英语专业四级考试模拟测试及答案解析

一、单选题（共18题，共30分）1.Underthis____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.A.intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulkyABCD正确答案：C本题解析：「句意」在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。「难点」intensive意为“加强的;集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的;笨重的”;intense意为”强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的;粗壮的”。2.Marytiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit___whenshewastryingtogotosleep.A.soundingB.ringingC.tickingD.hummingABCD正确答案：C本题解析：「句意」玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。「难点」sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音“;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”3.Modern____perhapscausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.A.techniqueB.technologyC.tacticsD.tendencyABCD正确答案：B本题解析：「句意」现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。「难点」technique意为“技法;具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术“;tactics意为”战术，兵法，策略“;tendency意为”倾向“。4.MissGreenwas____$100fordrivingafterdrinking.A.finedB.chargedC.punishedD.posedABCD正确答案：A本题解析：「句意」格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。「难点」fine意为“处,以罚金”;charge意为“要(价)，收(费)，要(人)支付(钱)“;punish意为”罚，惩罚“;pose意为”造成，引起(困难)“。5.Toobtainasatisfactoryresult，onemustapplytwo____ofpaintonacleansurface.A.coatsB.levelsC.timesD.coursesABCD正确答案：A本题解析：「句意」为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。「难点」coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意为“次，回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面;一排”。6.Wecanhear____fromthebackoftheroom.A.justasgoodB.justaseasyC.justaswellD.easilyaswellABCD正确答案：C本题解析：「句意」我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。「难点」aswell意为“(程度)同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词hear;just表示程度，意为“刚好”。7.Evenifhisletter____tomorrow，it____toolatetodoanything.A.willarrive,,isB.shouldarrive,,wereC.arrives,,willbeD.arrives,,wouldbeABCD正确答案：C本题解析：「句意」即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。「难点」在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使用将来时。8.Frankalmostneverreceivedanyeducation,____?A.wouldheB.didheC.didn'theD.wouldn'theABCD正确答案：B本题解析：「句意」弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?「难点」这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。9.John'sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____lastnight.A.muststudyB.shouldhavestudiedC.musthavestudiedD.issuretostudyABCD正确答案：C本题解析：「句意」约翰的考试分数全班最高;他昨天晚上一定学习了。「难点」表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用musthavedone这一句型结构。10.Hesetupinbusiness____hisownandwasverysuccessful.A.inB.ofC.onD.byABCD正确答案：C本题解析：「句意」他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。「难点」onone‘sown是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”;ofone’sown表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：Ihaveaflatofmyown.我自己有套房子。11.患者男，40岁，2周来右侧咬物不适，冷水引起疼痛，近2日来夜间疼痛，影响睡眠，并引起半侧头痛，疼痛不能定位，检查右侧上、下磨牙面均有深的龋洞。对患牙的应急处理为A.拔除B.开髓引流C.抗炎止痛D.安抚治疗E.间接盖髓充填ABCDE正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析12.一女性患者，50岁.有风湿性关节炎史，现心悸不安，胸闷不舒，心痛时作，舌质紫暗，脉涩，其治疗应选用A.朱砂安神丸B.桃红四物汤C.通窍活血汤D.桃仁红花煎E.酸枣仁汤ABCDE正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析13.青年女性李××，平素体健，三日前突受惊吓，先心悸易惊，作卧不宁，少寐多梦，舌苔薄白，脉弦治疗宜选A.朱砂安神丸B.归脾汤C.天王补心丹D.安神定志丸加琥珀、磁石、朱砂E.桂甘龙牡汤ABCDE正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析14.Thebackgardenofourhousecontainsalawn，____verypleasanttositoninsummer.A.whichisB.whichitisC.itisD.whereitisABCD正确答案：A本题解析：「句意」我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。「难点」which引出非性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和siton构成动宾关系。类似的句子有：Thisroomiscomfortabletolivein这句中livein和thisroom构成动宾关系。15.Breadandbutter____likedbyWesterners.A.isB.areC.wereD.beABCD正确答案：A本题解析：「句意」黄油面包受西方人青睐。「难点」breadandbutter是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。16.Josephwasverylucky____withhislife;healmostdidnotgetoutoftheroom.A.toescapeB.tohaveescapedC.toescapingD.tobeescapingABCD正确答案：B本题解析：「句意」约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命;他险些没从房间里逃出来。「难点」tohaveescaped是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已x完成。17.You____thatlettertoJames.However，youdidn't.A.oughttowriteB.oughttohavewrittenC.shouldwriteD.shouldbewritingABCD正确答案：B本题解析：「句意」你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。「难点」oughttohavewritten是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。18.Although____Spanish，heattendedthecourse.A.hewasknowingB.heisknowingC.havingaknowledgeofD.knowsABCD正确答案：C本题解析：「句意」虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。「难点」know是静态动词，不能用于进行时;选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组haveraknowledgeof中，所以选C)。二、问答题（共4题，共40分）19.PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSIONInthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.TEXTARacket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica'smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople'shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds—sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoyancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesannoyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessaryamountsofrest.Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbetweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.1.InParagraph1,thephrase\"immuneto\"areusedtomean___.A.unaffectedbyB.hurtbyC.unlikelytobeseenbyD.unknownby2.Theauthor'sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas___.A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit___.A.isagainstthelawB.canmakesomepeopleirritableC.isanuisanceD.inagangertopeople'shealth5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe___.A.unimportantB.impossible.C.awasteofmoneyD.essential正确答案：ACCDD20.TEXTBWhatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother'sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.7.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat____.A.sheisemotionallyshockedB.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritanceC.shetakespartinallkindofactivitiesD.shestickstostudying8.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit____.A.everythingfromhismotherB.aknowledgeofmathematicsC.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligenceD.hermother'smusicalability9.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill____.A.surelybecomemusicianB.mostlybecomeapoetC.possiblybecomeateacherD.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RoleofInheritance.B.AnUnbornChild.C.Functionofinstincts.D.InheritedTalents.正确答案：BACDA21.TEXTCTherearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbroughtup.Ifanindividualishandicapped(不利)environmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMark.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefoster(抚养)homes.Peterwasraisedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.11.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled____________.A.MeasuringYourIntelligenceB.IntelligenceandEnvironmentC.TheCaseofPeterandMarkD.HowtheBrainInfluencesIntelligence12.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat_______.A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderablyB.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligenceC.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligenceD.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence13.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is_______.A.85.B.100C.110D.12514.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat_______.A.individualswithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatthesamelevelB.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironmentC.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligenceD.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain15.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q._______.A.canbepredictedatbirthB.staysthesamethroughouthislifeC.canbeincreasedbyeducationD.isdeterminedbyhischildhood正确答案：BCBCC22.TEXTDPersonalityis，tolargeextent,inherent--A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionisimprotanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorlivesoftheirchildren.OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsverynature,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe\"winatallcosts\"moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveAtypesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:rememberthatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:\"Rejoice,weconquer!\".Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionable,butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeinto'B's.Thewouldneedstypes,andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.16.Accordingtotheauthor,whatfactorscontributetothebuildingofpersonality?A.inheritanceb.inheritance,competitionandenvironmentc.competitiond.environment17.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtotheauthorofthepassage?A.Schoolsusuallyadoptseverecompetitivepolicies.B.Studentsareoftendividedbycompetitionresults.C.Schoolisplacewherechildrencultivatetheircharacteristics.D.Thestrongerdesireforwinning,thebetter.18.Thephrase\"soakup\"isclosestinmeaningto____.A.pullupb.takeupc.takeind.pullin19.Whatattitudedoestheauthorholdtowardexaminationsinschools?A.positiveb.negativec.doubtfuld.neutral20.whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeconcerningthemanagementofschools?A.AllstudentsbemadeintocompetitiveAtypes.B.Achild'spersonalitybeconsideredinregardtohispossiblefuturejob.C.AllstudentsbechangedintoBcharacteristics.D.Schoolsabolishallformsofexaminations.正确答案：BDCCB