2018.5
本试卷共12页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题纸交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
1. ----Excuse me, sir. Can you spare me a dollar _________ I can buy this book? ----Sure, no problem.
A. for B. so C. but D. or
2. I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I’m not sure ______to begin. A. what B. which C. where D. when
3. Personally speaking, ________the grand blueprint into reality is a long process. A. turning B. turn C. turned D. having turned 4. I _____up my mind what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled. A. have made B. had made C. was making D. would make 5. You don’t need an invitation to help others. Give help _____you are asked. A. if B. as C. though D. before
6. By now 516 Confucius Institutes ______in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters.
A. founded B. would found C. have been founded D. had been founded 7. The stadium ________ stands a theatre will be reconstructed.
A. beside which B. for which C. when D. which 8. 40 grams of meat per day is ______ people should consume in order to stay fit. A. that B. why C. how D. what
9. Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _______the fortunes of Cao’s own family. A. mirrored B. to mirror C. mirroring D. mirror 10. When I was small, my mom ________red me stories at night.
A. could B. should C. might D. would 11. He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing __________. A. had happened B. happened
C. would happen D. would have happened
12. ________some people criticize graffiti for begin ugly and destructive, those graffiti lovers still see it as real art. A. As B. While C. Once D. Until 13. ---How was your vacation in Seattle?
---Pretty good. In the evenings I __________ to pubs to enjoy beer.
A. have gone B. go C. had gone D. went
14. _______naturally by the skin when exposed to sunlight, Vitamin D is needed for healthy bones, teeth and muscles.
A. Making B. To make C. Made D. Make 15. This view is common _________ all sections of the community.
A. across B. above C. around D. along
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、
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C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Double Trouble
When I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it. But, as usual, I was broken. I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan. I went to her room, 16 her for the cash. Laughing, she agreed to 17 me the money, but added, “I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every 18 until you pay me back.” “Compound interest---what’s that?” I asked.
“Well, interest is what you call the 19 money borrowers have to pay back on a loan,” she explained. “Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the 20 you take to pay back the loan. To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month. If you wait two months to pay me back, your 21 will grow from $10 to $11. So I’ll be charging you interest on $11. Then I will add that interest to the $11 you already owe me, for a 22 of $12.10. That’s what you’ll owe after two months.” “Sure. I get it,” I said. Though truthfully, I was getting 23 .
Kathleen lent me the money, and I bought the toy. My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. 24 ,that was just the amount I needed to buy another toy I wanted 25 . I put off paying my sister for a month. After another month, I 26 about the loan. Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $02 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket 27 Kathleen tapped me on the shoulder. “Sorry, kiddo. That’s mine. I’m 28 on your debt.”
“Huh?” Then I remembered the loan. “Hey! How can it be that much? I 29 borrowed $10.”
“True,” she said, “but interest has been compounding for eight months. Now you 30 me $21.43.” She paused, then added. “You can pay me the $1.43.”
I 31 to believe that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly. Much to my 32 , my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up.
My head 33 as I tried to keep track of Kathleen’s 34 , but this time, I got the basic idea of compound interest. I 35 the hard way that borrowing money can be “double trouble” in no time. 16. A. blaming B. begging C. searching D. preparing 17. A. pay B. send C. lend D. hand 18. A. month B. year C. week D. day 19. A. little B. same C. enough D. extra 20. A. shorter B. longer C. more D. less 21. A. cash B. saving C. note D. debt 22. A. total B. cost C. number D. bill 23. A. encouraged B. shocked C. confused D. satisfied 24. A. Gradually B. Obviously C. Unfortunately D. Hopefully 25. A. seriously B. anxiously C. secretly D. desperately 26. A. forgot B. knew C. talked D. cared 27. A. after B. until C. while D. when 28. A. carrying B. collecting C. relying D. focusing 29. A. normally B. nearly C. only D. really 30. A. owe B. offer C. take D. give 31. A. decided B. refused C. pretended D. managed 32. A. relief B. delight C. annoyance D. regret 33. A. turned B. nodded C. stuck D. hurt 34. A. calculations B. excuses C. directions D. discoveries
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35. A. explored B. learned C. explained D. questioned 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Day of School
Fear started taking over, I was walking into my first school in America. I had traveled a long distance from India in order to join my parents, who had been for three years, hoping America would help my future. My father decided that I would be better off going to school here, so I enrolled(登记)in the local high school in my new town.
I was afraid how I would do. On the first day, I went to my second period class after I had missed my first. With anxiety, I reached for the door, opening it slowly. Without paying attention to my classmates, I went straight to the teacher and asked if this was the right class. With a soft voice he answered. “Yes.” His voice comforted me a little. He gave me a sheet called Course Requirements, which I would never get in India because we didn’t have anything like that. Then he asked me to choose where I would sit. I didn’t actually want to pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats, so I never needed to worry about that. I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the image produced by the overhead projector. In Indian schools, we didn’t use the technology we had. We had to take notes as the teacher spoke.
It was noon. I was very confused about when I would have lunch. I went to my next class and the bell rang as I entered. I went through the regular process of asking the teacher if I was in the right class. She said, “It’s still fourth period.”
“But the bell just rang,” I said.
Changing from a gentle tone to a harsher(刺耳的)one, she said, “That is the lunch bell, young man.”
I apologized. Without another word I headed for the cafeteria. I felt lucky because we didn’t have this in India. Every confusion seemed like a barrier I had to get through to reach my goal. At the end of the day, I was on my way to the bus which we didn’t have in India either. I spotted my bus and sat down inside happily. I was thinking, today wasn’t o bad.
36. The author attended an American high school because _______.
A. his father preferred American schools B. his family wanted him to have a bright future C. his mother had worked in it for 3 years D. he had been longing to leave his homeland 37. What do we know about the author's first day of school? A. He went to the wrong class for the second period B. He met some enthusiastic teachers and classmates
C. He got the Course Requirements sheet from his classmate
D. He experienced differences from the Indian schools in many ways 38.How did the author feel at the end of the day?
A. Worried B. Puzzled C. Relieved D. Excited
B
Why do you go to the library? For books, yes--but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone
else's life. At one type of library, you can do just that--even though there's not a single book.
At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have
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experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life
For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise make a quick judgment about.
According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community.
The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since.
Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren’t places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don’t need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.
The stories these \"books\" tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in between. And that's the very point of the organization--to prove that no person can be summed up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly can't judge a book by its cover---or by its title or label. 39. The “books” in human libraries are____________. A. long-held beliefs attracting individuals
B. inspiring stones motivating people in trouble C. events in which people can talk to volunteers D. unfairly-treated people sharing their experiences
40. The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_______. A. aimed to help the young suffering from violence B. attempted to replace traditional physical libraries C. laid a foundation for the Human Library Organization
D. led to a pleasing development for the community with racism 41. In human libraries, the readers are likely to_________. A. deepen their understanding of people B. enrich their own personal experiences C. hear the stories from all over the world D. make quick judgments about the “books”
42. The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. compare and evaluate B. inform and explain C. discuss and persuade D. analyze and suggest
C
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that \"no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother’s incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy
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identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual’s success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years al Columbia University 's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. \"Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. \"It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. \"We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things,\" Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
43. According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________. A. to think critically B. to decide one’s own fate C. to live a better life D. to recover from adversity 44. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The psychologists B. The resilient children C. Positive elements D. Internal locus of control 45. According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________. A. your positive perception may turn adversity around
B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time 46. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage? A. To teach people how to be resilient
B. To encourage people to live through adversity
C. To indicate people’s perception varies from each other D. To compare different research findings about resilience
D
Science is finaly beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the
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animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I’ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of \"food animals\" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat? 47. According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.
A. interaction B. analysis C. creation D. abstraction 48. The research into pigs shows that pigs___________. A. learn letters quickly B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship
D. can apply knowledge to new situations 49. Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.
A. the similarities between mammals and humans B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals D. a discovery of how animals express themselves 50. What might be the best title for the passage? A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals C. Science Reports on Food Animals D. A Revolution in Food Animals
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sleep and Teens--Biology and Behavior
How much sleep do teens need? And how much sleep are they realistically getting? Based on current data, most teens need about 9-plus hours to have the best or most suitable sleep night. 51 Many factors combine to decrease sleep in adolescents. We can think in general of two major factors: biological, the brain processes that regulate the amount and timing of sleep, and behavior, all the psychological, parental, societal, cultural features of teen’s life.
__52 These changes lay the ground work for the biological night to occur later during the teen years than before. Circadian Rhythms (daily biological clock) seems to slow down as young people progress through the middle school years. At the same time, the sleep pressure system appears to change in a way that makes it easier to stay awake longer, though without changing the amount of sleep that is needed.
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Moreover, many teens have a \"technological playground\" in their bedrooms: television, computer with 24/7 Internet access, telephones, electronic game stations, MP3 players, and so forth. These technologies provide instant and constant contact with peers. Societal and media pressure to consume these technologies is now higher than ever. Yet society also requires that teens go to school at a time of day that is at odds with their biological and social lives. So we see teens turn to caffeine, late-night Internet and cramming in activity after activity as a means to keep awake. _____53 . Problems emerge for lack of sleep. 54 For some, grades begin to suffer as they struggle to keep awake during class and while doing homework. And others may simply feel moody, never knowing how to feel or do their best. Worse still, many teens suffer from both physical and mental illness.
___55 The earlier teens can start this good sleep habit, the easier it will be for them to stay healthy, happy and smart.
A. Sleep experts recommend teens keep consistent sleep and wake schedule
B. Teens may schedule sleep like any other daily activity and make sleep a priority
C. Then they are trapped into a terrible situation where they would never get enough sleep D. The sleep-wake bio-regulatory factors appear to change significantly during adolescence E. Some teenagers struggle to wake up in the morning, often resulting in late or missed school F. Teens may be driven to things that can wake them up because they'll fall asleep if they do not G. However, it is indicated that most teens fall short of this goal, many by a considerable amount. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）你班英语课上以“I Have A Dream”为题进行“说”的练习，请你写一份讲稿，内容包括： 1．你的梦想是什么； 2．你为何有此梦想； 3．你如何实现梦想。 注意：
1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hello, everybody! ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you.
第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇日记。记述上周末你和你的英国朋友Jim用微信支付购物的过程。 注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：二维码QR code; 糖葫芦candy-coated haws(tanghulu)
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北京海淀区2018届高三二模英语试题英语
参考答案 2018.05
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
36. B 37. D 38. C 39. D 40. C 41.A 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 51. G 52. D 53. C 54. E 55. A 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） One Possible Version
Hello, everybody! I’m very glad to share my dream with you.
I have a dream that one day I could be a pianist. I dream of playing a sweet tune for those who need music, bringing happiness to sorrowful souls and enthusiasm to weary spirits.
I love music, and I love the feeling of playing music in front of the audience. Of all the instruments, the delicate yet powerful sound a piano makes impresses me most.
It’s clear that I have a long way to go before I realize my dream. Therefore, I will practice every day as long as time permits and learn as many songs as I can. I will put my heart into my pursuit of music and never give up.
I am confident that one day my dream will come true. Thank you. 第二节（20分） One Possible Version
It seems that everything in China is new to my British friend, Jim.
Last weekend, when Jim and I were wandering on the streets, enjoying the beautiful scenery and fresh air of spring, a candy-coated haws stand caught his attention. Having never tasted a candy-coated haw, he immediately went up to buy one.
However, the vendor shook her head when seeing the 100-yuan note Jim handed over to her. She had no change! How disappointed Jim was! He was about to quit when I took out my cellphone, scanned the QR code on the stand and paid the vendor 5 yuan.
Jim was surprised at what I had done. Then I explained to him that nowadays in China QR codes were everywhere, and we could pay with a cellphone for almost everything. “Wow!” Jim said, “The candy-coated haw tastes great, and the payment method seems even greater!”
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