【成功之路】2018-2019学年高中英语(译林版)必修3学案Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Task & Project

根据提示写出下列单词

1．________adj. 温柔的，平和的 2．________n. 结论；推论 3．________n. 风俗，习俗

4．________vt.&vi. 插嘴，打断，暂停 5．________n. 外观，外貌

6．________vt. 区分，辨别；使具有某种特征 7．________vt. 显示，表示；象征，暗示 8．________n. 缺点，短处 9．________adj. 方便的

10．________adj. 切实可行的，实用的 11．________vt. 使尴尬，使难堪 12．________adv. 向后；向反方向 13．________adj. 错误的；误解的 14．________vi. 相异，有区别 15．________n. 行为，行动

16．________vt.& vi. 打猎，猎杀；搜寻 17．________vt. 代表；展示，描绘 18．________vt. 简化

19．________vt.& vi. 组合；(使)联合

20．________vt. (被)压，挤，推，施加压力 n. 【答案】 1.gentle 2.conclusion 3.custom 4．interrupt 5.appearance 6.distinguish

报刊；新闻界；出版社

7．indicate 8.shortcoming 9.convenient 10．practical 11.embarrass 12.backwards 13．mistaken 14.differ 15.deed 16.hunt 17．represent 18.simplify 19.combine 20.press

根据提示补全下列短语

1．concentrate ______ 集中注意力于 2．make fun ______ 取笑 3．hold ______ 举起；延误 4．______conclusion 最后 5．______a word 总之，一句话 6．leave______ 遗漏；不考虑，忽视 7．ought ______ 应当，应该 8．differ ______ 和……不同，不同于 9．______a whole 作为整体，总体上 10．stand______ 代表，象征 11．instead ______ 代替，而不是 12．turn ______ 变成 13．think ______ 想到

14．______ the 1950s 二十世纪五十年代 15．as a result ______ 由于

【答案】 1.on 2.of 3.up 4.in 5.in 6.out 7.to 8.from 12.into 13．of 14.in 15.of

根据提示补全下列教材原句

1．When you are late for a small meeting，there is no need to say 9.as 10.forsorry’．

11.of‘当你参加一次小会议迟到时，没有必要说“抱歉”。

2．It seems that if people learn something about other cultures before they visit a new country, they will be less likely to upset others or be misunderstood.

看起来好像人们如果在参观一个新国家之前学习一些关于其他文化的知识，他们就几乎没有可能使别人恼火或不被人理解。

3．According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing.

根据古老的传说，是一个叫仓颉的人发明了汉字。 4．Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. 并不是所有的汉字都是用来描绘物体而发展的。

5．While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.

虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。

阅读P38教材课文，选择最佳答案

1．The main difference between the Chinese language and many Western languages should be that ________according to the passage.

A．Western languages are usually formed by combining and mixing many different languages from different countries

B．the characters the Chinese language uses have meanings and can work alone as words, while Western languages can't

C．the Chinese language has a longer history than Western languages D．the Chinese language is easier to be understood than the English language 2．From the story of Cang Jie we know the first Chinese characters were invented to represent ________.

A as

．

objects B．ide

C tures

．actions D．pic

3．The passage is mainly talking about ________. A．how the Chinese characters were invented B．how the Chinese characters have developed

C．how the Chinese characters have been influenced by Western languages D．how the simplified Chinese characters were introduced 【答案】 1－3 BAB

阅读P39教材课文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或

括号内单词的正确形式

Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of 1.______ injury, but he never gave 2.____ (he) up.When he was ten, he 3.______ (go) to a school for the blind in Paris，4.______ he could read some special books 5.______ blind people.6.____，the system of that time was not 7.______ (convenience) for use.In 1821, a soldier brought a new method, though it was too difficult to be of practical use.Braille got 8.______ (interest) in it and decided to improve it.At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six 9.______ (raise) dots 10.______ (represent) each letter.‘Braille’ was thus born.

【答案】 1.an 2.himself 3.went 4.where 5．for 6.However 7.convenient 8.interested 9．raised 10.representing

embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪

(教材P35)She is making fun of you and trying to embarrass you into trying harder.

她在取笑你，试图使你尴尬，使你更努力学习。

①(2015·福建高考·阅读理解E)Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves.

许多人担心健身房，因为他们感到失落，不想为难自己。

(1)embarrass sb.with sth. 因……使某人尴尬 (2)embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；尴尬的，不好意思的 feel/be embarrassed about/at 对……感到尴尬 embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的，使人难堪的 (3)embarrassment n. 困窘，尴尬 to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是

②Mr.Blake embarrassed me with the difficult question I could not answer. 布雷克先生问我不能回答的难题，使我很尴尬。

③Much to her embarrassment，she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.

她意识到大家一直在听她唱歌，感到很不好意思。 [语境助记]

She was embarrassed when they asked her the embarrassing question about her age.他们问她这个令人尴尬的年龄问题时，她感到难为情。

conclusion n．结论；推论

(教材P36)In conclusion，we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed.总之，我们需要了解一个国家的风土人情，这样我们才不会让别人尴尬或生气。

(1)in conclusion 最后，总之

arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论 make a conclusion 下结论 (2)conclude v. 总结，结束 conclude by/with 以……结束

conclude from 从……中得出；推断

①He has come to a conclusion that his future depends on himself alone. 他得出一个结论，自己的未来只能依靠自己。

②(2015·四川高考·阅读理解D)Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution，other research concluded(conclude) that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.尽管Dominoni博士仅研究光污染，不过其他调查研究证明，由于噪声大，生活在闹市的知更鸟夜晚开始鸣叫，以使人们听到。

【导学号：28820018】

interrupt vi.& vt.插嘴，打断，暂停

(教材P36)Saying‘sorry’ if we interrupt or disagree with someone also helps us to be polite.当我们打扰或不同意某人的看法时说声“对不起”也会使我们显得有礼貌。

(1)interrupt sb.(with sth.)(以……)打断某人 (2)interruption n. 打扰，插嘴 without interruption 连续的，不断的

①He was angry at being interrupted with such silly questions in his speech. 他对在他演讲时被这样愚蠢的问题打断而生气。 ②(朗文辞典)We can talk here without interruption. 我们在这儿谈话不会被打断。 [明辨异同] interrupt/disturb interrupt 作“打岔，打断，中断”解时，重在“断”字上，指“使中断，使暂停”。 作“打扰，妨碍，使不安”解时，重在“扰”字上，含有“困扰，使不安”之意。 disturb interrupt，disturb

③Her son's illness__________her，and she felt upset.

④I'm sorry to__________the meeting，but there is an urgent long-distance call. ⑤We________in the middle of our conversation. 【答案】 ③disturbed ④interrupt ⑤were interrupted ought to应当，应该

(教材P37)We also ought to show due respect for people older than us. 我们也应当向比我们年龄大的人表现出恰当的敬意。

(1)ought to后接动词不定式的完成时，表示对过去存在的某种可能性的推测，或指过去该做而未做的事情，意思是“早应该，本应该”。若是否定句，则表示发生了不该发生的事。

(2)ought to的否定形式是ought not to或oughtn't to。 (3)ought to的疑问式是将ought提到主语之前。

①(朗文辞典)What sort of crimes ought the police to concentrate on? 警方应当集中打击哪一类犯罪？

②We ought not (oughtn't) to cross the street against the red light. 我们不应该闯红灯过马路。

③I'm sorry.I ought to have_phoned(phone) to tell you I was coming. 对不起。我本应该先给你打个电话告诉你我要来。

(教材P38)The Chinese language differs from Western languages in

that，instead of an alphabet，it uses characters which stand_for ideas，objects or deeds.

汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体

或行为。

(1)differ vi.相异，有区别

(1)differ from...(in...)与……(在……)不一样 differ in 在……方面不同

differ (with sb.)on/about/over sth.(与某人)就某事意见不同 (2)difference n. 差异点， 不同之处

tell the difference between A and B 把A和B区分开来 make a difference 有影响， 起作用，重要 (3)different adj. 不同的， 各种各样的 be different from 与……不一样

①Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways. 世界上的事物千差万别。

②While the students came from different(differ) countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.

尽管学生们来自不同的国家，可是他们在夏令营相处得很好。

③He told us to consider the difference(differ) in the price“an early wedding present”．他告诉我们可以把房价的差价当作“提前的结婚礼物”。

(2)stand for代表，象征；主张，支持

stand by 袖手旁观，无动于衷；支持(某人) stand out 突出，显眼；出色，杰出 stand up for 支持，维护

stand up to 勇敢地面对；抵抗；经得起

④How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn't do? 你怎么能看到他被指责没做过的事而无动于衷呢？ ⑤We should stand up to any difficulty that may come to us. 我们应该勇敢地面对到来的任何困难。

⑥Red flags stand out brightly, setting against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的映衬下显得分外鲜艳。 represent vt.代表；展示，描绘

(教材P38)Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects.然后他有了一个主意：可以用不同的形状来代表不同的物体。

(1)represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明/阐述/表达某事 represent...as... 把……描绘成…… (2)representation n. 代理，代表；描绘

(3)representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的n. 代表，代理人

①(朗文辞典)The article represents the millionaire as a simple family man. 文章把这位百万富翁描述成一个简朴的居家男人。

②(牛津词典)The painting is not representative of his work of the period. 这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。 [明辨异同] represent/stand for represent 用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/等”，“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。 stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”。 represent，stand for

③“UFO” ____________ Unidentified Flying Objects. ④He ____________ the headmaster at the ceremony.

⑤John，____________ his family, went to the town to visit his aunt.

【导学号：28820019】

【答案】 ③stands for ④represented ⑤representing

as a whole 作为整体，总体上；一般地说

(教材P38)However，as a whole，the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.

然而，就其总体来说，汉字是从图画发展成标准形式的。

(1)on the whole (＝generally) 大体上，总的来说 (2)wholly adv. 完全地，整个地 (3)the whole of ……的全部

①On the whole we have the same opinions. 大体上我们的意见是一样的。

②I _wholly(whole) agree with you.我完全同意你的话。 [名师点津]

as a whole“作为一个整体；整体来说，总体上”，侧重于表示所有部分都已考虑；on the whole与generally同义，表示“大体上，总的来说”，多用来表示并非百分之百的意思。

turn into变成，成为

(教材P38)This became one mountaintop and three lines，and over time turned into the character used nowadays.接着又变为一座山峰和三根线条，最终才演化成了我们今天使用的汉字。

turn away 把……打发走；转身 turn down 降低，减弱，调低；拒绝 turn in 交还，上交 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭

turn out 证明是，结果是 turn to 向……求助；转向 turn up 找到，发现；(音量)调高

①Once he turned up thirty minutes late for a meeting! 曾经有一次他开会竟然迟到了30分钟！

②(2015·天津高考·单项填空)Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.

汤姆不得不拒绝上周末的晚会邀请，因为他太忙了。

③(2015·陕西高考·完形填空)I would excitedly turn the tap on and brush the comb carefully.

我很兴奋地把水龙头打开，仔细清洗着梳子。 combine vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合；使结合；兼备

(教材P38)Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.

有时为了表达想法的需要，通过把两个或更多的汉字联合起来而创造了一些汉字。

(1)combine A and/with B把A和B结合/联合/兼有 combine to do sth.联(结)合起来做某事 combine against ...为反抗……而联合

(2)combination n．[U]联合；结合；[C]混合体，结合体 a combination of一种……的结合 in combination with...与……联合起来

①A combination of factors led to her decision to quit.综合各种因素，之后她决定辞职。

②We consider it necessary to combine theory with/and practice. 我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。

distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征

(教材P38)It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’，which are opposites of each other.

这些汉字你只要看一眼它们的外形就很容易辨别出它们所要表达的意思，如互为反义词的两个汉字“上”和“下”就属于这种情况。

(1)distinguish between...and...区别/辨别……和……

distinguish...from... 使……有别于……， 具有区别于……的特征 distinguish oneself 引人注目，出名，表现突出 (2)distinguished adj. 受人尊敬的；杰出的；显著的 (3)distinguishable adj. 能分辨出来的，区别得出的

①It is hard for such a small boy to distinguish(the difference) between right and wrong.

对于这样小的一个男孩来说，区分对与错很困难。

②The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生儿长得很像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。

③(朗文辞典)He distinguished himself on several occasions in the civil war.他在内战中屡次表现突出。

convenient adj.方便的，便利的；合适的

(教材P39)The whole system was not convenient for use.整个体系用起来不方便。

(1)be convenient to/for 对于……是方便的

It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的 (2)convenience n. [U]便利，方便 [C]便利的事物 for convenience 为了方便起见 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候

①I'd like to see you when it is convenient for you. 在你方便的时候我想来看看你。

②Is_it_convenient for you to pay by credit card? 用信用卡付款你方便吗？

③(牛津词典)Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting? 你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？ [名师点津]

convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语。

[语境助记]

It's a great convenience to live here.At my convenience，I can visit some of my favorite museums.Shopping is convenient to/for my wife.It is convenient for my son to goto school, for his school is only two blocks away.If Sunday is convenient to/for you, be sure to come to get together.

住在这里真方便。我可以抽空去参观我所钟爱的几家博物馆。我妻子购物很方便。我儿子上学也很方便，因为距学校只有两个街区的距离。要是你周日有空，一定要来聚一聚。

Ⅰ.语境填词

1．It was ________ that she didn't tell us the truth.I came to the ________ that she was lying.(conclude)

2．Yesterday the old lady ________ me for her daughter.That means I was ________ for her daughter.In fact she often makes the same ____.(mistake)

3．From the appearance, we can not tell the ______ between the twins, though they always have some ________ ideas.As we know, ideas ________ among people.(differ)

4．My house is ____________ located just off the main road.It's _____________ for you to drop in.Please come at your _______________.(convenient)

5．The boy asked me an ____________ question this morning.In other words，the question __________ me so much that I was ____________ at that time.(embarrass)

【答案】 1.concluded；conclusion 2.mistook；mistaken；mistake 3.differences；different；differ 4.conveniently；convenient；convenience 5．embarrassing；embarrassed；embarrassed

Ⅱ.选词填空

concentrate on，stand for，ought to，as a whole，turn into，in conclusion，leave out，differ from

1．____________， the weather has been fine this month.

2．______________， I'd like to thank you for your coming to the meeting. 3．You should ______________ the road when you're driving. 4．EU ________________________ the European Union. 5．The printer has ______________ two lines from this paragraph. 【答案】 1.As a whole 2.In conclusion 3．concentrate on 4.stands for 5.left out

(教材P32)When you are late for a small meeting，there is no need to say‘sorry’．

当你参加一次小会议迟到时，没有必要说“抱歉”。

【要点提炼】 句中there is no need to do sth.表示“没有必要做某事”。

(1)There is a (great，etc.) need for...有必要……

There is a (great，etc.) need for sb.to do... 某人有必要做…… (2)There is no difficulty in doing sth. 做某事没有困难 There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义 There is no hurry to do sth. 不用急于做某事

There is no possibility to do/that... ……是不可能的 There is no doubt that ... ……是毫无疑问的

①You don't take advice，so there is no point in asking for it. 你不听劝说因此征求别人的意见也就没有什么意义了。 ②(牛津词典)There is an urgent need for qualified teachers. 迫切需要合格教师。

③The light was failing，but there was no difficulty in recognizing(recognize) her.

路灯很暗，但是不难看出是她。

(教材P38)Not_all characters were developed from drawings of objects.并

不是所有的汉字都是用来描绘物体而发展的。

【要点提炼】 句中not all characters“并不是所有汉字”，在此处表示部分否定。

(1)英语中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，complete，completely，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。

(2)如果要表示全部否定就要用none, no, neither等表示全部否定意义的词。

①Not all of them know the answer. ＝All of them don't know the answer. 并不是他们中所有的人都知道答案。 ②Not both of them are doctors. ＝Both of them are not doctors. 他们两个并非都是医生。

③Neither of them are doctors.他俩都不是医生。

(教材P39)While the students found the soldier's idea interesting，the

system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use.虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非

常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。

【要点提炼】 句中be of practical use属于“(be＋)of＋n.(抽象名词)”结构。

(1)“be of＋名词”结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用名词有

use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。

(2)“be of＋名词”结构中的名词表示种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常带有冠词。常用名词有

size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight/age/shape/colour等。

①The book will be of great value to students of history. 这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。

②The two boys are of_the_same_age，but are of different heights. 这两个男孩年龄相同，但身高不同。 [名师点津]

“of＋抽象名词”结构中，抽象名词前可用any，some，little，no，not much，great等形容词修饰，用以说明其程度；“of＋名词(表示度量、大小、颜色、类别等)”结构中，名词前常用a(n)，the same，this，that，all，different等词修饰或说明。

句型转换(每空一词)

1．All men here were not honest.

→________ ________ men here were honest. 2．Both of the brothers don't like the film. →________ ________ of the brothers like the film. 3．You need not shout because I can hear you clearly.

→______ ______ ______ ______ for you to shout because I can hear you clearly.

4．The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.

→The meeting to be held tomorrow ________ ________ ________ ________. 5．Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.

【导学号：28820020】

→________ that is best for nature ________ ________ good for people. 【答案】 1.Not all 2.Not both 3.There is no need 4.is of great importance 5.Everything；is not

如何写调查报告

调查报告属于应用文。调查报告的命题形式一般提供图(graph)或表(table)，表格一般多为数据表，而图一般为柱状图(bar graph)、曲线图(line graph)、圆形图(circular graph)、饼形图(pie graph)或百分比图(percentage graph)等。

考生需要正确读取图表数据，同时，围绕题目中心对所给材料进行分析、判断、归纳，有时还需要揭示其规律，找出解决问题的对策。然后用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。

调查报告主要分为以下四部分：第一部分应阐述报告的目的，即介绍报告的主题。第二部分要罗列已经完成的以及怎样完成的工作，即简述获得信息的途径或方法。第三部分要说明主要的发现。第四部分应说明主要结论，同时概括主要的建议和意见，也就是发表自己的观点。

[亮点句式]

1．Recently，a survey has been done to find out ...In this survey...were interviewed.They were asked...

2．Recently, we've conducted a survey to learn about ...In this survey...were interviewed about...

3．We made/did/carried out a survey on...among...people.

4．From the graph/table/diagram/chart above, we can see obviously that... 5．According to a survey...

6．I've made a survey and find that... 7．A recent study shows that... 8．The survey shows(that)．.. 9．From/According to the survey...

10．It can be seen from the figures/statistics... 11．We can see from the figures/statistics...

12．It is clear/apparent from the figures/statistics... 13．We can draw the conclusion that... 14．We can learn/know...

15．From the changes in the charts, we can predict that...

[写作任务]

目前，针对学生的零用钱(pocket money)的消费方向，你对你们市某中学的高中和初中的部分学生进行了问卷调查，得出数据如下表，现请你用英文写一篇调查报告，并发表一下自己的看法。

注意：1.报告不必一一列举具体数字，只要抓住主要问题和数据说明问题即可。

2．词数：100左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Recently a survey has been done to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money.

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [审题谋篇] 体裁 话题 时态 人称 [遣词造句] Ⅰ.词汇

1．另一方面 ___________

2．在……上浪费钱 ____________ 3．对……有害 ____________ 4．导致 ____________ 5．另外 ____________

【答案】 1.on the other side/hand 2.waste money in 3.do harm to/be harmful to 4.result in/lead to 5．in addition/besides/furthermore

Ⅱ.句式

1．Only 32% of juniors will spend their pocket money on books.Over a half buy snacks and 46% spend on playing games.(用while合并为一句)

__________________________________________________________ 2．Too many snacks will make us put on weight.Too many snacks do harm to our health.(用not only...but also合并为一句)

__________________________________________________________ 3．If we play games without limits，we'll lose much precious time.This results in low grades.(用非性定语从句合并为一句)

__________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.Only 32% of juniors will spend their pocket money on books while over a half buy snacks and 46% spend on playing games.

2．Too many snacks will not only make us put on weight but also do harm to our health.

调查报告 学生零花钱的消费方向问题 一般现在时 第三人称 3．If we play games without limits，we'll lose much precious time，which results in low grades.

[妙笔成篇]

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】

Recently_a_survey_has_been_done_to_find_out_how_middle_school_students_spend_their_pocket_money.In this survey，both junior students and senior students spend most of their money on books，snacks and playing games，and still some money goes to clothes，banks，sports and so on.The survey shows that about 46% of seniors prefer books to snacks (37%) and playing games (31%)．On the other hand，only 32% of juniors will spend their pocket money on books，while over a half buy snacks and 46% spend on playing games.Both seniors and juniors would not waste too much money in clothes or put it in banks.

In my opinion，too many snacks will not only make us put on weight but also do harm to our health.In addition，if we play games without limits，we'll lose much precious time，which results in low grades.Furthermore，the money is hard-earned.I hope we students value our money as well as our time.