Input and Output

INPUT

（输入）

Input is any data or instructions used by a com-puter. Input devices translate words, images, and actions into a form a computer can process.

译文：输入是用于计算机的任何数据或指令。输入设备翻译单词、图像和动作到计算机能处理的形式。

Keyboards（键盘）

Keyboards are the most common way to input data. The most common types are 译文：键盘是最常见的输入数据的方法。最常见的键盘类型有  Traditional------full-sized, rigid, rectangular. 译文：传统的——完整规模、坚硬的、矩形的  Flexible------roll up for easy packing.

译文：灵活的——卷起，便于打包。

 Ergonomic------designed to minimize wrist strain. 译文：人体工学的——设计于减少手腕压力。  Wireless------no wire provides greater flexibility. 译文：无线的——没有导线提供了更大灵活性。  PDA------miniature keyboards for PDAs.

译文：个人数字助理——迷你键盘的掌上电脑。

Features include numeric keypads, toggle keys, and combination keys.

译文：性能包括数字小键盘、切换键和组合键。

Pointing Devices（指点设备）

Pointing devices accept pointing gestures and convert them to machine-readable input. 译文：指点设备接受指点手势和将其转换成机器可读的输入。

 Mouse controls a mouse pointer. A wheel button rotates to scroll through information.

Three basic mouse designs are mechanical, optical, and cordless (wireless). Similar de-vices include trackball (roller ball), touch pad, and pointing stick. 译文：鼠标控制鼠标指针。一个滚轮按钮旋转滚动信息。

 Joysticks are popular for computer games. Operations are controlled by varying pres-sure,

speed, and direction. 译文：摇杆是流行的电脑游戏。操作是通过改变压力、速度和方向控制。

 Touch screens have a clear plastic layer over crisscrossed invisible beams. Operations are

controlled by finger touching the screen.

译文：触摸屏有一个透明塑胶层，纵横交错看不见的光束。操作是通过手指触摸屏幕控制。  Light pens are light-sensitive penlike devices. Operations are controlled by placing light pen

against monitor.

译文：光笔是光敏的钢笔形状的设备。操作是通过将光笔对着监视器进行控制。

 Stylus is a penlike device used with tablet PCs and PDAs. Handwriting recognition software

translates handwritten notes.

译文：手写笔是一种平板电脑和掌上电脑使用的钢笔形状的设备。手写识别软件翻译手写的笔记。

Scanners（扫描仪）

Scanners move across text and graphics. Scan-ning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that can be processed by the system unit. 译文：扫描仪跨越文本和图形。扫描设备将扫描的文本和图像转换成一种主机可以处理的形式。

 Optical scanners record light, dark, and col-ored areas of scanned text or images. There are

two types: flatbed and portable. 译文：光学扫描仪记录光,暗,彩色扫描文本或图像的区域。有两种类型：平板的和便于携式的。

Card readers interpret encoded information. Two types: magnetic (reads magnetic strip) and radio frequency (reads RFID micro-chip) card readers.

译文：读卡器解释编码信息。两种类型：有磁性的（读磁条）和无线电频率（读取无线射频识别芯片）读卡器。

 Bar code readers are used with electronic cash registers in supermarkets. Wand readers or

platform scanners read UPC codes that are used to determine product descriptions and prices and to update inventory levels.

译文：在超市，条形码扫描器与电子收款机一起使用。条形码读入器或平台扫描仪读商品条形码编号，用于确定产品描述和价格及更新库存量。

 Character and mark recognition devices rec-ognize special characters and marks. Three

types: MICR (read by readers/ sorters), OCR, and OMR.

译文：字符和标记识别设备识别特殊的字符和标记。三种类型：磁墨水字符识别（通过读者/分类机读取）、光学字符识别和光标阅读机。

Image Capturing Devices（图像采集设备）

Image capturing devices create or capture origin-nail images. These devices include digital cam-eras (images downloaded to system unit for further processing and/ or printing) and digital video cameras (Webcams capture and send im-ages over the Internet).

译文：图像采集设备创造或捕捉原始图像。这些设备包括数码照相机（图像下载到主机进行进一步的处理或打印）及数码摄像机（网络摄影机捕捉和发送图像通过互联网）。

Audio-Input Devices（音频输入设备）

Audio-input devices convert sounds into a form that can be processed by the system unit. Audio input takes many forms including the human voice and music. Voice recognition systems use a combination of a microphone, a sound card, and special software. 译文：音频输入设备将声音转换成一种主机可以处理的形式。音频输入需要许多形式包括人声和音乐。语音识别系统使用结合使用一个麦克风、一块声卡和特殊的软件。

To be a competent end user, you need to be aware of the most commonly used input and output devices. These devices are translators for information into and out of the system unit. Input devices translate words, sounds, and actions into symbols the system unit can process. Output devices translate symbols from the system unit into words, images, and sounds that

people can understand.

译文：要想成为有竞争的最终用户，你需要知道最常用的输入和输出设备。这些设备是翻译的信息流入和流出的系统单元。输入设备翻译单词、声音和动作成主机可以处理的符号。输出设备从主机里的符号翻译成人可以理解的单词、图像和声音。

OUTPUT （输出）

Output is data or information processed by a computer. Output devices translate processed text, graphics, audio, and video into a form hu-mans can understand.

译文：输出设备是通过计算机处理的数据或信息。输出设备翻译处理过的文本、图形、音频和视频成一种人可以理解的形式。

Monitors（监视器）

Monitors (display screens) present visual im-ages of text and graphics. Monitor output is de-scribed as soft copy.

译文：文本和图形的监视器（显示屏幕）目前视觉影像。监视器输出是被描述为软拷贝。 Clarity is a function of several monitor fea-tures including resolution (expressed as matrix of pixels or picture elements), dot (pixel) pitch, refresh rate, and size. 译文：透明是多个监视器的功能，性能包括分辨率（表示为矩阵的像素或图片元素）、点（像素）的间距、刷新率和尺寸。

 Cathode-ray tubes(CRTs) use technology similar to a television. Low cost with excel-lent

resolution. However, bulky and occupy considerable space on the desktop. 译文：阴极射线管（CRTs）使用类似的技术的电视机。低成本极好的分辨率。但是，在桌面上笨重且占用相当大的空间。

 Flat-panel monitors compared to CRTs are thinner and require less power. Most are LCD

(liquid crystal display). Two types are passive-matrix (dual-scan) and active-matrix (thin film transistor, TFT). 译文：纯平监视器与CRTs相比更薄且需要更少的功率。大多数是液晶显示器（liquid crystal display）。有两类是无源矩阵（双扫描）和主动矩阵（薄影片晶体管，薄膜晶体管）。

Three specialized types of monitors are e-books, data projectors, and high-definition television (HDTV).

译文：三种专业的监视器是电子书、投影机和高清晰度电视同（HDTV）。

Printers（打印机）

Printers translate information processed by sys-tem unit and present the information on paper. Output from printers is described as hard copy. Some distinguishing features of printers include resolution (measured in dpi or dots per inch), color capability, speed, and memory.

译文：打印机翻译主机已处理的信息和呈现信息在纸上。打印机的输出被描述为硬拷贝。一些打印机的特点性能包括分辨率（以dpi或每英寸点数衡量）、颜色性能、速度和内存。  Ink-jet printers spray ink to produce high-quality output. These printers are inexpensive and

the most widely used type of printer. 译文：喷墨打印机喷墨水产生高质量输出。这些打印机是便宜的且使用最广泛的打印机类型。  Laser printers use technology similar to photocopying machines. Two categories are

personal and shared.

译文：激光打印机使用类似的技术的照片复印机。两类是个人的和共享的。

 Thermal printers use heat elements and heat-sensitive paper. Used to record data and to

provide very high-quality artwork and text. 译文：热感型印刷机使用高温原理和热敏的纸。用于记录数据和提供极高高质量的艺术品和文本。

Other printers include dot-matrix printers, plot-ters, photo printers, and portable printers. 译文：其他的打印机包括点阵打印机、绘图机、照片打印机和便携式打印机。

Audio-Output Devices（音频输出设备）

Audio-output devices translate audio informa-tion from the computer into sounds that people can understand. Speakers and headphones are the most widely used audio-output devices. 译文：音频输出设备将计算机音频信息翻翻译成人可以理解的声音。扬声器和耳机是使用最广泛的音频输出设备。

Digital music players (digital media play-ers) store, transfer, and play audio files. Older players only use MP3 files. Many players also dis-play video files.

译文：数字音乐播放器（数字媒体播放器）存储、传递和播放音频文件。旧的播放器只能使用MP3文件。许多播放器也播放视频文件。

COMBINATION DEVICES （组合设备）

Combination devices combine input and output capabilities. Common types include 译文：组合设备结合输入和输出功能。普通类型包括

Fax Machines（传真机）

Fax machines send and receive images via stan-dard telephone lines. 译文：传真机发送和接收图像通过标准的电话线。

Multifunctional Devices（多功能设备）

Multifunctional devices (MFD) typically com-bine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine.

译文：多功能设备（MFD）通常结合扫描仪、打印机、传真机和复印机的功能。

Internet Telephone（互联网电话）

Internet telephones receive and send voice com-munication. Telephony (Internet telephony, IP telephony, and Voice over IP, VoIP) uses net-works (Internet) to place long-distance calls. Three approaches are computer-to-computer, computer-to-traditional telephone.

译文:互联网电话接收和发送语音通信。电话（互联网电话、IP电话和语音IP电话、网络电话）使用网络（互联网）进行长途通话。

Terminals（终端）

Terminals are input and output devices that connect to a mainframe or other type of com-puter. There are three kinds: dumb (no pro-cessing), intelligent (microcomputer with communication software and communication link), and network (low-cost alternative, also known as thin client).

译文：终端是输入和输出设备，连接主机或其他类型的计算机。有三种类型：无声音的（无处理）、智能的（微型计算机与通信软件和通信链接）及网络（低成本替代方案，也称为瘦客户端）。