you have

but English

This may sound __2__ (convenient),

V.短文改错

A few days ago when taking the walk with my mother in the park, I came across a foreig ner. Judged by his puzzled expressi on, I thought he might in n eed of help. So I went up and asked whether I could help him in En glish. He told me he had got lost. He had turned to several passer - by for help, and they could n't speak En glish. Then he told me his destination. Fortunately, I was quite familiar to the place. In order to make myself un dersta nd, I told him how to go there as clear as possible.

Although it was the first time that I have talked to a foreigner face to face he totally un derstood what I said and tha nked for me.

答案

A few days ago when taking the ___ walk with my mother in the park, I came across

a

a foreigner. Judged by his puzzled expression, I thought he might A in need of help.

Judgi ng

be

So I went up and asked whether I could help him in En glish. He told me he had got lost. He had turned to several passer - by for help, and they could n't

passers - by

but

speak En glish.

Then he told me his destination. Fortunately, I was quite familiar to_ the place.

with

3

un derstood clearly

Although it was the first time that I have

had

talked to a foreig ner face to face he

In order to make myself understand , I told him how to go there as clear as possible.

totally un derstood what I said and tha nked for \\ me.

单元能力训练与技巧指导

练 一

语言知识运用保分练

1篇完形+ 1篇语法填空，限时25分钟

I .完形填空

It was an un forgettable weeke nd.l had a great time at the __1__.However,_after I arrived home, I no ticed my owl n ecklace was __2__」was so an xious that I __3__

_

every room in the house, but my efforts were __4__ vain. The n I decided to head back to the beach.My husba nd thought I was __5_ _

, as the huge beach was nine miles from

our home.How could I __6___pne tiny n ecklace? What if it came off in the ocea n? I was __7__ to even con sider that as a possibilit y.I knew I had to try.

After searching for several hours at the beach, I __8__ an elderly man with a

metal detector ( 探测器)in his hand」__9__ up to him and asked whether he had come across a necklace.He opened his hand and showed me his __10__ — some coins.He said if he saw my n ecklace he would __11_ return it to me.I also wan ted him to have eno ugh __12__ to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my n ame and my address.The n I left.

My husba nd __13__ me and said that he would buy me a new on e.But I turned dow n his nice __14 __ , as that necklace could n't be __15__」t was my dad who had found a special way to give me that __16__ n ecklace.There had bee n a yard sale in my

com muni ty.Am ong the thi ngs that were put on __17__ he fo und the n ecklace .Un able to __18_ it, my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) __19__. Un expectedly, three days later, I received a package .In side were a $5 bill and my owl n ecklace.The mome nt I saw the n ecklace, I could n't help __20__.

_

_

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在沙滩上把自己的项链丢失了，然后又回到沙 滩上找，没有找到，最后被一个老人找到并寄给作者的故事。

1. A.campus C. library

B. beach D. museum

”可知，这里

解析：选 B 根据下文的\"Then I decided to head back to the beach. 应该指的是在沙滩上。

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2. A.brokenB. stolen

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C． lost D． disappearing

解析：选C根据下文作者后来又去沙滩上找项链可知，

了， lost “丢 失的”，符合文意。

3．A.searched C． occupied

B． cleaned D． measured

此处应指项链丢失

解析： 选 A 根据上下文可知， 项链丢失了， 此处应该是在家里找。 search 表示“寻找”， 符合语境。

4．A.for C．in

B． with D． at

”可知，在家

解析：选 C 根据下文的“ Then I decided to head back to the beach. 里没有找到。 in vain 表示“徒劳，白费功夫” ，符合语境。

5．A.curious C．careless

B． anxious D． crazy

解析：选 D 根据下文的“ as the huge beach was nine miles from our home 沙滩很大并且离家那么远，故在作者决定去沙滩寻找项链时，丈夫认为作者发疯了。

6． A.find out C．describe

B． locate D． observe

”可知，

解析：选B此处表示在一个沙滩上找一个微小的东西。 定位”，符合语境，故选 B 项。

7．A.unable C．prepared

B． eager D． unwilling

locate表示“确定 ..... 的位置，

解析：选 D 前一句说项链有可能掉进了海里，这样的话，项链就不能找到了，作者显 然是不愿意这种情况发生的，所以选

8．A.rescued C．admired

D项。

B． noticed D． hired

解析： 选 B 作者寻找了几个小时后， 不经意间看到 (noticed) 一个手里拿着金属探测器 的老人。 9．A.raced C．crawled

B． walked D． approached

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解析：选 A根据上下文可知，作者急切地想找到项链，所以跑向了老人。 移动”。

10． A.achievement C． cha rge

B． equipment D． priority

race “快速

解析：选 A 根据上文提到的老人手里拿着金属探测器可知，他在沙滩上寻找东西，再

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B. decorated

根据作者问他是否看到一条项链时，他摊开手，手上只有几个硬币，且根据破折号可知，这 里应该用 achievement \"成就”。

11. A.randomly B. gratefully

C. gladly

D. sincerely

解析：选 C根据下文老人把找到的项链还给作者可以推知，老人此时说的应该是如果 看见他会乐意(gladly)把它归还给作者。

12. A.time B. postage

C. reason

D. ability

解析：选 B 根据空后的\"to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address ”可知，作者给他邮资 (postage)让他邮寄项链。

13. A.promised B. reminded

C. blamed

D. comforted

解析：选D根据上下文可知，找不到项链的作者非常着急，丈夫要给作者买一条新的, 这应该是安慰作者的话，故选

D, comfort \"安慰”。

14. A.gesture B. invitation C. assistanee

D. comment

解析：选A本段第一句是丈夫安慰作者的话，只是丈夫展现的一个姿态 (gesture) , nice

gesture 表示\"友好的表示”。

15. A.compared

C. replaced

D. recog nized

”和下文的“ It was my

解析：选 C 根据上文的\"But I turned down his nice __14__ dad who had found a special way to give me that __16__ n ecklace. 可知，这条项链

是其他项链无法替代的。

16. A.similar B. precious C. temporary

D. expensive

解析：选B根据上下文可知，那条项链很珍贵 (precious)

17. A.schedule B. occasion

C. approval

D. display

解析：选 D根据语境可知，当时社区在进行庭院旧货出售，既然父亲发现那条项链， 说明当时那条项链在展出

(on display)。

18. A.afford B. devote

C. preserve

D. repair

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解析：选 A 根据下文的\"my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner 知，当时父亲买不起那条项链， afford

“承担得起……的费用”，符合文意。

”可

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19. A.advantage C. exchange

解析：选C既然买不起，父亲提出给项链的主人做一个书架以换取那条项链。

20. A.laughing C. exciting

解析：选 D根据上文内容可知，作者的那条项链意义特殊，对作者来说非常珍贵，老 人把它和作者给他的五美元邮寄费一起寄来，作者忍不住哭

(cryi ng)起来了。

B. decision D. reward

B. screaming D. crying

n.语法填空

The Shudao connected Xi'an,

in Shaanxi Province, to Sichuan in ancient times and

is more tha n 3,000 years old .If an adve nturous holiday is __1__ one is after, the n a hike along Shudao should n't __2__ (miss)

.

I hiked along the road last year.Certain parts of it were so narrow that even two slim people could __3__ (bare) pass each other.I __4__ (be nd) over from time to time to avoid bumping my head against rocks on my left.

Despite the rough ground, there are many __5__ (hide) delights appeali ng to

tourists.Blue rivers and towering trees make up much of Shudao's Iandscape.The varied shapes of the clouds float low, __6__ (surp und) the mountain in mist, which gives the road a fairy - tale touch.

A middle -aged man hiking along with us carried a big bamboo basket full of sand on his back.After tak ing __7__ break to catch his breath, he told us the sand was intended 旦 building work in higher mountains.Parting

from the kind man, we headed

. It is

for Zhaohua ancient town, distinguished for many historical __9__ (attract) _

one of the __10__ (well) preserved sites featuring elements from the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220

- 280).

语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者的蜀道徒步之旅。 1. what what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。 2.

hike along Shudao 式。

3.

barely 此处应用副词barely修饰动词pass，意为\"勉强才能”。

be nt根据上文的\"last year

”可知，事情发生在过去，

be missed miss和句子主语\"a ”之间是被动关系，故用被动 形

4.

故此处用一般过去时。

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5.

hidden hidden作定语。

根据空后的名词 delights 可知，空处应用形容词

6. surrounding surround和句子谓语float之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，又 因surround 和句子主语\"The varied shapes of the clouds 故用现在分词作状语。

7.

为\"休息，小憩”，为固定用法，故用不定冠词

a take a break 意a。

”之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，

8. ......................................................................... for be intended for sth. 意为\"为 而准备的”，故用介词for 。

9.

attractions

空处被形many可

容词 historical 修饰，故空处应用名词形式，又由 知，空处应填 attractio ns 。

10.

由空前的\"one of the ”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用最高级

练 二 主观题强化增分练

1篇语法填空+ 1篇短改+ 1篇写作，限时45分钟

best best。

I .语法填空

The World Health Orga ni zati on (WHO) has made an appeal to scie ntists, drug

manufacturers and governme nts.The WHO wan ts them to work together __1__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.These bacteria __2__ (be) able to resist __3__ (power) _ antibiotic ( 抗生素)drugs.The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name

“ superbug ”.

The Un ited Nati ons age ncy reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human 4 (healthy) . It said they have __5__ ability to easily turn treatable infections

into killers.The WHCfeays superbugs can also pass along genetic material

__6__ helps other bacteria become resista nt to drug treatme nt.

Marie - Paule Kie ny is the Assista nt Director - Ge neral at the WHO.She said,

“ An tibiotic resista nce is grow ing and we are fast running out __7__ treatme nt _ opti ons. ” She urged gover nments to give drug compa nies reasons to develop new treatments. we leave it to market forces alone, the new antibiotics we most (urgent) need are not going to be developed in time

, ” she said.

\"If 8 Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9__ (require) by doctors.Whe n this happe ns, infections that __10__

_

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(treat) at one time easily become resista nt.

语篇解读：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健 康的威胁。

1. 2.

are

to develop 此处是不定式作目的状语，故填 to develop 。

此处表示客观的陈述，故用These bacteria ”可知，

一般现在时；结合空前的\" 应填are。

3.

powerful

此处应用形容词作定语powerful o

修饰名词短语，故填形容词

4.

health 介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。human health意为\"人类健 康”，

作介词to的宾语。

5.

the ability 被不定式短语\"to easily turn treatable infections into killers ”

the修饰。

引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词

genetic

所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词

6 . that/which that/which material 。

7. of

固定搭配run out of

意为\"用完”，故填介词of。

urgently 修饰动

& urgently 词 need。

副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词

9. required 分析句子结构可知，require 和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用 过去分词作后置定语。

10. 在过

去，且动词treat和infections

之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

were treated 根据时间状语\"at one time ”可知，treat所表示的动作发生

n.短文改错

After I elected chairman of the students'

union of our school, I decided to start

a school En glish n ewspaper for us stude nt. Together with five schoolmates with excellently English, I tried to cover up what was going on in our school. Beside, we took some won derful pictures about our school life. When the first issue of the newspaper came out, it was very popular with the students. So far, I had been working as the chief editor for half a year, which helps myself a lot with myleadership skills. In my opinion, start a school newspaper can be fun, but it is an huge responsibility as well. I am really proud of that rve done.

答案：第一句： elected 前力口 was; student

students

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第二句：excellently excellent; 去掉 up

第三句： Beside Besides 第五句： had^ have; myself me 第六句： start Tstarting; an a 第七句：that T what 川.书面表达

假如你是李华，你班交换生Amy这两天因身体不适， 未能到校上课，请给她写一封邮件，

要点如下：

1 .表示安慰；

2. 询问她是否能参加下周六学校举行的足球比赛； 3. 邀请她下个月到你家共度端午节。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.

可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3

1

参考范文： Dear Amy,

I am so sorry to lear n that you sudde nly fell ill .1 t's n ever easy to adapt to a new environment, and hopefully you'll soon get used to it.

As scheduled, our football match will take place n ext Saturda y.I would greatly appreciate it if you could let me know whether you can take part in it by then.By the way, our traditional Dragon Boat Festival is coming next month.My family and I are all expecting your coming to enjoy the authentic festive atmosphere with us.

Don't hesitate to tell me if you need any help.Sincerely hope that you will be well soon.

Yours ,

Li Hua

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