新视野大学英语2第三至五单元单词详解
第三单元
V. Detailed Study of the Text
Words and Phrases Study
1. character
n.1) [C] qualities that make sb. a particular type of person 性格，个性What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 根据她写的字，你觉得她有什么样的性格？
I choose my friends for their good characters. 我择友的标准是品格一定要
好。
2) [C] qualities that make sth. what it is and different from others 特点，特征
The whole character of the village has changed since I was last here. 自我上
次来这里之后，这个村子的面貌完全变了。
The idea was to rebuild the house without changing its basic character. 计划是将那幢房子按原貌加以改建。
2. compromise
n.[C, U] an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥协；折中
She found that compromise was always the best way when she quarreled with her mother. 她发现，与母亲争吵时让步总是最好的解决方法。
It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today’s talk. 希望今天的会
谈能达成妥协。
v.reach an agreement by making a compromise 妥协；折中
The workers are going to strike for their welfare if the employers are not ready to compromise. 雇主们要是不妥协，工人们就将为争取自己的福利而罢
工。
Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so let’s compromise at $350. 好吧，既然你开价400美元而我还价300美元，那我们就来个折衷价350美元。
3. involved
a. taking part in an activity or event; connected with sth. 参与的；有关的
He became involved in a dispute. 他卷入了一场争论中。
We want all those who are interested to get involved. 我们想让所有感兴趣
的人参与其中。
4. subtle
a.not easy to notice or understand 微妙的，细微的
These two expressions only have a subtle difference in meaning. 这两个表达在语意上的差别很细微。
Her whole attitude had had a subtle change. 她的整个态度发生了微妙的变
化。
5. hatred
n.[U] a strong feeling of dislike for sb. or sth. 痛恨，憎恨
The reason for this shocking attack seemed to be racial hatred. 看来是种族
仇恨引发了这起骇人听闻的袭击。
He looked at me with hatred. 他用憎恨的目光看着我。
6. illusion
n.[C] a false idea, belief or impression 幻觉；错觉
I have no illusions about my ability. 我知道自己能力有限。
We’re left with few illusions about our partners. 我们对自己的同伴已不存
在什么幻想。
7. mutual
a.1) felt or done in the same way by two or more people toward each other 相互
的
The plan was ended by mutual agreement. 双方均同意终止这项计划。
Their working well together was based on mutual respect, trust, and
understanding. 他们的合作是建立在互相尊重、信任和理解基础上的。
2) shared by two or more people 共同的；共有的
Lynn and Phil met through a mutual friend. 林恩和菲尔是通过共同的朋友
相识的。
8. compatible
a.1) (of people) able to have a good relationship because of similar opinions or
interests 合得来的；情投意合的
The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因合不来而分手了。
Make sure you’re compatible with him before you start sharing a house. 在你们合住之前你先要确定是否能和他和睦相处。
2) (of equipment) able to be used together 兼容的；配套的
The computer program isn’t compatible with this operating system. 计算机程序与这套操作系统不兼容。
9. overlook
vt.1) not notice sth. 没注意到；忽略
He overlooked a spelling mistake on the first page. 他没有注意到第一页上
的一处拼写错误。
I overlooked this problem and have to deal with it now. 我之前忽视了这个
问题，现在必须要着手解决它。
2) have a view of a place from above 俯视；眺望
Her bedroom has large windows overlooking a lake. 她卧室的几扇大窗户
正对着湖面。
The beach house had a balcony that overlooked the sea. 从那幢海边别墅的
阳台能眺望大海。
10. expectation
n.[C, U] the belief that sth. will happen 期待；预料
There’s no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚不会下雪。
Considering the problems he’s had, there can be little expectation of his
winning the match. 考虑到他最近所遇到的问题，他在这场比赛中获胜
是没有指望了。
11. painful
a.causing pain 痛苦的
It was so painful to see how weak she had become in just a few months. 几
个月工夫她就变得如此虚弱，看了真让人心痛。
She remembered with painful clarity when she’d first met Mac. 她清晰地
记得是什么时候第一次遇见了马克，心中感觉痛楚。
12. divorce
n.[C, U] the legal ending of a marriage 离婚
ask for a divorce 提出离婚
She got a divorce after years of unhappiness. 过了多年不愉快的生活后她
终于获准离婚了。
v.end a marriage lawfully 离婚
It was such a shame when Martha and Jamie divorced. 玛莎和杰米离婚
了，真是可惜！
The judge divorced Mr. and Mrs. Jones. 法官判琼斯夫妇离婚。
13. bud
vi.produce buds 发芽，萌芽
The trees are budding early this year. 今年树木发芽早。
The unusually cold winter has caused many plants to bud late this year. 异
常寒冷的冬天使今年许多植物都推迟了发芽。
n.[C] a part of a plant that will open to form a leaf or flower 芽；花蕾The trees all around are covered in buds. 周围的树都发芽了。
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May. 狂风会吹落五月的娇花嫩
瓣。
14. budding
a.just beginning 刚开始的
These two companies just have a budding relationship. 两公司之间的刚开
始建立联系。
He was so sure of his plan that he overlooked the budding problem. 他对自
己的计划充满了自信，结果忽视了正在萌发的问题。
15. resistance
n.1) [sing., U] refusal to accept sth. 抵制；反对
The idea met with some resistance. 那个意见遭到了一些反对。
There’s a lot of resistance to the idea of a united Europe. 对欧洲统一的想
法存在许多反对意见。
2) [sing., U] the use of force to act against sb. or sth. 抵抗；对抗
They put up a passive resistance. 他们进行着消极的抵抗。
A good diet helps the body to build up resistance to disease. 良好的日常饮
食可增强身体的抗病能力。
16. supportive
a.helpful or encouraging 支持的；支援的
We often hear from the villagers that their families are supportive of their
efforts. 我们常常听村民们说他们的家人十分支持他们的努力。
The banks had been immensely supportive in helping save the company. 几
家银行对救助这家公司十分支持。
17. grand
a.1) (used in compounds) 表示”亲戚关系.隔一代的”
grandchildren (外) 孙子(女)
grandparents (外) 祖父母
2) splendid in appearance or style; impressive 壮丽的；宏伟的
A grand building marking the successful completion of the project adds to
the attraction of the place. 纪念这个工程圆满完成的宏伟建筑物使这地方
更具魅力。
The mansion was more than luxurious; it was grand. 那座大厦不仅仅是奢
华，而是壮丽宏伟。
18. counsel
vt.give sb. advice 劝告；忠告
He counseled them to give up the plan. 他劝他们放弃这个计划。
The school is now providing a service to counsel students with drug
problems. 学校向有吸毒问题的学生提供咨询服务。
19. subsequently
ad.after an event in the past 后来；接着
They subsequently heard he had left the country. 他们后来听说他已离开
了那个国家。
The old school was bought and subsequently turned into a private house.这
所旧学校被买下来并随后改建成了私人住宅。
20. harbor (BrE harbour)
vt.keep sth. in one’s mind for a long time 心怀；怀有
Tiffany’s been harboring spite against our boss ever since her transfer was
refused. 自从蒂芬妮的调职被拒绝后，她对我们的老板一直怀恨在心。
I’m certainly not harboring a secret liking for the man, if that’s what you
are thinking. 如果你这样想的话，我告诉你我并没有暗恋那个男人。
n.[C] a place of shelter for ships 港，港口
Some of the best natural harbors in the world are there. 那里有几个世界
上最好的天然港。
21. reservation
n.1) [C, U] a feeling of doubt about whether sth. is good or right 存疑；保留
I support this measure without reservation. 我全力支持这项措施。
She had some reservation about her new job. 她对新工作心存疑虑。
2) [C] an order of a room, seat, etc. in advance 预订
We made a reservation for dinner at the restaurant. 我们在这家饭店预定
了晚餐。
I plan to leave on August 4, and have made my flight reservation for that
date. 我打算8月4日离开，并已预订那天的机票。
22. prejudice
n.[C] an opinion or dislike of sb. or sth. that is not based on reason 偏见；成见She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见。
Many female college graduates are held back from some job opportunities
by prejudice. 许多女大学毕业生都由于歧视而失去了一些工作机会。23 charm
vt.attract sb. 迷人；使陶醉
He’s a very effective boss; he in some way charms you into doing what he
wants. 他是个非常能干的老板，总有办法能让你去做他所希望的事。
I was charmed by this gentleman when he stood up gracefully and came to
me for a dance. 当这位绅士优雅地站起来并走过来邀我跳舞时，我被他
深深地吸引了。
n.[U] the quality of pleasing or attracting people 魅力；吸引力
She was a woman of great charm and she knew how to use it. 她是个很有
魅力的女人，而且她知道怎样利用这种魅力。
24. charming
a.very pleasing or attractive 迷人的；有魅力的
The old woman lived in a charming house near the beach. 那位老妇人住
在海边一幢漂亮的房子里。
He nodded to me with a charming smile. 他带着迷人的微笑朝我点了点
头。
25. indication
n.[C, U] a sign that shows sth. 迹象
There are indications that the situation may be improving. 有迹象表明，形
势可能会好转。
There is every indication of a change in the weather. 种种迹象都表明天气
会变化。
26. confirm
vt.prove that sth. is true 证实；证明；确定
The announcements confirmed that the election would take place on June
20. 公告证实选举将于6月20日举行。
Everything you have just said confirms the view that nobody can be trusted.
你刚才所说的一切证实了一个观点：谁都不能信任。
v.make a plan, meeting, etc. certain, esp. by telephone or writing 确认I’d like to confirm a reservation for a double room on the first of July. 我预
订了7月1日一间双人房，想确认一下。
27. suspect
vt.think that sth. is probably true 怀疑
Most people don’t, I suspect, realize this. 我怀疑大部分人没有意识到这
一点。
He couldn’t have suspected that she was lying to him. 他根本不会想到她
对他说的都是谎言。
n.[C] sb. who is thought to be guilty of a crime 嫌疑犯
The police have caught two suspects in connection with the bank robbery.
警方逮捕了两名涉嫌银行抢劫案的嫌疑犯。
Last week police finally had a suspect for the murder. 上星期警方终于查
出那起谋杀案的一名嫌疑犯。
28. harsh
a.1) cruel 严厉的；苛刻的
His behavior met harsh criticism from his family. 他的行为遭到了家人的
严厉批评。
That is a very harsh punishment to give to a young child. 那样惩罚一个幼
儿很残忍。
2) unpleasantly loud and rough 刺耳的
The noise is too harsh to the ear. 那种噪声十分刺耳。
I cannot imagine how she became a broadcaster with her harsh voice. 她的
声音那么刺耳，真难想象她是怎么当上播音员的。
29. hesitate
vi.be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑
He hesitated before he spoke, as if he wasn’t sure how his words would be
received. 他在开口前犹豫了一会，好像不确定人们对他的话会有什么
样的反应。
He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断，必受其患。
30. cancel
vt.say that sth. already planned will not happen 取消
The match had to be canceled because of bad weather. 因为天气不好比赛
只好取消。
British Airways is canceling flights to Poland. 英国航空公司取消了飞往
波兰的航班。
31. proceed
vi.go to a further or the next stage; go on 继续进行
Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to make critical
comments about the way I’d done it. 她说她很喜欢我做的这件事，可接
着就批评起我做这件事的方式来。
Let’s proceed to the next question. 现在讨论下一个问题。
32. quote
v.repeat the words that sb. else has said or written 引用；引述
She worked, to quote her daughter, “as if there was no tomorrow”. 用她女
儿的话讲，她工作起来”好像没有明天似的”。
He’s always quoting from the Bible. 他总是引用《圣经》里的话。
n.[C] words taken from a book, play, speech, etc. 引语，引文
She finished her speech with a quote from Shakespeare. 她引用莎士比亚
作品的一句话来结束自己的演说。
33. racist
n.[C] sb. who believes that some races are not as good as others and, therefore, treats them unfairly 种族主义者
Racists like those of the KKK spread their theories of racial superiority. 诸
如三K党之流的种族主义者四处传播他们的种族优越论。
He is a racist who refuses to employ blacks. 他是种族主义者，拒绝雇佣黑
人。
34. realistic
a.based on facts; practical 实际的；现实的
Be realistic, you can’t expect a big wage at 18. 要现实些，你不能指望18
岁就能拿到高薪。
You have to be realistic about how long the job is going to take. 对这项工
作要花多长时间你必须现实一些。
35. devotion
n.[U] great love or loyalty 挚爱；热爱；忠诚
His devotion to work is exemplary. 他对工作的热爱堪作楷模。
The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.
如果花太多时间在体育活动上，那么学习的时间就不多了。
36. idealistic
a.believing in sth. firmly which is unlikely to come true 理想主义的；理想化
的
You mustn’t be too idealistic about what might happen in future. 对将来会
发生什么你一定不能太理想化。
37. resolve
vt.1) solve a problem or difficulty 解决；解除
We need to resolve this difference quickly. 我们需要很快解决这场争端。
The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. 这对
夫妻解决了他们的矛盾，努力和睦相处。
2) make a definite decision to do sth. 决定；决心
The company resolved to take further action against thieves. 公司决定采
取进一步的防盗措施。
She resolved that she would never speak to him again. 她打定主意再也不
同他讲话了。
38. ups and downs:the mixture of good and bad experiences 盛衰；沉浮
He stuck by her through all life’s ups and downs. 他始终不渝地陪伴她历尽了人生的荣辱浮沉。
Like most married couples we’ve had our ups and downs, but life is like that. 像大多数夫妇一样，我们也经历过波折起伏。可生活就是那样的。
39. work out: be successful or end in a certain way 成功；产生结果
Things worked out quiet well. 事情的结局相当不错。
Is your new roommate working out OK? 你的新室友与你合得来吗？
40. for a time: for a short period; temporarily 暂时；一度
You’ll have your own office soon but for a time you’ll have to share one. 不久你会有自己的办公室，不过你暂时还得与别人合用。
For a time, we all thought that Sherry and Frank would get married. 有一段时间，我们都以为雪莉和弗兰克会结婚。
41. meet with: experience sth. by chance 遭遇；遇到
She met with much kindness. 她得到许多好心的帮助。
They’d never met with such poor service before. 他们以前从未遇到过这么糟糕的服务。
42. all along: all the time 始终
I realized I had had it in my pocket all along. 我发现它一直就在我衣袋里。
She was kind to me all along. 她一直对我很好。
43. have nothing to do with: have no connection with 与......无关
In the evening he likes to read books which have nothing to do with his work. 晚上他喜欢看一些与工作无关的书籍。
He’s a thief and a liar; I’d have nothing to do with him, if I were you. 他又偷东西又撒谎，我要是你，我才不跟他来往呢。
44. on the surface: when not observed, thought about, etc. deeply 表面上；外表上
The plan seems on the surface to be quite practical. 表面看来这个计划很切实可行。
On the surface, this seems like a difficult problem, but in fact there’s an easy
solution to it. 表面看来，这问题似乎很难，但实际上答案很简单。
45. at one’s worst: in one’s worst state 最差的时候；最糟糕的时候
I’m at my worst in the morning. 我早晨的时候感觉最不好。
This problem over delayed payment has shown him at his worst. 在拖延付款的问题上显示出他为人最糟糕的一面。
46. learn of: come to know 获悉；听说
I’m sorry to learn of your illness. 得知你生病，我甚为难过。
We were shocked when we learned of his sudden death. 听到他突然去世的消息我们感到非常震惊。
47. take care of: be responsible for; deal with 负责；处理
Her secretary took care of all her appointments. 她的约会都由她的秘书负责安排。
All the travel plans have been taken care of. 所有旅行安排都处理好了。
48. proceed to do sth.: do sth. next; go on to do sth. 接着做某事
After the boy finished with his own story, he proceed to ask me to tell him mine.
那个男孩儿讲完自己的故事后又让我告诉他我的故事。
She had washed the clothes, and then, she proceeded to do the dishes. 她洗碗了衣服，接着又继续洗碗了。
Language Points
1. ... we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. (Para. 1)
Meaning: ... like any other couples who were learning to know, understand, and respect each other, we had had both happy and unhappy times.
2. But through it all we had honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each other’s characters. (Para. 1)
Meaning: But in experiencing all the ups and downs we had honestly faced and tried to deal with the weak points and strong points of each other’s characters. Weaknesses and strengths: weak points and strong points
the weaknesses and strengths of her theory她的理论的不足和长处
It’s important to know your own weaknesses and strengths.了解自己的缺点和优点很重要。
3. Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us
a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. (Para. 2) Meaning: Our racial and cultural differences helped to better our relationship and taught us a great deal about how one recognizes and respects the beliefs or practices
of the other, how to settle differences between us by giving up certain demands, and being honest with each other.
tolerance:
n. 1) The capacity for or the practice of recognizing and respecting the beliefs or practices of others.容忍，宽容
Tolerance between the races of the world is a must.全世界各种族间互谅互
让是必不可少的。
2）The capacity to endure hardship or pain忍耐力
My tolerance of noise is limited.我对噪音的忍耐力是有限的。
[扩展] tolerable a. 可容忍的，可宽恕的：a tolerable pain可以忍受的痛苦；
tolerant a. 忍受的，宽容的：a tolerant father 宽容的父亲；tolerate v. 忍
受，宽恕，容忍
open：a. willing to talk honestly; frank
Let’s be open with each other. 让我们彼此开诚布公吧。
He is a very frank and open person. 他是个很坦诚的人。
4. Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so involved with the racial
issue... (Para. 2)
Meaning: Gail sometimes did not understand why I and other blacks gave so much time, energy and attention to the racial issue...
Here “involved” means taking part in something or giving a lot of time, energy or attention to something.
5. ...she seemed to forget the subtler forms of racial hatred in American society. (Para.
2)
Meaning: ... she seemed to forget the forms of American racial hatred that are not so obvious.
6. Gail and I had no illusions about what the future held for us as a married,
mixed couple in America. (Para. 3)
Meaning: Gail and I did not have unrealistic ideas about what the future would offer us in America as a married couple, one being black and the other being white.
7. ... they overlooked serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. (Para. 4)
Meaning: ... they ignored serious personality conflicts. They hoped that everything would go right automatically when they lived their married life.
8. That point was emphasized by the fact that Gail’s parents, after thirty-five years of marriage, were going through a bitter and painful divorce... (Para. 4)
Meaning: That point was made particularly true when Gail’s parents, after
thirty-five years of marriage, were experiencing a bitter and painful divorce...
go through: experience
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
We went through difficulties while working on this project. 实施这个项目时，我们遇到了许多困难。
9. ... for a time had a negative effect on our budding relationship. (Para. 4)
Meaning: ... for some time her parents’ divorce had a bad effect on our relationship that had just begun to develop.
10. When Gail spread the news of our wedding plans to her family she met with some
resistance. (Para. 5)
Meaning: When Gail told her family of our wedding plans, her family expressed their opposition.
11. Her mother, Deborah, all along had been supportive of our relationship... (Para. 5)
Meaning: Her mother, Deborah, had been supporting our relationship from the beginning...
12. Instead of congratulations upon hearing our news, Deborah counseled Gail to be
really sure she was doing the right thing. (Para. 5)
Meaning: When Deborah heard our plans, she did not express her congratulations, but advised Gail to be really sure that she did want to marry me.
13.Gail subsequently told me she had asked her mother. (Para. 6)
Notice that this word is not to be confused with“consequently”,which means “as
a result, therefore”.
Compare: The old school was sold and subsequently turned into a hospital. 这所旧学校被出售后改建成了医院。The bank refused to help the company;
consequently, it went out of business.银行拒绝帮助这家公司，结果公司倒闭。
14. To start with I must admit that at first I harbored reservations about a mixed
marriage, prejudices you might even call them. (Para. 7)
Meaning: First I must admit that I had doubts whether a marriage between people of different races would work out well; you may even call my doubts prejudices.
Notice that in the sentence “prejudices you might even call them” is apposition of “reservations about a mixed marriage”. The two actually refer to the same thing.
Examples: This is Mr. Black, director of our hospital.这是布莱克先生，我们医院的院长。George Bush, the present (former) American President, was once
governor of the state of Texas. 美国现(前)任总统乔治·布什曾是得克萨斯州州长。
15. Yes, my friends talk. (Para. 7)
Here “talk”means “talk about other people’s private lives”. It is usually used to indicate that people think you are doing something bad or wrong.
Example: Don’t park your car outside my house; you know how people talk! 别把你的车停在我的房子外边，你想想人家会怎么说！
16... that ours was an ideal marriage with every indication that it would last forever.
(Para. 7)
Meaning: ... that our marriage was perfect and that it showed all the signs of a marriage that would last forever.
In this sentence “every” has a very commonly used meaning: “as much as
possible” or “total, entire”.
Examples: There is every chance that she will succeed.她完全有机会取得成功。
There is every reason to believe that he is telling the truth. 有充分理由相信他说的是真话。The airline takes every possible measure to ensure the safety of its passengers. 航空公司采取一切措施保障旅客安全。
17. Gail’s fathe r... approached our decision with a father-knows-best attitude.
(Para.10)
Meaning: Gail’s father... dealt with our decision in a way that seemed he, as the girl’s father, was the most experienced in finding out the truth.
18. Why the haste? (Para. 10)
Meaning: Why do you want to get married in such a hurry?
This is an elliptical question(省略式问句). Another example in this reading
passage is:
Then why the rush? (Para. 12)
In why-questions we often have ellipsis(省略). More examples:
Why bother waiting any longer? (= Why should we bother waiting any longer?)为什么我们还得费功夫等下去呢？
Why not? 为什么不呢？
Why not make one for yourself instead of buying one? (= Why don’t you make one for yourself instead of buying one?) 为什么不自己做一个而要去买呢？19. ...
that’s harsh... (Para. 11)
Meaning: ... it is unkind of you to think so...
20. If we had to resolve all doubt before we acted, very little would ever get done.
(Para. 20)
Meaning: If we take action only after we are sure that everything is fine, then we can achieve almost nothing.
New Words and Expressions
1. brilliant
a.1) very good; very clever or skilled 出色的;聪颖的。
She has a brilliant mind. 她头脑敏捷。
It was in many ways a brilliant plan. 这个设计的许多方面都很出色。
2）full of light ; shining, or bright in color 明亮的；光亮的
Brilliant sunshine 灿烂的阳光
Brilliant diamond 耀眼的钻石
He flashed me a brilliant smile. 他向我露出了灿烂的笑容。
[引申] brilliance n.明亮，才华横溢
（同）intelligent, outstanding, bright
2. arrange
v.1）plan a details of a future event 准备;安排
Arrange contacts between two parties 安排两党间的接触
Arrange a conference 筹备一次会议
2）Put a group of people or things in a particular position or order 排列; 布
置
She arranged the books on the shelf. 她把书架上的书整理好。
The books are arranged on the shelves in alphabetic order. 书架上的书是按
字母顺序排列的。
[考点] arrange sth. for 为……安排arrange with sb. about sth./to do sth.约定；
商定
[引申] arrangement n. 安排，整理，布置
1.cube
vt.Cut food into cube-shaped pieces
Cube the vegetables 把蔬菜切成小方块。
Cube the meat 把肉切成方块切成丁儿。
n.[c] a solid object with six square sides 立方体
cube the meat into small cubes. 把肉切成小方块。
The ice cubes in the bottom of her glass made a ringing sound as she drank.
她喝酒时，杯子底部的冰块叮当作响。
5. slice
v.cut sth. into thin wide flat pieces 把... ...切成薄片
Could you slice me a very thin piece of cake? 你能为我切一片很薄的蛋糕
吗？
He sliced the top off his finger while he was cutting vegetables.当他切蔬菜
时不小心削了手指尖。
n.[C] a flat, often thin, piece of food that has been cut from a large piece 片
a slice of bread 一片面包
Would you like another slice of beef? 你还要来一片牛肉吗？
6. ingredient
n. 1. [C] any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish （构成某种食品的各种）成分，配料
The list of ingredients included 500g of sugar and 200ml of cream. 配料单
上列出的成份包括500克糖和200毫升的奶油。
Mix all the ingredients in a bowl. 把所有配料在碗里搅拌好。
2. [C] any of the qualities of which sth. is made （形成某事物的）因素
the ingredients of sb.'s character 构成某人性格的种种要素
Trust is a key ingredient in a successful marriage. 信任是成功婚姻的关键
要素。
7. concerning
prep. about (sb. / sth.) 关于
a letter concerning your complaints 一封与你的投诉有关的信
If you have any information concerning the recent event at the station, please
contact the police. 要是你了解任何有关最近车站所发生事情的情况，请
与警方联系。
8. anticipate
vt.Think that sth. will happen and be ready for it 预料，预计
We anticipate that demands are likely to increase. 我们预料需求可能增加。
You are always anticipating trouble. 你总是事情还没发生就往坏处想。
[考点] anticipate后面接名词或动名词作宾语，不接不定式
[引申] anticipation n. 预料；期待(同) expect foresee predict
9. compact
a. 1) (of person or an animal) small, strong, and well-built 结实的
a compact body 结实的身体
2) closely and neatly packed together 紧凑的，小巧的
compact disc (CD) 激光唱片
What a compact office! How did you fit so much into so little space? 多小巧
的办公室啊！你们是如何把这么多的东西放进这么小的房间的？
10. compel
vt.Make sb. do sth.; force 强迫，迫使
I was compelled to acknowledge the force of his argument.我不得不承认他
的论据有力。
His health compelled him to retire from the sea.他的健康状况迫使他不再
出海。
[考点] compel sb. to do 强迫某人作某事
11. behalf
n. [U] interest; side 利益，方面
on someone's behalf 代表, 为……的利益
On behalf of my husband and myself I thank you. 我代表我的丈夫和我本
人向您表示感谢。
Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯没出席，所以
我将代表他领奖。
12. cue
n. [c] a signal for sb. to do sth. 暗示；信号
The fall interest rates may be a cue for an increase in consumer spending.利
率下调可能意味着消费的升温。
When he turns around, it’s a cue for her to come out of the door. 当他转身
时，那便是在暗示她该从门里走出来。
13. proclaim
vt.Say publicly that sth. is true or exists 宣布；声称
A war was proclaimed against its neighbor.对邻国宣战了。
He proclaimed his intention of attending the business meeting, despite their
being against it. 他不顾他们的反对，宣布有意出席商务会议.
14. diplomatic
a. 1) skillful in dealing with people 有交际手段的；圆滑的
A diplomatic answer 巧妙地答复
Ask him nicely; be diplomatic. 好好问他，要注意辞令。
They have to be more diplomatic in public speeches. 他们在公开讲话时必
须更加谨慎。
2）relating to the work of diplomats 外交的
The two leaders have been involved in lengthy diplomatic discussions. 两位
领导人陷入了旷日持久的外交谈判中。
Britain threatened to break off diplomatic relations. 英国威胁说要断绝外交
关系。
15. modest
a. 1) (of a person) not liking to talk about their abilities, achievements, success,
etc.谦虚的，虚心的
He remains one of the most sincere and modest men I know.他是我认识的
人中最诚恳，最谦虚的人之一。
He was a modest and inspiring person.他是个既谦虚又能激发灵感的人。
2) not large in amount, size, etc.适中的，适度的
The fresh fruits are modest in price. 这些新鲜水果价格不贵。
At just $9, the radio is modestly priced. 9美元，这收音机定价适中。
16. come up with: find or produce (an answer, a solution, etc.) 找到，想出(答案、
解决方法)
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了一个增加销售量的新主意。
I hope you can come up with a better plan than that. 我希望你能想出一个比这
个更好的方案来。
17. win over: gain (sb.'s) support or favor 争得(别人的) 支持或恩惠
She's against the idea, but I'm sure I can win her over. 她是反对这个主意的，但是我确信我能把她争取过来。
They've won over a lot of villagers since she's been leader of the party. 自从她成为这个党的领导者之后，他们已经赢得了众多村民的支持。
18. from head to toe: over the whole length of one's body 从头到脚，浑身上下
The children were covered in mud from head to toe. 孩子们浑身上下都是泥。
The policeman observed me from head to toe as though I were a thief. 这个警察上上下下打量了我一番，好像我是个小偷似的。
19. on the short/fat/thin, etc. side: slightly short/fat/thin,etc.有点矮，胖，瘦等
I like the house but I think the price is a bit on the high side. 我喜欢那房子，但
觉得价格有点高。
The shoes are on the large side.那双鞋大了一点。
20. put (sb.) to bed: make sb. go to bed 安置某人睡觉
She wanted to know what time was the best for putting children to bed.她想知道什么时间让孩子们上床睡觉最合适。
She put her sick child to bed and prayed that he would be ok.她把生病的孩子安置上床，祈祷他快好起来。
21.hit it off: have a friendly relationship with each other 相处得很好
Do you hit it off with your husband's mother? 你和你丈夫的母亲合得来吗？
I didn't really hit it off with his friends. 我和他的朋友并不很合得来。
第四单元
Ⅴ.Detailed study of the text:
Words & Phrases Study
1. digital adj.giving information in the form of numbers 数字的，数字显示的digital clock/watch电子钟(表)，数字时钟; digital data数字数据
Compared to the original analog TV, digital TV has high-definition television screen and can be comparable with the DVD.
与原来的模拟电视相比，数字电视有高清晰的电视画面，可与DVD相媲美。2. eyesight n.[U] the ability to see视力
have good/bad/poor eyesight 视力好／差／弱
You need have your eyesight tested. 你需要测视力。
They focused their burning eyesight on each other, with their hearts full of passion.
他们彼此用炽热的目光注视着，心中充满了激情。
3.volunteer
v. offer to do sth. without being paid自愿(做某事)
(1) volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
They volunteered to repair the house for the old lady.
他们主动提出替老太太修缮房子。
During the emergency, many staff volunteered to work through the weekend.
在紧急时刻很多员工自愿周末上班。
(2) volunteer sth. 自愿提供（消息，解释等）
He volunteered some information. 他自愿提供一些消息。
My friend volunteered an interesting piece of news.
我的朋友自愿说了一条有趣的消息。
(3) volunteer for sth. 自愿效劳
He volunteered for the hard and unprofitable job.他自愿做这苦差使。
When the war broke out, he volunteered for the Navy.
战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军。
n. someone who offers to do sth, without being paid 志愿者
The volunteers for community service are doing a good job.
社区服务志愿者做得很出色。
One of the volunteers died in the fight against the flood.
在抗洪斗争中有一个志愿者牺牲了。
[扩展] voluntary adj. doing or ready to do things willingly, without being compelled
自愿的，
He made a voluntary statement to the police.他自动向警方陈述。
She does voluntary work for the Red Cross two days a week.
她每个星期为红十字会自愿工作两天。
They chose to take voluntary redundancy.他们选择自愿裁员。
It is a charitable organization, depending on its income upon voluntary contributions from the public.这是一个慈善性的机构，其收入依靠公众的自愿捐款。
4. identical adj.exactly the same 完全一样的，完全相同的
be identical with/to 和…..相同; 完全相同的
Your fingerprint can't be identical to mine. 你的指纹和我的不可能相同。
This is the identical book I returned to the library last week.
这是我上星期还给图书馆的那本书。
Our views of what should be done are identical.
我们对于应该采取的行动持相同的观点。
The two words are identical in meaning. 这两个字的字义完全一样。
identical twins 同卵双胞胎
[扩展] identity n.1）who the person is, or the qualities of a person or group which
make them different from others 身份，本身The man’s identity was being kept secret while he was helping the police with information about the murder.
当这人为警方提供谋杀案的线索时，他的身份是被保密的。
2）absolute sameness; exact likeness绝对相同；完全相同
identify v. 1) to recognize or be able to name ,or to prove who a person is
认出，识别
Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice.
甚至是最小的婴儿也能根据嗓音识别出自己的母亲。
2) treat sth. as identical, equate one thing with another. 使等同于
Never identify opinions with facts.决不能把意见和事实等同起来。
5. appreciate v. recognize or understand that something is valuable, important or as described赞赏，赏识，领会
We really appreciate all the help you gave us last weekend.
我们很感激你在上周末给予我们的帮助。
I am afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter.
恐怕你还没有意识到这件事的紧迫性。
[扩展] appreciation n. 1）[U]proper understanding and recognition感激
in appreciation of sth.因…而感激
We are in sincere appreciation of your help.
我们对于你宝贵的帮助由衷感激。
2）[U,C](statement giving)judgment, valuation鉴别；评
价；欣赏
She showed little or no appreciation of good music.
她对好音乐毫无欣赏能力。
appreciative adj. feeling or showing appreciation欣赏的；赏识的；感激的
We are appreciative of your friendly advice.
我们感谢你的友好忠告。
6. departure n.
(1) an act of leaving a place 离开，出发
There are notices showing arrivals and departures of trains near the booking-office.
在售票处附近贴有公告说明火车到站及开出的时间。
The departure time has been changed to 3:30 P.M. 出发的时间改为下午三点半。Online learning has marked a new departure in education; now the students have more resources to turn to.
网上学习标志着教育方面一个新的起点；当今学生可以获得更多的信息。departure for 去往…
before/ prior to departure 离开之前
He made a hasty departure for Shanghai. 他匆匆出发去上海。
All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.
在你离开前把一切都安排好。
(2) turning away or aside; changing背驰，改变
departure from:违反，背离
a departure from old custom 不照旧俗行事
There can be no departure from the rules. 不能允许违反原则
To allow these changes would be a significant departure from tradition.
允许这些变化意味着背离传统．
[扩展] depart v. 1）to go away; leave 启程；离开
Before you depart, let me give you a word of advice.
在你出发之前，让我给你一句忠告。
2) die 亡故；逝世
The old man departed from life peacefully.
老人安详地离开了人世。
7. destination n. a place to which sb. is going or sth. is being sent 目的地；终点
We arrived at our destination tired and hungry.
我们到达目的地时又累又饿。
I reached my destination around half-past two.
我在两点半左右到达目的地。
8. overseas
adv. in or to a country across the sea; abroad 在海外；在国外
He spent quite a lot of time working overseas.他在海外工作了很长时间。
If you are living overseas, you may not have to pay tax in your own country.
如果你生活在海外，你可以不必在你自己的国家付税。
adj. coming from or happening abroad 海外的，外国的
We have done a lot to build up overseas markets for our textiles.
我们为纺织品开拓海外市场做了很多工作。
There are more and more overseas students in China in recent years.
近年来，在中国学习的海外留学生越来越多。
9. aboard prep. & ad. in or on ship, train, plane ,etc. 在船(车，飞机等)上；上船(车，飞机等)；
The train is about to leave. All aboard! 火车马上就要开动了，全体上车。
We spend two months aboard.我们在船上度过了两个月。
[辨析] abroad adv. 1) in or to a foreign country 在国外；出国
The choir performs regularly both at home and abroad.
这个合唱团经常在国内外演出。
2）far and wide; everywhere 遍布；广布；到处
The news spread abroad that a new factory was going to be built in
the county.将在该县兴建一家新工厂的消息传开了。
10. cargo n. goods carried by a ship, plane, or vehicle (船，飞机或车辆运送的)货物
a cargo ship/plane货轮／运输机
The ship can carry a cargo of 1,000 tons.这船能载一千吨货物。
The ship is carrying a cargo of wool from England to France.
这艘船正将羊毛货品从英国运往法国。
11.territory n. [U,C] an area of land controlled by a particular country, city, army, etc. 领地；领土
The UN is sending aid to the occupied territories. 联合国向被占领地区提供援助。My sister's bedroom is forbidden territory to the rest of us.
姐姐的卧室对我们其他人来说是禁地。
Every one had assumed that it was uninhabited territory.
所有人原先都认为这是一个无人居住的地区。
[扩展] territorial adj. of land, esp. land forming a division of a country 领土的；土
地的
territorial possessions 领地territorial waters 领海
After the war, Japan had territorial claims against Qing Government. 战后日本对清政府提出领土要求。
12. deck n. a downstairs or upstairs area in a ship, bus or other vehicle（船的）甲板；（巴士等的）层面
The waves washed over the ship's deck in the stormy sea.
在狂风暴雨的海上，海浪冲刷着船上的甲板。
They got on the bus and sat on the top deck.他们登上巴士，坐在顶层座位上。13. decrease
n. /' di: kri:s / the process of becoming less 减少；降低
There has been a steady decrease in the number of visitors.
参观人数保持下降的趋势。
There has been a 6% decrease in his income. 他的收入减少了6％。
v. /di: ' kri:s / become less or reduce sth, (使)减少；(使)降低
There is no sign that house price will decrease. 房价没有下降的趋势。
These measures will help decrease the cost of production.
这些措施有助于降低生产成本。
The population growth in that city is decreasing by 1.5% each year.
那个城市的人口增长率每年下降1.5％。
[扩展] increase
v. /in: ' kri:s/make greater in size, number, degree , etc. 增加，增大，增多
The population has increased by 200,000 to 50,000,000.
人口已增加了二十万，达到五千万的总数。
n. /' in: kri:s / growth 增加
There was a steady increase in population. 人口一直在增加。
on the decrease在减少
decrease in…/ from…to…在…方面减少/ 从…减少到…
People’s interest in traditional art is on the decrease.
人们对传统艺术的兴趣在减少。
There was a decrease in the bank rate from 4% to 2.5% last year.
去年的银行利率从4% 降低到2.5%。
14. nourish vt. give a person or other living things the food they need to live, grow,
and stay healthy 滋养；给…营养
This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin. 这种奶油有助于滋养你的肌肤。University study nourished his ability to think logically.
大学学习培养了他的逻辑思维能力。
Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.
孩子们需要最好的，新鲜的食物来滋养他们。
[扩展] nurture vt.to take care of, feed and protect养育；培养
She wants to stay at home and nurture her children, not go out to work.
她想呆在家里抚养孩子而不出去工作。
I visited their carefully nurtured gardens of bananas and mangoes
我参观了他们精心培养的香蕉园和芒果园。
15. decline / di' klain/
vt. refuse a request or offer, usu. politely 拒绝，谢绝
He declined to discuss his plans with this journalist.
他谢绝与这位新闻记者讨论他的计划。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.她说
她身体不舒服,婉拒了与她的朋友共进午餐。
vi. decrease in amount, quality, or importance 减少，降低，下降
declining sales 销售不景气
He spent his declining years in the country. 他在乡下度过了他的晚年。
The number of staff has declined from 5000 to 3000. 职工人数从5000人降到了3000人。
n. a reduction in the amount or quality of sth. 减少，下降
a decline in prices 物价的跌落
The birthrate is on the decline. 出生率在下降。
There has been a sharp decline in profits this year. 今年的利润大幅度下降。
16. objection n. a statement that shows on e’s disapproval of sth. 反对，异议objection to sth.反对某物
The manager takes objection to laying off half of the employees.
经理反对解雇一半的雇员。
He has a strong objection to sitting up late. 他强烈反对熬夜。
Nobody raised any objection to his leaving at once. 他马上离开没有人反对。
[扩展] object v.make a protest against 不赞成；反对
object to sth./doing sth. 反对（做）某事
He stood up and objected in strong language.他站起来以强硬的言词抗议。
I objected to being treated like a child.我反对被当作小孩看待。
17. forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) to order that sth. must not be done 禁止
The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16.
法律禁止将香烟出售给16岁以下的青少年。
Driving has been forbidden in the town center. 市中心禁止开车。
forbid someone to do something: 禁止某人做某事
The old lady forbade her daughter to marry that poor young man.
老妇人不允许女儿和那个穷小子结婚。
You are forbidden to smoke in the room. 室内不准吸烟。
forbid someone from doing something.严禁某人做某事
Women are strictly forbidden from entering that area. 妇女严禁进入那个区域。The new rules forbid American companies from giving those countries technology and expertise.
新法规将禁止美国公司向那些国家提供技术和专业知识。
[扩展] 同义词ban/ prohibit…from…
forbid为一般用词，常指直接或私下吩咐下令不许他人进行某种活动，并希望他人遵守；prohibit为正式用词，指通过法律、法令禁止某些事情发生；ban语气最重，指权威机关命令取消严重危害公众利益的事或行为，暗含道义上的谴责或不赞成。
Smoking is prohibited in the office building. 办公楼内禁止抽烟。
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