河海大学研究生英语第五版教师教案考试重点Unit 20 Culture Shock

Have you or your friends ever stayed or lived in another culture and how do you or they manage to cope with life and work in the new environment? What is culture shock?

When does culture shock occur?

What are the signs of culture shock in the situation of daily life? What are the symptoms of culture shock? What are the stages of culture shock?

Which is the fundamental way to prevent or relieve the culture shock?

Introduction to culture shock

an occupational disease of people who have suddenly moved to other countries. It refers to the confusion and disorientation caused by contact with a new type of culture while losing all the familiar signs of culture.

Introduction to distinct stages in the adjustment process of foreign visitors. 4 stages —— honeymoon stage： An early harmonious period. Initially many people are fascinated and excited by everything new. The visitor is elated to be in a new culture.

——hostility and anxiety A condition of confusion and anxiety affecting a person suddenly exposed to an alien culture or environment. The individual is

immersed in new problems: housing, transportation, shopping, and language. Mental fatigue results from continuously straining to comprehend the foreign language.

——Initial adjustment. Everyday activities such as housing and shopping are no longer major problems. Although the visitor may not yet be fluent in the language spoken, basic ideas and feelings in the second language can be expressed.

Mental isolation. Individuals have been away from their family and good friends for a long period of time and may feel lonely. Many still feel they cannot express themselves as well as they can in their native language. Frustration and sometimes a loss of self-confidence result. Some individuals remain at this stage.

——Acceptance and integration. A routine (eg. work, business, school) has been established. The visitor has accepted the habits, customs, foods, and characteristics of the people in the new culture. He feels comfortable with friends, associates and the language of the country.

Introduction to the Re-entry process

A similar process——acceptance and integration——Return anxiety——Return honeymoon——Re-entry shock——Re-integration

In-class reading

P1-2 Introduction to culture shock

What is culture shock? Who could experience culture shock? When does it occur? What are the signs of culture shock mentioned by the author? What could we benefit from those sings and cues?

P1 an occupational disease= disease connected with a particular job Eg. Skin disorders are common ~ s among factory workers.

....... professional=connected with the skill or qualities eg. A ~ footballer/ golfer, tennis player, cooker ....... occupational= job, employment Illness = disease of body or mind, poor health

Disease = a condition or tendency, as of society, regarded as abnormal and harmful

Ailment = a physical or mental disorder, esp. a mild illness

transplant sth from A (in)to B = remove/take sth from A and put it in B eg. On either side of the grave, I ~ed a pine sapling to keep it company. So many farmers were ~ to the west (=relocate).

transplant (n) transplantation (n) eg. A bone-marrow transplant; a heart transplant operation

P2 precipitate sth = cause sth to happen suddenly or sooner than normal eg. One small error ~ed the disaster. That event ~s his ruin. ~ a country into a crisis (=plunge) ~ oneself into (danger) ~ the extinction of sth.

a thousand and one = many =a hundred/million and one eg. There are ~ ways in which you can raise money.

Orient (orientate) ... to =make familiar with or adapted to eg, Anxiety comes from not being able to ~ yourself to the new mode of life. The first days of school are meant to ~ the freshmen to campus life. To ~ oneself in the group of people one is to work with. =locate or place sth eg. The explorer climbed a tree in order to ~ himself. To ~ fashions to ward youthful buyers Most teachers are academically ~ed. Orientation

cue = hint or suggestion; signal that guides behavior or principle of right and wrong

clue = Something that serves to guide or direct in the solution of a problem or mystery. norm= standard of proper behavior /principle of right and wrong

depend / dependent (up)on sth/sb eg. Good health is largely ~ on the proper nourishment. Everything is inter-related and inter-dependent.

independent of eg. The people in the mountains want to be ~ of the

central government. The seasons changes, ~ of anyone’s wishes.

independence from eg. This money gives me ~ from my family. The American colonies won their ~ from England. On the level =>at a high, lower, advanced, the same level

P3-4 symptoms of culture shock

P3 a fish out of water = person who feels uncomfortable or awkward because he is in unfamiliar surroundings eg. With my working-class background I feel like a ~ among these high-society people. Not knowing anything about music, I felt like a ~ among so many musical experts.

Broad-minded = willing to listen to opinions different from one’s own, not easily shocked; tolerant eg. A fellow ought to be ~ and liberal about things.

Goodwill = friendly, cooperative or helpful feeling eg. Given goodwill on both sides, I’m sure we can reach agreement. The exchange of goodwill missions greatly contributes to a better understanding between the two countries.

Prop (n)= support eg. She uses a clothes ~ to prevent the washing on her clothes line from touching the ground. Beams are used as ~s to keep the wall from collapsing.

He is the ~ of his parents in their old age. Her

daughter was the only prop to the old lady during her illness.

(v) ~ up eg. The gardener ~ped up the apple tree with a stout plank. The Minister said that it was not the duty of any government to ~ up a failing company, no matter how prestigious its name. To prop a door open with a chair; to prop the stage scenery with several braces grouse about =complain about

regression =tending to return; backward movement, reversion (regress v)

bring sb back to life/health/reality eg. Her stay among mountains brought her back to health.

P4 be of Chinese nationality What ~ is this man? =What’s your ~? green card = an official document issued by the U.S. government to aliens, allowing them to work legally in the United States.

Fit =A sudden outburst of emotion eg. a fit of jealousy Eruption =sudden appearance of spots on the skin

Longing (n) to do sth/ for sth= A strong persistent yearning or desire, especially one that cannot be fulfilled. Eg. That had helped to awaken in him a longing for fame/ knowledge /home. I had a sudden longing to smoke. Long (v)for sth/ to do sth

P5 The first stage

P5 go through = to suffer or experience eg. She’s ~ing through a long

crisis ---finding herself. She seemed to have forgotten all that she had gone through. = to sort things into groups or search for sth eg. She went through the cupboards in the spring cleaning. All the drawers had been gone through, but the missing watch was nowhere to be found. = review, to repeat from beginning to end eg. We went through the scene 3 times during rehearsal. = to be approved eg. Her application went through and she was hired.

Go on to =to do sth after one has finished to do sth else eg. After presenting the theory, the teacher went on to give the students some concrete examples. Go on with = to continue to do sth eg. He went on talking as though nothing had happened.

discern = see, notice, understand esp with difficulty eg. The beginning of all war may be ~ed not only by the first act of hostility, but by the counsels and preparations foregoing. It’s often difficult to ~ the truth of what we are told. I could barely ~ him in the fog. national =citizen of a particular nation gracious = kind, polite

pamper and pet = To treat with excessive indulgence or to indulge with rich food and care for the comfort glowingly = enthusiastically praising

P6-7 The second stage

P6 mentality = characteristic attitude of mind

Hostile = Feeling or showing enmity or ill will; antagonistic eg. The speaker was shouted down by the ~ crowd. It’s most difficult to remember that the increase of every creature is constantly being checked by unperceived ~ agencies. hostility (n)

Aggressive = Inclined to behave in a hostile fashion, offensive, quarrelsome = Assertive, bold, and enterprising eg. An ~ war; an ~ manager

Be indifferent to = Having no particular interest in or concern for

Appraisal = valuation make [give] an objective appraisal of sth eg. Your ~ of the stock is too high. The book is mainly about the critics’ ~ of modern architecture. Appraise (v), appraiser (n)

Account for = to give a reason for; = to give an explanation of money spent; =to consist of

P7 take refuge in sth= find shelter in eg. Sb finds refuge from the storm; sth be refuges to the flood victims;

Colony = A group of emigrants or their descendants who settle in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associated with the parent country. 侨民定居在异乡的一组侨民或他们的后代，仍从属于其祖国或同其祖国有密切关系 eg. the Chinese colony in New York =.A group of people with the same

interests or ethnic origin concentrated in a particular area

Fountainhead =origin; source, an originator eg. Intellectual ~ Knowledge is the source of strength. When drinking water think of its source ---never forget where one’s happiness comes from.

Charge (vt) = to fill with eg. He declined to ~ his memory with so many details. The air was ~d with vapor. The atmosphere was tense and ~d with fear. Her reply was ~d with emotion. Emotionally Charged = filled with strong feelings

Label = descriptive word or phrase applied to a person, a group etc. eg. He has been given the ~ of “Playboy” by his friends. The city deserves its ~ as the garden of the world.

Stereotype = a fixed pattern which is behaved to represent a type of person or event eg. The belief that the husband should “rule the roost” is an old-fashioned ~. She believes that she is not a good mother because she does not fit the ~ of a woman who spends all her time with her children.

Shorthand =a short and simple way of expressing or referring to sth eg. Poetry for him is simply a ~ for literature that has aesthetic value.

Caricature = make or give an exaggerated or distorted image that makes fun of the thing being presented indolent= lazy

mild =gentle, not offensive or harsh eg. There was sth very pleasing in his ~ blue eyes. Nothing is so ~ and gentle as courage; nothing so cruel and pitiless as cowardice.

in a sense = in one way of speaking, partly eg. What you said is true ~. My curiosity, ~, was stronger than my fear.

crisis = decisive moment, the turning point eg. As soon as he reaches the ~ we’ll know if he’s going to live or die. Sth told him that this was a ~ in their life.

come out of it = come through

nervous breakdown = A severe or incapacitating emotional disorder, especially when occurring suddenly and marked by depression.

P8 The third stage

P8 get around =get about =travel from one to another =dodge, avoid eg. ~ difficulties/ problem/the tax laws/ sb. Open the way to sth

Opportunity to advance eg. ~ peace

exert oneself =make an effort eg. She ~ed ~all year to earn good marks. If you ~ you can win this race.

exert sth on sb/ sth=bring (quality, skill, pressure, etc) into use; apply sth eg. ~ all one’s strength/ a lot of pressure /power/ one’s influence crack (cut, make ) jokes= tell jokes

P9 The fourth stage

P9 on leave = being absent with permission eg. I am ~. Convalescing-leave. He informed him that he was on sick leave from a government office.

for good (and all)= for ever, for the last time or completely and permanently eg. I have given up smoking for good (and all). When he graduated from school, he decided that he was done with study ~. .

Questions and topics after reading What is culture shock?

When does culture shock occur?

What are the signs of culture shock in the situation of daily life? What are the symptoms of culture shock? What are the stages of culture shock?

Which is the fundamental way to prevent or relieve the culture shock?

Words and expressions

发挥 发挥骨干作用 ……学生积极性 ……想象力 ……投资效益 …… 优势 充分……潜力 ……得不理想 ……主题思想

play a key role

bring the initiative of the students into full play

give free rein to one's imagination make full use of the investment exploit one's advantages to the full maximize the potential= tap the potential to the full not do well; not in good form develop a theme

加快 ……精神文明建设的步伐 ……建设的速度 ……新技术的推广和应用 ……信息传递

step up the building of spiritual civilization quicken the tempo of construction

accelerate the spread and application of the new technology speed up information transmission

提高 ……价格 ……经济效益 ……劳动者的素

质 ……投资效益 ……业务水平 提高认识 生活水平的提高 声望提高

raise/ mark up prices

improve economic performance= increase economic efficiency better the quality of the work force improve investment returns

raise the professional/technical level= increase professional/ technical awareness

deepen one's understanding improve/raise the standard of living prestige... grow

Translation

There is no value, however, in collecting figures which mean nothing. Figures are guides which should help us make decisions. The interpretation of information and tables should tell us where success or failure lies, where profit can be had and where losses occur. On this kind of information and from the known figures, a choice is made and a series of such choices may make a policy.

Translation: 实现一个目标，就是要保持经济持续较快地增长，同时，不断改善人民的生活水平。做到这一点，就要保持的稳定性和持续性，坚持扩大内需的方针，实施积极的财政。

To attain one goal is to maintain a continued sustainable and comparatively rapid development of the national economy and improve people’s living standards. To this end, it is vital for the government to maintain continuity and stability of policies and stick to the policy of working up custom on the domestic market and implement the proactive fiscal/financial policy.

Writing: Tourism Wave

Directions: The week-long May’s Holiday approaches. It’s estimated that about 46 million domestic tourists will travel within the country during the holiday. What leads to this tourism wave?

The first ever week-long holiday enabled holiday tourism, a newly rising industry, to spring up overnight. As a result, it’s estimated that around 46 million domestic tourists travelled within the country during the holiday. However, the long May’s holiday left people with many things to think about in addition to the over-crowdedness in the scenic spots and traffic jams. Why do so many frugal Chinese now suddenly become holiday makers? What led to the tourism wave? I think there are many reasons for it.

Ostensibly, the tourism wave is a direct result of the lengthy holiday and ideal weather. Besides, the other reasons seem simple enough. With basic needs satisfied, people begin to look for

higher-level consumption so as to improve their quality in life. Hence travelling

becomes their first choice, even a must in life.

In reality, I think the underlying reason was the deep, ongoing reform and opening-up program. With the macro-economic situations taking a favorable return, people’s disposal income has risen to a high consumption level. As a result, the swelling pockets have enabled more and more people to go sightseeing. In addition, the travel frenzy also reflects the change in customers’ psychology and form of consumption. Finally, it also reveals their desire to improve their quality in life.

1, Here are many/a variety of reasons/causes for it. First,. Second,. Finally,. 2, What has possibly contributed to this problem? In the first place, . In the second place,.

3, It is no easy/simple job/task/matter to identify/offer the reasons for … which involves several complicated factors. For some… For others. 4, One may trace/attribute/owe this problem to…

5,A number/multitude of factors (both physical & psychological/ inherited & environmental/individual & social/ academic & professional) could account for/lead to/contribute to/result in/be conducive to

6, Some people may think that … is to blame for this problem, but its causes go still/far deeper.