二轮复习教师寄语：高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语语法填空、改错题、高考英语作文中，在进行阅读理解和完形填空时也用得到。可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。高考英语语法不难，总结起来也就十几点，希望同学们在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律，再反过来通过题目精炼。一、介词的分类
分类简单介词合成介词短语介词
特点即一个介词
during, in, on等等。
由两个介词构成合成词
由短语构成
thanks to等等。
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。分词介词兼类介词
由现在分词转化而来由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。into, onto, throughout, upon, within
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to,
例词
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond,
二、介词短语的功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能
作定语
例 句
They didn’t find the solution to the problem.We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）
作状语
What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）
作表语作宾语补足语
When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.I found the old building in a bad condition.
三、常考介词（短语）的区别
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念时间
介词（短语）
inonat
区 别
at在一个时间点上；in在一段的时间之内；on在具体日子。
来源:Z§xx§k.Com]
例 子
①at 8 o’clock, at noon②in the 1990s, in January
③on Monday, on a warm morning
[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]
sincefrom
since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；
from指从时间的某一点开始。in指在一段时间之后，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
①We have not seen each other since 1995.②I hope to do morning exercises from today.
①We’ll be back in three days.
②After seven the rain began to fall.③What shall we do after graduation?①In the end they reached a place of safety.②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.①You are to sit between your father and me.
②He is always happy among his classmates.
①Agreements were made between the different countries.②The little valley lies between high mountains.③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.①Changchun is in the northeast of China.②Mongolia is on the north of China.③Japan is to the east of China.
in,after
in the endat the end ofby the end of
betweenamong
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就用between。
inontoonin
in表示在某范围内；on指与什么毗邻；
to指在某环境范围之外。
位置
①There is a book on the piece of paper.
on只表示在某物的表面上，
②There is an interesting article in the
而用in表示占去某物一部分。newspaper.
③ He dug a hole in the wall.
in通常表示位置（静态）；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。
ininto
①We walked in the park.②We walked into the park.
throughacross
through表示从内部通过，与
in 有关；across则表示从一①Water flows through the pipe.
端至另一端在表面上的通过，②The old man walked across the street.与on有关。
in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。
in the corner on the corner at the corner
①The lamp stands in the corner of the room.②I met with him at the street corner.③He sat on the corner of the table.
除了
besidesexceptbutexcept for
besides指“除了……还有，再加上”；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。
①All went out besides me. ②All went out except me.
③I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.④His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
表示的概念动作（表进行概念、表被动的关系）
构成例 子
at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at rest在休息 school在上学 at church在做礼拜
beyond belief难以置信 beyond compare无可比拟 beyond expression无法表达
at war交战
at play 在玩耍 at press正在排印
at+名词
beyond+名词
beyond control不听管教。 beyond description难以形容beyond suspicion无可怀疑
in+名词或in +名词+of+
名词
in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight看得见 in store贮藏着in course of construction正在兴建当中。 in (good) repair维修良好的
in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有in addition加之，又，另外； in advance在前头，事先，预先；in case如果，万一； in charge主管，掌管，看管in common共有，共同，公有； in conclusion最后，在结束时in control管理，掌握； in danger在危险中，垂危；in demand有需要的，吃香的； in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的；in effect实际上，生效； in fact事实上；in future今后，以后； in haste匆忙地，草率地；in order按序，井然有序，情况良好，恰当；in progress进行中；in public公开地，当众； in return作为回报；
in shape处于良好状态，在外形上； in trouble在危险、受罚、的处境中；in turn依次，替换地； in use在使用着。 on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假on watch值班 on duty值勤/日。on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march在行军on the air在广播 on fire在燃烧。on trial在试用 on show/display/ exhibition在展出under control在控制之中 underdevelopment在发展中 under test在被测试
under discussion在讨论under observation在观察中under construction在建设中
on+名词
under+名词
under fire在炮火中 under consideration在考虑中 under arrest被逮捕
under medical treatment在治疗中 under examination在检查/调查中under repair在修理中under attack受到袭击under study在研究中
其他
against one’s opinion反对某人的见解for one’s opinion同意某人的见解above reproach无可指责，无可非议 above suspicion不受怀疑above criticism无可指责
at the mercy of在……支配下；任由……摆布
for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得见
2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别常见形容词absentafraidangryanxiousdifferentfamiliar
搭配(be) absent from(be) absent in(be) afraid of(be) afraid for(be) angry with sb.(be) angry at/about sth.(be)anxious for sth(be)anxious about sth./sb.(be) different from(be) different to(be) familiar with(be) familiar to(be) good at
good
(be) good for(be) good to
popularstrict
(be) popular with sb.(be) popular for(be) strict with sb.(be) strict in sth.
意义缺席不在这里而在……
担心……为……而担心对某人生气因某事而生气急于想得到对某事/某人担心与……不同不关心精通，熟悉为……熟知（悉）
擅长于对……有益对……友好/态度好
受……欢迎因……而流行对某人要求严格对某事要求严格
3.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组
类 型
举 例
in front of（在……前面)——in the front of（在……前部） in charge of（负责）——in the charge of（由……负责）
out of question（毫无疑问）——out of the question（不可能） at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at the table（在桌子旁边）know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击
search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人
believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处serve the people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for） enter the room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）
follow me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）
差一冠词，大相径庭
有无介词，意义不同
画蛇添足，误加介词
marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）go abroad出国（容易在go后面加to） live upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by） leave for some place动身去某地（不用to）
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for） in the direction朝着……方向（不用to）
do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to） different from和……不同（不用with）
with the help of在……的帮助下（不用under） steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）
read sth. to sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）
母语思维，误用介词
4. 介词的搭配形式类型
“形容词+介词”型搭配的常见结构：
at前的adj.：angry, clever, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled…of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy…with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient…in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich…to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, close, available,
for前的adj.: sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, be hungry/ thirsty…from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe, absent…
about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain, curious…
“名词+介词”型搭配的常见结构：the key/ answer/ visit/ apology/ introduction/ way…to
wish/ desire/ hope/ prize/ respect…for
pity/ mercy/ congratulation/ effect/ advice/ impression/ influence…on
形容词和副词练习题：
Ⅰ. 在下列句子中填入适当的介词
1）. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ______ a chair. (安徽)
3）. You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much. (福建)4）. I began to feel _________ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)5）. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _________ the weather. (浙江)
6）. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ______ girls of your age. (北京)
7）. Although _________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. (福建)
8）. Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health. (江西)9）. Experts have been warning ______ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西)10）. The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting. (全国I)
11）. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _________ money these days.(全国12）. Some students often listen to music ______ classes to refresh themselves. (四13）. The open-air celebration has been put off because ______ the bad weather. (浙江)
14）. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s _________the visiting hours. (福建)15）. It’s quite__________ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽)
16）. —It’s a top secret. —Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ________ you and me.(上海)
17）. People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁)
18）. After the earthquake, the injured were cared ______ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the
neighboring cities. (江西)
19）. I would like a job which pays more, but ______ the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment. (浙江)20）. More and more young people are fond __________ playing tennis nowadays. (上海)21）. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ case you lock yourself out one day. (北京)
22）. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, __________ which there won’t be much work. (上海)
23）. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ which New York is an example. (四川)24）. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _________which
appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建)
25）. The book was written in 1946, ______ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山东)26）. He was educated at the local high school, ______ which he went on to Beijing University. (江苏)
27）. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______which they can be controlled on
purpose. (重庆)
II. 语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空
Fathers’ Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day [1]______children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman[2]______the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought[3] ______ the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon [4]______ 1909.
Having been raised [5]______ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was [6]______her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,[7] ______the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonora's father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration [8]______ Spokane, Washington [9]______the 19th of June, 1910.
In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June [10]______Father's Day. Roses are the Father's Day flowers.
【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against,
of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond,
beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as
【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond,
beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, to
II. for by of in by to in in on as
【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond,
beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as
【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond,
beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, II. for by of in by to in in on as
【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, II. for by of in by to in in on as
【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, II. for by of in by to in in on as
【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, II. for by of in by to in in on as 【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against,
of on, for, for, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, II. for by of in by to in in on as
after, tobesides, between, after, tobesides, between, after, tobesides, between, after, tobesides, between, after, toof, beyond,
of, beyond,
of, beyond,
of, beyond,
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