考研英语(二)模拟试卷132(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷132 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful【C1】______is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is【C2】______. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 【C3】______ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 【C4】______ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 【C5】______ wire umbilici. It is tempting to【C6】______a “strategy” to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】______, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】______experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful. Tech【C9】______occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning” as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10】______cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】______with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails. “Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】______look at our phone, seeking rewards?” asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement【C13】______an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile 【C14】______ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】______by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe. 【C16】______, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】______sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can【C18】______the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】______, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】______to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.

1． 【C1】 A．phenomenon B．epidemic C．issue D．event

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“在西方国家的担忧埃博拉的威胁之际，一种更为常见但远没那么 有害的______，正像冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中传播”。根据Ebola和winter sniffle可 知epidemic“流行病”符合题意，故

B．epidemic为正确答案。phenomenon“现象”，issue “问题”和event“事件”均不符合题意，故排除。

2． 【C2】 A．striking B．obscure C．interesting D．mysterious

正确答案：A

解析：此处意为“疾病生物体与个人设备之间的相似性是______”。根据下文，可知本段 都在阐述疾病生物体和个人设备之间的相似性，do the same thing是关键信息。故A． striking“引人注目的；显著的”符合题意，为正确答案。obscure“晦涩的，不清楚的”，in teresting“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，mysterious“神秘的；难以理解的”，均不符合题意，故排 除。

3． 【C3】 A．relying B．choosing C．grabbing D．using

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“为了繁殖和传播，病毒和其他寄生物控制更大的生物体，并______资 源”。根据句意，可知这种资源的获得是强行的，grab“抢占，夺取”符合题意，故

C．grab bing为正确答案。rely“依靠，依赖”，choose“挑选，选择”，use“使用”，均不符合题意，故 排除。

4． 【C4】 A．taking over B．feeding on C．catching up D．allowing for

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“智能手机和其他小玩意也做着同样的事，它们靠______人类日益增长 的注意力……”，feed on意为“以……为食，以……为能源”，在此处比喻为“靠吸引人类 的注意力而获得成功”，故

B．feeding on为正确答案。take over“接受，接管”，catch up“赶 上，追上”，allow for“考虑到，体谅”，均不符合题意，故排除。

5． 【C5】 A．with B．over C．to D．via

正确答案：D

解析：此处supplied短语做后置定语修饰electricity，意为”______电线枢纽提供的电 力”。由此判断填入一个表示“通过”的介词，故排除A．with和

C．to。over和via都有“通 过”的意思，但是via更强调凭借某种途径，over强调“越过……”，故

D．via符合题意，为 正确答案。

6． 【C6】 A．point B．turn C．attribute D．prefer

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“人们很容易______噬菌体和手机平板都存在什么‘战略’，尽管这两者 都没有感觉”。结合下文可知，此处表示因果关系，attribute to“把某事归因于某人(某事)符合题意，故

C．attribute为正确答案。point to“标明，指向”，turn to“(使)转向；(使)变成； 求助于”，prefer…to…“更喜欢”，均不符合题意，故排除。

7． 【C7】 A．Instead B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise

正确答案：A 解析：根据上文可知，人们很容易认为噬菌体和手机平板都存在什么“战略”，尽管这两 者都没有感觉。空格后讲述的内容则与上文不一致，暗含转折意味。故A．Instead“相反 地”符合题意，为正确答案。Moreover“再者，此外”，表示递进；Therefore“因此，所以”，表 示因果；Otherwise“否则，另外”，均不符合题意，故排除。

8． 【C8】 A．which

B．as C．that D．where

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“这个过程是渐进性的，由很多随机突变构成，______大批产品设计者 就此进行实验的那样”。分析句子结构可知，此句不缺少句子成分，主句为the process is evolutionary，consisting of many random evolutions为插入语，空格后应为一个状语从句， 故

B．as“正如”为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意，故排除。

9． 【C9】 A．progress B．term C．crisis D．addiction

正确答案：D 解析：此处意为“科技______是通过主动习得的反应——也就是动物行为学家所说的 ‘操作性条件反射’——患上的”。根据上下文可知，addiction“着迷；嗜好”与Tech搭配意 为“科技瘾”，故

D．addiction符合题意，为正确答案。progress“进步，进展”，term“术语，条 款”和crisis“危机”与Tech搭配后，均与文中的“主动习得”不符，故排除。

10． 【C10】 A．dangerous B．special C．large D．funny

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“它被关在一个名叫‘斯金纳箱’的______笼子里”。文章并没有指出此 箱子的性质、大小，但我们可以推测出这个箱子是为了实验而特意制作的。故

B．special “特殊的”符合题意，为正确答案。dangerous“危险的”，large“大的”，funny“有趣的”，均不 符合题意，故排除。

11． 【C11】 A．rewarded B．resisted C．resumed D．reversed

正确答案：A

解析：此处意为“如果解开谜题，这只动物会得到一点食物作为______；如果没能解开， 便会遭到电击以示惩罚”。此句前后为对称结构，根据后面的punished可推断此处应选 与之相对的rewarded“奖励”，故A．rewarded为正确答案。resist“抵抗，反对”，resume “重新开始，继续”，reverse“反转，交换”，均不符合题意，故排除。

12． 【C12】 A．anxiously B．occasionally C．happily D．endlessly

正确答案：D

解析：此处意为“当我们______看手机时，我们是否正受到荷尔蒙的正向刺激，在寻求 奖励?”根据上下文可知，此处要表达当人们不停地看手机时，即前文所说的“科技瘾”， 故

D．endlessly“不休，永久地”为正确答案。anxiously“焦急地”，occasionally“偶尔，偶 然”，happily“高兴地”，均不符合题意，故排除。

13． 【C13】 A．within B．from C．about D．through

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“有点像一个人从严谨的科学角度，拒绝______一名记者在淋浴时得到 的想法”。withhold sth．from sth．／sb．意为“不给，拒绝给”，此处表示“拒绝赞同记者的想 法”，故

B．from符合题意，为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意，故排除。

14． 【C14】 A．support B．approve C．argue D．insist

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“与此同时，科技巨头们会______移动设备的流行要归功于他们的设 计很有水平”，这与上文所阐述的观点角度不同，因此argue“争论，辩称”符合题意， 故

C．argue为正确答案。support“支持”，approve“赞同”，insist“坚持，强调”，均不符合 题意，故排除。

15． 【C15】 A．formed B．seperated C．classified D．modified

正确答案：D 解析：此处意为“这恰恰是那些思维过程已被人侵的准生物体______的人愿意相信的”。 根据句意可知，modify“修改，变更”符合题意，故

D．modified为正确答案。form“形成，产 生”，separate“分离，分开”，classify“分类，归类”，均不符合题意，故排除。

16． 【C16】 A．Surprisingly B．Importantly C．Fortunately D．Regrettably

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“______，移动技术引起的症状不如生理疾病那般严重”。根据上下文尤 其是下一句的There are even benefits可知，此处要表达的是“幸运的是”，故

C．Fortu nately符合题意，为正确答案。Surprisingly“惊人地”，Importantly“重要地”，Regrettably “令人遗憾地”，均不符合题意，故排除。

17． 【C17】 A．compensate B．help C．comfort D．improve

正确答案：A

解析：此处意为“对那些因常光顾星巴克使用免费Wi-Fi而导致注意力集中时间缩短、体 内咖啡因过多的‘患者’来说，移动技术甚至提供了一些好处来______他们”。句中的for 暗示此处填入与for搭配的动词。compensate for意为“赔偿……的损失”符合题意，故 A．compensate为正确答案。help“帮助”，comfort“安慰”，improve“改善，提高”，均不符合 题意，故排除。

18． 【C18】 A．share B．obtain C．subscribe D．observe

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“最重要的是，你在像阿拉斯加那么远的地方也能______英国《金融 时报》”。obtain“获得，得到”，在此引申为“看到，读到”。故

B．obtain符合题意，为正确 答案。share“共享，分享”，observe“观察”，均不符合题意；subscribe表示“订阅”需和to 连用。

19． 【C19】 A．part B．sense C．level D．way

正确答案：B

解析：此处意为“ ______，移动设备更像是共生生物体，而不是寄生虫”。空格后面是论述 完上文后的结论，in this sense“从这点来看”符合题意，因此

B．sense为正确答案。in this part“在这部分”，in this level“在这个水平”，in this way“用这种方式”，均不符合题意，故排除。

20． 【C20】 A．adaptive B．careful C．similar D．captive

正确答案：C

解析：此处意为“这使它______是一种帮助人维持生命的肠道细菌，而非可能害死你的 病毒”。下文rather than“而不是”提示此处表示“是”，因此

C．similar“类似的，相似的”符 合题意，为正确答案。adaptive“适应的”；careful“仔细的，小心的”；captive“能够的，有能 力的”，均不符合题意，故排除。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the end—if you’re lucky!— and if you’re very lucky, eventually there’s a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way? It depends on whether you are a “maximizer” or a “satisficer”. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer,

however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand. Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 8 members of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got. Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesn’t make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted. Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesn’t buy more happiness, as the maximizer’s likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but they’re so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.

21． What is implied in the first two paragraphs?

A．Graduates aren’t well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges. B．Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky. C．Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.

D．Satisficers wait for something better based on information at hand.

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第一、二段。第一段结尾提到“拿到了第一个工作 offer，是果断接受还是等待更好的机会”，第二段开头给出了解答的依据，即“取决于你 是‘完美主义者’还是‘易于满足者’”。同时，从第二段文中信息可知，“易于满足者”选工 作时会比较果断，所以，他更趋向于接受找到的第一份工作。A项属于过度推断，原文未 提及。第一段提到的是“运气好的话，可以得到几个面试机会”，与“更早”无关，故B项错 误。D项推断错误，wait for something better是“易于满足者”的行为。

22． According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true? A．Maximizers can get something of value from outside information. B．Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.

C．Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.

D．The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段倒数第二句意为“他们(完美主义 者)平均申请二十个职位，而易于满足者只申请十个”，B项是此句的总结性陈述，故B项 为正确答案。A项利用文中的worth进行干扰，文中未提及。C项中的三人是研究者，文中 并没有说明他们是“完美主义者”。D项错在all一词，而文中说的是“外部信息来源”。

23． The word “contortions”(Para. 3)most probably refers to______. A．choices B．occupations C．opportunities D．distortions

正确答案：D

解析：含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段第五句句意为“完美主义者在求职 之路上会通过更多的______”，第二句提到“完美主义者则倾向于继续求职，直到更好的 工作机会来临”，可见他们为了做出最好的决定，不惜绕很多弯路。contortions意为“扭 弯，扭歪，扭曲”，故D项“歪曲，被曲解”为正确答案。choices“选择”，occupations“职位”， opportunities“机会”，均不是该单词的正确释义，故排除。

24． The passage conveys that higher pay______.

A．brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficers B．encourages maximizers seek perfection

C．makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offer D．helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题于关键词定位到第四段。该段第二句出现明显的表示转折意 义的词however，说明其后的内容是命题的重点，该句句意为“问题是，更高的薪水并没 有让完美主义者比易于满足者更快乐”，A项与其表意一致，故为正确答案。B项“鼓励 完美主义者追求完美”和D项“有助于完美主义者培养自身的价值感”属于无中生有。C 项是对文中最后一段第一句的曲解．也排除。

25． Which might be the appropriate title of this passage? A．Higher Pay: Be Happier or Unhappy B．First Offer: Take It or Keep Waiting

C．Sources of Information: Outside or at Hand D．Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a Satisficer

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。根据题干关键词需纵观全文，但文章第一段段末就指出了全文主旨．即 “拿到了第一个工作录用通知单，是果断接受还是等待更好的机会

呢”?之后的四段均是 对该主旨的具体阐述，具体而全面。故B项”第一份工作来了：接受还是继续等待”为正 确答案。A项“更高的薪水：让人更快乐还是不快乐”、C项“信息来源：外部还是手边”和 D项“定位你自己：一个完美主义者还是一个易于满足者”均不符合文意，故排除。

Yawning can be a problem at the office for Lindsay Eierman, which makes her embarrassed. “I’ve explained, ‘I’m sorry, I didn’t get much sleep last night,’” says Ms Eierman, a 26-year-old social worker from Durham, North Carolina. But a lack of sleep may not be the problem. Researchers are starting to unravel the mystery surrounding the yawn, one of the most common and often embarrassing behaviours. Yawning, they have discovered, is much more complicated than previously thought. Although all yawns look the same, they appear to have many different causes and to serve a variety of functions. Yawning is believed to be a means to keep our brains alert in times of stress. Contagious yawning appears to have evolved in many animal species as a way to protect family and friends, by keeping everyone in the group vigilant. Changes in brain chemistry trigger yawns, which typically last about six seconds and often occur in clusters. To unravel the mystery of yawning, scientists built upon early, observed clues. Yawning tends to occur more in summer. Most people yawn upon seeing someone else do it, but infants and people with autism or schizophrenia aren’t so affected by this contagion effect. And certain people yawn at surprising times, like parachutists who are about to jump out of a plane or Olympic athletes getting ready to compete. A leading hypothesis is that yawning plays an important role in keeping the brain at its cool, optimal working temperature. The brain is particularly sensitive to overheating, according to Andrew Gallup, an assistant professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Oneonta. Reaction times slow and memory wanes when the brain’ s temperature varies even less than a degree from the ideal 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. There are some practical applications. Dr. Gallup said managers might want to keep in mind the brain-cooling role of yawning when a meeting is long and boring. “One way to diminish yawning frequency in an office would be to keep it air-conditioned. If it’s very cold in the room, yawning rates are going to be quite low,” Dr. Gallup said.

26． Lindsay Eierman says she didn’t sleep well last night because______. A．yawning is her problem

B．her colleague doesn’ t forgive her

C．she feels very sorry for yawning at the office

D．she regards sleep deprivation as the reason of yawning

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段。第一段讲了林赛.艾尔曼打哈欠的问题， 这让她很尴尬，她解释为昨晚睡眠不足，末句“但打哈欠可能未必是由睡眠不足所致”进 行总结，并自然地引出第二段的内容。所以她如此解释，是因为她把自己打哈欠的原因 归结为睡眠不足，故D项“她认为睡眠不足

是打哈欠的原因”为正确答案。A项“打哈欠 是她的问题”，B项“她的同事不原谅她”和C项“她因在办公室打哈欠感到非常抱歉”均 与题干“林赛.艾尔曼说自己昨晚没睡好”不构成因果关系，故排除。

27． According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true about yawning?

A．It always happens in groups

B．It makes people relax under pressure

C．It is caused by changes in brain chemistry D．It usually lasts approximately six seconds

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。第三段第一句句意为“打哈欠可以让我 们在感受到压力的时候使大脑处于警觉状态”，B项中的makes people relax和第一句中 的keep our brains alert矛盾，故B项“它(打哈欠)让人们在压力下放松”不符合文意，故 B项为正确答案。A项中的always happens in group与原文often occur in clusters是同义 替换；C项中的is caused by与原文trigger是同义替换；D项中的usually lasts approxi mately与原文typically last about是同义替换，三项均符合原文，故排除。

28． The word “contagion”(Para. 4)most probably means______. A．spreading B．learning C．protection D．imitation

正确答案：A

解析：含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段。contagion前面有代词this修饰，所以必 定有指代。本句是由but连接的两个分句，所以this指代的是第一个分句的现象，即“在 看到别人打哈欠时，大多数人也会不自觉这样做”，这是一种传染效应，故A项“传染、传 播”为正确答案。B项“学习”，C项“保护”，D项“模仿”均不正确。

29． According to Dr. Gallup, people in a meeting may yawn when______. A．the meeting room is overheated B．other people around them yawn C．a meeting is brief and interesting

D．the air-conditioner temperature is lowered

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。根据末句中的diminish yawning和 keep it air-conditioned可知，通过调低空调温度可以降低打哈欠频率，那么可以推断出 会议室过热的时候人们容易打哈欠，故A项为正确答案，同时排除D项。B项“(当)周 围的其他人打哈欠(的时候)”并不是盖洛普博士的观点。

C项“(当)会议简短而有趣(的 时候)”与原文意思相反。

30． The passage mainly discusses______. A．the rates of yawning

B．the misconceptions of yawning C．the secrets of yawning

D．the applications of yawning

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。本题考查文章主旨。本文第二段首句和末句分别指出“研究人员目前正 逐渐揭开打哈欠的秘密”“……但实际上却有很多不同的成因，所以打哈欠的作用也不 尽相同”，说明了文章的中心。剩下的四段从打哈欠的作用、成因、应用等方面简要阐述。 第二段和第四段首句的mystery是直接的线索词，故C项“打哈欠的秘密”为正确答案。 A项“打哈欠的频率”和D项“打哈欠的应用”都是其中一个方面。B项“对打哈欠的误 解”只是第一段句末的引子，并非文章主要内容，故排除。

Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’ s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political

groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.

31． Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?

A．Two contrasting views are presented.

B．An argument is examined and possible solutions given.

C．Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.

D．A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.

正确答案：A

解析：结构题。本题考查了第一段的结构，也就是写作手法。这种题型很少出现，但根据 阅读的基本常识，尤其是第一段中间的however提示，我们可以非常清楚地知道这一段 的结构就是两种不同观点的对比。However经常用来引出的是作者的观点，而且一般是 新的观点和文章的主题，故答案为A项。

32． According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_____.

A．did not have the same interests as their neighbors B．could not develop long-standing relationships C．tended to be associated with bad behavior D．usually had more friends

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。关键词是common belief、urban residents，这道题目考查的是however之前的内容，即旧的观点。答案带有本文关键词：relationships。B项“城市居民不能够形成持久、深入的关系”，属于正话反说，但与原文意思一致，故B项为正确答案。

33． One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_____.

A．disrupt people’ s natural relations B．make them worry about crime

C．cause them not to show concern for one another D．cause them to the suspicious of each other

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。关键词是consequences、impersonal relationships among neighbors(邻居 之间没有感情的关系)，根据原文第三段第二句：如果邻居们互相都不认识，那么他们 就不太可能为居住在隔壁的老夫妇打扫人行道，或者注意小淘气鬼们。该句的条件关 系是一个重要的考点，经常转化成考查因果关系。

因此C项正确答案。A项的错误在于 并不是邻居之间的冷漠破坏了人们之间的自然关系，两者间不存在因果关系；同样，邻 居关系的疏远也不是他们担心犯罪的原因，也没有造成邻里之间互相猜疑，故选项B、D 也不对。

34． It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is_____. A．the better its quality of life B．the more similar its interests

C．the more tolerant and open-minded it is

D．the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据题干中的关键词the bigger a community is可确定它与第三段有关 系。第三段的观点句与题干有关的有两句。一句在中间，由Moreover引出：一个社区的 人口和它的社会多样性之间可能有联系；另外是最后一句(seem to be)多样化和与众不 同的行为看起来是人口规模大所带来的后果。作者还举例说明：大城市居民与和他们地 位相似的小城镇居民相比，大城市居民们更可能有见多识广的见解，对传统的亲戚关系 的作用也表现出较少的责任感，更可能选举左翼的政治候选人，更可能容忍非传统的宗 教团体，不受欢迎的政治团体和所谓的不受欢迎的人。从各方面考虑，多样化和异常行 为看来是大的人口规模带来的后果。综上所述，C项“更加容忍、思想开明”，是对这些句 子的最好概括，故C项为正确答案。

35． What is the passage mainly about?

A．Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers.

B．Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns C．The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life. D．The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。通过语篇分析和本文的主题关键词——人际关系的比较，我们可以确定 答案为A项“城市居民和小城镇居民之间人际关系方面的类似之处”。

There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger children— ages 6 to 11—being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older children—ages 12 to 17—one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day. The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were very young but then tapered off. Last summer, the American Academy of Pediatrics announced a new policy recommending that all parents read to their children from birth. “A lot of parents assume that once kids begin to read independently, that now that is the best thing for them to do,” said Maggie McGuire,

the vice president for a website for parents operated by Scholastic. But reading aloud through elementary school seemed to be connected to a love of reading generally. According to the report, 41 percent of frequent readers ages 6 to 10 were read aloud to at home, while only 13 percent of infrequent readers were being read to. Of course, children who love to read are generally immersed in households with lots of books and parents who like to read. So while parents who read to their children later in elementary school may encourage those children to become frequent readers on their own, such behavior can also result from “a whole constellation of other things that goes on in those families,” said Timothy Shanahan, a past president of the International Reading Association. There is not yet strong research that connects reading aloud at older ages to improved reading comprehension. But some literacy experts said that when parents or teachers read aloud to children even after they can read themselves, the children can hear more complex words or stories than they might tackle themselves. “It’s this idea of marinating children in higher-level vocabulary,” said Pam Allyn, founder of LitWorld.Org, a nonprofit group that works to increase literacy among young people. “The read-aloud can really lift the child.” Other literacy experts say the real value of reading to children is helping to develop background knowledge in all kinds of topics as well as exposure to sophisticated language.

36． It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.

A．the younger children and the older children have the same reading patterns B．for the younger children, being read aloud regularly is good to their school days

C．for the older children, having time to read independently is very important D．for the older children, having restricted online time is good to develop reading habits

正确答案：C 解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段。根据原文for the older children—ages 12 to 17一one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day推断出C项“对于年龄较大的孩子来说，自主阅读很重要”为正确答案， 其中read independently是对on their own的同义替换。A项“年幼的孩子和年龄较大的 孩子有相同的阅读模式”是对第一句的曲解。B项“对于年幼的孩子，时常听父母大声朗 读，对其学校生活有益”在第一句没有提及。D项“对于年龄较大的孩子，上网时间 对其培养阅读习惯是有益的”属于过度推断。

37． The phrase “tapered off”(Para. 2)probably means___ . A．stopped halfway B．declined gradually C．turned off

D．read occasionally

正确答案：B 解析：含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were very young but then tapered off．可以推断出，一些家长 在孩子很小的时候，经常在睡前给他们读书，但随后逐渐减少。taper意为“逐渐减少：逐 渐缩小”，taper off为固定搭配，意为“逐渐减少”，故B项为正确答案。A项“中途停下”； C项“关上，关掉”和D项“偶尔阅读”均不符合题意，故排除。

38． The author mentions “ the report” in Paragraph 3 to show that______. A．reading aloud through elementary school is related to children’ s reading habits

B．Maggie McGuire’ s viewpoint is wrong

C．many parents think that children read independently is the best thing D．there is little difference between frequent readers and infrequent readers

正确答案：A 解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。原文But reading aloud through elementary school seemed to be connected to a love of reading generally．According to the report…，因 此A项”在孩子的整个小学阶段坚持给他们朗读与孩子阅读习惯的形成有关”为正确答 案。B项“玛吉.麦圭尔的观点是错的”，C项“许多父母认为看到孩子自主阅读是最好的 事情”，D项“频繁阅读者与非频繁阅读者之间没有区别”均与原文不符，故排除。

39． Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 4-5? A．Children who like to read are usually influenced by parents. B．The family atmosphere is crucial to children’ s reading behavior.

C．No obvious evidence proves reading aloud at older ages can strengthen reading comprehension.

D．Some literacy experts believe there is no significance to read aloud for older children.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四、五段。此类题目可用排除法。A项“爱读书 的孩子通常会受到父母的影响”与children who love to read are generally immersed in households with lots of books and parents who like to read相符：B项“家庭氛围对孩子的 阅读行为是非常重要的”是对such behavior can also result from“a whole constellation of other things that goes on in those families”这句话的正确理解：C项“没有明显的证据证明 对年龄较大的孩子大声朗读可以加强其阅读理解力”与There is not yet strong research that connects reading aloud at older ages to improved reading comprehension．相符。D项“一 些识字专家认为对年龄较大的孩子大声朗读没有意义”与第五段最后一句不符，因此为 正确答案。

40． Pam Allyn argues that the advantage of read-aloud is that______. A．it can enlarge children’ s vocabulary

B．it can really improve children’ s reading ability C．it’ s helpful to enrich children’ s knowledge

D．it’ s beneficial for children to understand sophisticated language

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。根据It’s this idea of marinating children in higher-level vocabulary…The read-aloud can really lift the child．可知B项“可以真正改 善孩子的阅读能力”为正确答案。A项“可以扩大孩子的词汇量”是对原文“接受更高级 别词汇熏陶”的曲解。C项“有助于丰富孩子的知识”和D项“有利于孩子理解复杂的语 言”属于其他专家的观点，故排除。

Part B (10 points)

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) [A]Leave them behind [B]Change the subject [C]Limit the time you spend with them [D]Don’t make their problems your problems [E]Don’ t pretend that their behavior is “OK”. [F]Talk about solutions, not problems [G]Speak up for yourself Some people will have a rain cloud hanging over them, no matter what the weather is outside. Their negative attitude is toxic to your own moods, and you probably feel like there is little you can do about it. But that couldn’t be farther from the truth. If you want to effectively deal with negative people and be a champion of positivity, then your best route is to take definite action through some of the steps below. 【R1】______ First, let’ s get this out of the way. You can be more positive than a cartoon sponge, but even your enthusiasm has a chance of being afflicted by the constant negativity of a friend. In fact, negativity has been proven to damage your health physically, making you vulnerable to high levels of stress and even cardiac disease. There’s no reason to get hurt because of someone else’s bad mood. Though this may be a little tricky depending on your situation, working to spend slightly less time around negative people will keep your own spirits from slipping as well. 【R2】______ This is an easy trap to fall into. Point out to the person that their constant negativity isn’ t a good thing. We don’t want to do this because it’s far easier to let someone sit in their woes, and we’d rather just stay out of it. But if you want the best for this person, avoid giving the false impression that their negativity is normal. 【R3】______ Though I consider empathy a gift, it can be a dangerous thing. When we hear the complaints of a friend or family member, we typically start to take on their burdens with them. This is a bad habit to get into, especially if this is a person who is almost exclusively negative. These types of people are prone to embellishing and altering a story in order to gain sympathy. Why else

would they be sharing this with you? 【R4】______ When you suspect that a conversation is starting to take a turn for the negative, be a champion of positivity by changing the subject. Of course, you have to do this without ignoring what the other person said. Acknowledge their comment, but move the conversation forward before the pleasure gained from complaining takes hold of either of you. 【R5】______ Sometimes, changing the subject isn’t an option if you want to deal with negative people, but that doesn’ t mean you can’ t still be positive. I know that when someone begins dumping complaints on me, I have a hard time knowing exactly what to say. The key is to measure your responses as solution-based. You can do this by asking questions like, “Well, how could this be resolved?” or, “How do you think they feel about it?” Use discernment to find an appropriate response that will help your friend manage their perspectives.

41． 【R1】

正确答案：C

解析：首先浏览各小标题的意思。[A]别管他们，[B]改变话题，[C]和他们相处的 时间，[D]不要把他们的问题变成你的问题，[E]不要假装他们的表现没问题，[F]谈论解决 办法，而不是问题本身，[G]为自己发声。然后通读本段。本段先讲即使你再乐观，也可能会 被负能量折磨；接下来讲负能量的影响；结尾再次指出，我们要少和负能量的人相处，以免 自己受到负面影响。结合本段最后一句working to spend slightly less time around negative people可知正确答案是C项Limit the time you spend with them(和他们相处的时间)。

42． 【R2】

正确答案：E

解析：通读本段，发现本段讲指出别人的负能量不是一件容易的事情。最后一句特别 指出But if you want the best for this person，avoid giving the false impression that their nega tivity is normal(但如果你为了他们好，就不要给他们这个错误的印象：让他们以为自己的 负能量是正常的)，可见正确答案是E项Don’t pretend that their behavior is“OK”．(不要假 装他们的表现没问题)。

43． 【R3】

正确答案：D 解析：通读本段，发现本段主要讲对负能量的人充满同情心虽然是一件好事，但也是 很危险的，因为这可能会影响到你自己。纵观选项，只有D项：Don’t make their problems your problems(不要把他们的问题变成你的问题)是最合适的答案。

44． 【R4】

正确答案：B

解析：本段第一句即指出be a champion of positivity by changing the subject(改变这个 话题，赢得正能量)，最后再次重复道move the conversation forward before…(在……之前 赶快转移话题)，可见本段主要讲与负能量的人相处，要学会及时改变话题。因此B项 Change the subject(改变话题)为正确答案。

45． 【R5】

正确答案：F 解析：本段讲，如果改变话题行不通时，你可以就问题的解决办法做出回应。原文 The key is to measure your responses as solution-based(关键在于你可以就问题的解决办法 做出回应)，以及最后一句Use discernment to find an appropriate response that will help your friend manage their perspectives(利用你的洞察力，找出一个可以帮助你的朋友解决问题的 合适办法)都暗示了F项Talk about solutions，not problems(谈论解决办法，而不是问题本 身)为正确答案。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． With the popularity of the Internet, more and more people do shopping online. Serial returner refers to someone who regularly orders more than they need and sends some of the items back. Three in ten shoppers deliberately over-purchase and subsequently return unwanted items, with one in five admitting to ordering multiple versions of the same item to make up their mind at home— safe in the knowledge they can choose from the ever-growing number of ways to quickly and easily send items back. Shoppers have also come to expect good value regardless of whether they’re making a purchase or a return. Six in ten say a retailer’ s returns policy impacts their decision to make a purchase online, and almost half of these would not order an item if they had to fund the cost of sending it back from their own pocket. Serial returners said they would send back fewer purchases if businesses were to standardize clothing and shoe sizes.

正确答案：随着互联网的普及，网上购物的人越来越多。“连环退货族”指网购族中一些下单买很多自己不需要的东西，然后再把其中一部分退回去的人。有30％的人会故意多买，然后把不想要的东西退回去，20％的人承认会购买同一商品的多个版本，以便于他们在家收到货以后做出决定，因为他们知道有越来越多的途径可以让他们便捷地把商品退回去。 不管在购买还是退货中，买家都期待比较划算的方式。60％的人表示，卖家的退货会影响他们的在线购物决定，其中约有一半的买家表示如果退货时需要自己出运费，他们就不会下单。“连环退货族”则表示，如果商家能够将衣服和鞋子统一成标准尺寸，他们的退货次数就会减少。

解析：(1)注意serial returner的翻译。前面一句话提到随着互联网的普及，网上购物的人越来越多。serial意为“连续的；多次的”；returner意为“(停职一段时间之后)重新工作的人(尤指女人)”。结合后面的信息who regularly orders

more than they need and sends some of the items back，可把serial returner活译为“连环退货族”。(2)第一段第三句的主干是Three in ten shoppers deliberately over-purchase and subsequently return unwanted items。with one in five admitting to…their mind at home为伴随状语，破折号后面的句子是对前面的解释说明。此句虽然是一个长句，但考生可以采用“顺译法”进行翻译，难度不大。(3)第二段第一句的主干是Shoppers have also come to expect good value。regardless ofwhether…or a return作状语，修饰整个句子，whether引导的从句whether they’re making a purchase or a return作regardless of的宾语。翻译时，可以把状语的位置前置。(4)good value的意思是“花得值，值得买”，为了使得上下文更加连贯，考生可以翻译成“卖家都期待比较划算的方式”。(5)考生需要注意最后一句的翻译。最后一句的主干为：Serial returners said。said后的宾语从句省略了that，采用了虚拟语气，从句的结构是if+主语+were to do，主句的结构是主语+would+do。考生在翻译虚拟句时，最好增译表假设的词“如果”。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． Write a letter of about 100 words to a beach resort where you had a wonderful vocation to express your gratitude for their good service. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)

正确答案： Dear Sir / Madam, I’m writing to express my gratitude for your good service when I had my wonderful summer vocation there. The pleasant memory for my trip is still vivid. Generally speaking, the trip in Golden Bay Resort last month was splendid and satisfactory. The sand-bathing was great, with bright sunshine and cool seawater; and more satisfyingly, cozy rooms and first-class dining were beyond my expectations. I’ m glad that I could return home with delightful memories. The efforts of your warm-hearted staff to bring me a great beach vocation should be highly appreciated. Please convey my gratitude to your staff. Wish you a beautiful future. Sincerely yours, Li Ming

解析：本题要求写一封感谢信，此类信件的书写要注意以下三点：开头部分真诚致谢并简要说明理由；主体部分则需评述致谢对象及事情经过，表达自己的情感；结尾部分需给予对方希望与祝愿并再次致谢。注意表达感谢时要情真意切，不能过于夸张。

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1)interpret the chart, and 2)give your comments. You should write about 150

words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

正确答案： As is clearly reflected by the histogram, the chart records residents’ ways to access the Internet in a certain city, and the residents show totally different inclinations towards the issue of how to surf the web. Especially, in terms of using cellphones, they show the most obvious tendency that 70.6% of them prefer to surf the Internet with mobile phones. Theoretically, several reasons may trigger the trend that a majority of netizens are prone to use mobile phones to get on the Net, but from my standpoint, the following two are of great importance. First of all, cellphones are equipped with various functions, including surfing the Internet whenever and wherever possible, along with the development of technology. Secondly, it is acknowledged that cellphones are more portable than computers and notebooks, which allows us to take them along and use them unrestrictedly. All in all, with the advancement of technology, the way of surfing the web is becoming increasingly various. Each way should be respected. Meanwhile we shouldn’ t be addicted to surfing the web.

解析：本题是关于某市居民上网方式调查的柱状图。图表反映的是某市居民上网方式的选择差异。考生可分三段写作。第一段描述柱状图信息；第二段分析出现这种上网趋势的原因：第三段总结全文。文章布局不难，考生选词和遣句时要注意多样化。