新视野大学英语读写2 重点词汇1-9

1. budget

vt. 为…做预算，编制预算

The government has budgeted ￡10，000，000 for education spending. 将100万英镑编入教育预算。 vi. (为特定的目的)节省或用钱

We have to budget for the coming year now. 我们现在就得为明年做预算。 n.[C,U]预算

The chancellor’s budget must be approved by Parliament. 首相的预算必须得到议会的批准。 a.便宜的，廉价的

Budget dresses are on sale.

【考点】1）budget 用作动词时，通常与for 连用，构成 budget sth. for sth. 或budget for sth. 结构。例句如上。

2）常用短语：balance one’s budget 量入为出，平衡预算；with/below budget 在预算内，低于预算；budget account预算账户

【记忆技巧】 budgetary a.预算的；budgeteer ,budgeter n.编预算的人 2. interaction

n.[C,U] 交流；相互作用，相互影响，合作

This is called interaction of electrons.这就叫电子的相互作用。

The teacher noticed the interaction between students and teachers. 那位教师注意到了师生间的相互影响。

【考点】1)interaction 常与among/between sb./sth. 连用，例句如上

2）interaction 还可以与with sb./sth. 连用，如：interaction with each other at parties 聚

会中的互相交往

【记忆技巧】interact v.相互作用，相互影响，互相合作；interactive a.(指至少两个人或物)一起活动或互相合作的，交互式的 3. assess vt.估价，评价

It’s difficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet. 还很难评价新法规的影响。 【考点】assess常用于assess sth. at sth. 或assess sth. as sth. 结构中，如：

They assess the value of the house at over ＄250，000. 他们估计房价超过25万美元。 I’d assess your chances as extremely low. 我估计你成功的机会渺茫。

【记忆技巧】assessable a. 可估价的，可估计的；assessment n.估价，评价，估价法，估计法；assessor n. 估计财产的人，技术顾问，助理 4. conduct

vt. （1）进行，指导，管理

She was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign. 她被委派主持宣传活动。 （2）传导（电、热等）

Copper conducts electricity better than other material do. 铜的导电性比其他的材料好。

n.[U] 行为，品行

I’m sorry to see your bad conduct at school. 看到你在学校的糟糕表现，我感到十分遗憾。

【考点】1）conduct oneself (well,badly ect.)(行为) 表现，如：

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How did the prisoner conduct himself? 那犯人表现如何？

2）conduct 为不可数名词，做主语时，要用单数形式的谓语动词，如： All his conduct is far from satisfactory. 5. obtain

vt. 取得，获得，买到，借到

We wished to obtain first-hand information. 我们希望能获得第一手资料。 I haven’t been able to obtain that record anywhere , can you obtain it for me? 我到处都弄不到那张唱片，你能替我弄到吗？

【考点】obtain sth. for sb. 为某人弄到某物，例句如上。

【记忆技巧】 obtainable a. 可获得的，可取得的，可买到的；obtainment n.获得 6. competent

a.(指人)有能力（技术、知识）的，能干的，胜利的

He’s a highly competent driver. 他是个技术高超的司机。

【考点】1）competent常与介词as连用，表示能胜任某一职位，如： Is she competent as a teacher?她是一个能干的老师吗？ 2）与分词for 连用，表示有资格做…，如：

He is competent for teaching English.他能胜任英语教学工作。 3）与介词at/in连用，表示在某些方面胜任，如： He’s not competent at/in his work. 他不胜任的工作。 4）与不定式连用，表示有能力做，如：

He was not competent to look after young children.他没有看小孩的本事。

【记忆技巧】competent n.能力，胜任； competent ad.能干地，有能力地，能胜任地 【辨析】 competent 和 qualified ,两者均有“（能）胜任的”之意。

competent 有能力的，能干的，能胜任的。指有做某事的一般能力。例句如上。

qualified胜任的，合格的。主要指后天习得的技能，经过一定的教育或者训练而能够胜任某项工作，如：

He is well qualified to do the job.他完全胜任那项工作。 7. fulfill

vt.(1) 履行，执行，完成

If you make a promise , you should fulfill it. 如果你做出承诺，你就要兑现。 （2）满足，与…相符

The traveling library fulfills an important need for people who live far from the town. 流动图书馆满足了远离城镇的具名的一项重要需求。

Does your job fulfill your expectations? 你对你的工作满意吗？ 【考点】 fulfill oneself 充分发挥自己的能力和性格，如：

He was able to fulfill himself through music. 他通过音乐能充分发挥自己的才能。 【记忆技巧】fulfilled a.满意的，满足的，十分愉快的；fulfillment n.满足，满意 8. result in 致使，导致，造成…的结果

The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles. 谈判导致导弹数量减少。

【用法】1）当result表示（因而）发生，产生，出现时，与介词from连用，如： Any damage resulting from negligence

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must be paid for by the borrower.因疏忽引起的任何损坏应由借用者负责赔偿。

2）result作为名词，用于些列词组中：as a result作为结果，因此；as a result of 由于，作为…结果；with the result that 因此；without result毫无结果地 9. nothing but 只有，除…以外什么也不

Don’t worry for my illness;what I need is nothing but a few day’s rest.不用担心我的病，我只要稍微休息几天就会好的。 Nothing but a miracle can save her. 只有奇迹能挽救她。

【用法】1）nothing but + n.做主语时，无论后面的名词为单数还是复数，谓语动词都是单数形式，如：Nothing but doubts prevents you from succeeding.仅仅是疑虑就会阻止你成功。

2）注重区分anything but 与nothing but的含义和用法。anything but 意为 “绝不”。 10. amount for 解释，说明

His illness accounts for his absence.因为生病，所以他缺席。 【用法】1）account to sb.for sth.对某人解释某事，如：

You should have to account to me for this. 你必须把这件事情给我解释清楚。

2）account for sb./sth..摧毁某物，杀死某人，如：

Our anti-aircraft guns accounted for five enemy bombers. 我军高射炮击落五架敌军轰炸机。 同步训练

1．The education B for the coming year is about ＄4 billion,which is much more than what people expected.

A allowance B budget C reservation D finance 2．The court is not A hear your case.

A competent to B competent for C capable of D able to 3．Copper D electricity.

A cracks B equips C strikes D conducts

4．The police C the evidence by legal means that George murdered his wife. A achieve B gains C obtained D plain

5．After listening to his speech for 3 hours , the audience became A . A restless B excited C fascinated D enthusiastic

6．The pain in his back C from a fall several years ago. A terminates B ends C results D is due 7．He is C our praise.

A worth B worthy C worthy of D worth of

8．The government C the diplomatic note from Japan for its unclear attitude to the trade between countries.

A denied B refused C rejected D objected

9．The television interviewer A the Foreign Minister to comment on the current affairs.

A invited B request formally C demanded D ordered 10．I’m not really D with the taxation laws here. A known B friendly C common D familiar

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Handout 2：Words Study for Unit 2

1. pat vt. Touch sb. or sth. Lightly and repeatedly with a flat hand 轻拍

Linda patted her hair to be sure it was neat. 琳达拍了拍头发，把头发弄得整整齐齐。 The teacher patted him on the shoulder/ patted his shoulder and encouraged him. 老师拍拍他的肩膀，给他鼓励。

n. [C] a light friendly touch with the flat hand 轻拍

The nurse gave the little girl a pat. 护士轻轻拍了一下小女孩。

【习惯用语】pat sb. on the back 轻拍某人的背; 恭维, 赞美；a pat on the back [口]赞扬或鼓励的表示

My wife received a pat on the back for doing a good job. 我妻子工作干得出色而得到赞扬。 2. amateur adj. doing sth. just for pleasure; not professional 业余的 He is an amateur photographer. 他是个业余摄影爱好者。

An amateur painter/ performance/dramatic club 业余画家/演出/剧社 n. sb. who does sth. just for pleasure 业余爱好者

Although he's only an amateur, he's a first-class player. 虽然他只是个业余爱好者,但却是一流的高手。

The young politician is an amateur at manipulating public opinion. 那个年轻政客在操纵方面是个外行。

【反义词】professional adj. 专业的，职业的;

a professional field such as law;专业领域，如法律; professional ethics 职业道德; amateur and professional actors 业余和专业演员; professional football职业足球

n. 专业人员，行家

I would like to hire a professional to decorate the house. 我想雇一名专业装饰工来装修房子。

3. gratitude n. the state of being grateful; 感激，谢意

【习惯用语】(1) express one's gratitude to sb. for sth. 为某事对某人表示感谢 We can hardly express our gratitude to you for your timely help. 对于你们的及时帮助，我们很难表达我们的感激之情。 (2)with gratitude 怀着感激的心情

My family watched Moving China 2008 with gratitude and admiration. 我们全家人怀着感激和崇拜的心情看完了感动中国2008. (3)out of gratitude 出于感激

Do you agree that patients send under-table money to their doctors out of gratitude? 你赞成病人是出于感激给他们的医生送红包吗？ 【同义词】appreciation，thankfulness 4. fatigue vt. Make sb. feel tired 使疲劳

My new job really fatigued me during the first two months. 最初两个月，我的新工作真的使我感到非常疲劳。

\"A short journey like that could not fatigue her, and might distract her thoughts.\" “那样短短的旅途不会太疲乏，也许可以叫她散散心。”

The excessive exercises fatigued her before Beijing Olympic Games diving trials. 北京奥林匹克跳水选拔赛之前的过度操练使她感到很疲乏。

vi. feel tired 疲劳 The patient fatigues easily. 病人容易疲劳。

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n. [U] great tiredness 疲乏，疲劳

Her initial symptoms were suspicious-loss of appetite and general fatigue. 她最初的症状很值得怀疑：食欲减退、周身乏力。

He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue. 他虽然疲倦极了,可是仍然坚持工作。

5. indifferent adj. （1）（to）not interested in; not caring 漠不关心的，冷漠的

We cannot be indifferent to the sufferings of others. 我们不能对别人遭受的痛苦漠然处之。 I am indifferent to their arguments. 我对他们的争论毫不关心。

（2）Characterized by a lack of partiality; unbiased中立的，公正的 Remember to remain indifferent in the dispute. 记住要在这场争论中保持中立。 （3）Being neither good nor bad 一般的，平凡的 an indifferent performance 一场平庸的表演

（4）Not active or involved（物理）惰性的 an indifferent chemical in a reaction反应中不活跃的化学成分 词形变换：indifference n. 冷淡，不关心

His indifference really irritated me. 他这么漠不关心，真叫我恼火。

I sat by the road and eyed the passing crowd with indifference. 我坐在路边，漠然地看着过往人群。

6. rebel vi. （1）(against) Fight against sb. in authority or against an idea or situation 造反，

反叛，反抗

Migrant workers should learn to use law to protest themselves and rebel against the exploitation from their bosses.

农民工应该学会使用法律来保护自己，反抗老板的剥削。

Protestors from the People's Alliance for Democracy launched large-scale demonstrations and rebelled against Thai government since August 2008. 2008年8月以来，来自民盟的者举行大规模示威，反对泰国。

（2）（at）To feel or express strong unwillingness反感

She rebelled at the unwelcome suggestion. 她对这讨厌的建议感到反感。 Husbands rebel at their nagging wives. 丈夫们反感爱唠叨的妻子。 n. (C) a person who rebels 造反者，反叛者，反抗者

adj. 造反的; 反叛的 the rebel army 叛军

词形变换：rebellious adj. 反叛的，反抗的 rebellion n. 反叛，反抗，叛乱 7. assert vt.（1）state or declare firmly 断言，声称

The lawyers asserted that their client was not guilty. 律师们辩称他们的诉讼委托人是无辜的。

The old man asserted that the girl had stolen his wallet. 老人坚持说那个女孩偷了他的钱包。

【习惯用语】assert oneself 坚持己见

I had to assert myself in the meeting in order to ensure acquisition of the new book. 我在会上不得不坚持自己观点以保证得到那本新书。

（2）to defend or maintain 维护，坚持（如自己的权利） Women should assert their rights more! 妇女应该继续维护她们的权利。

We should know how to assert national independence. 我们应该懂得如何维护民族。

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词形变换：asserted adj. 宣称的（尚待证实的） the asserted value of a painting 一幅画的所谓价值

assertion n. 主张，断言，声明 stand to one's assertion 坚持已见 8. swear v. make a promise to do sth. 发誓，宣誓（swore，sworn）

I swear that I would never let the secret out. 我发誓永远不会泄漏这个秘密。 He swore to speak the truth. 他发誓要说实话。

The young man swore on his honor that he would be loyal to his wife forever. 年轻人以自己的名誉发誓他会永远忠实于他的妻子。 vi．curse 咒骂 （at）

Lisa asked her husband to stop swearing in front of the kids. 丽莎要她的丈夫不要在孩子们面前说脏话。

The woman swore at the waiter after he spilt coffee onto her skirt. 服务员把咖啡溅到了那个女人的裙子上，她狠狠地骂了他。 【习惯用语】swear black is white颠倒黑白, 不惜一切, 不择手段

Don't believe a word that man tells you. He'd swear black was white if he thought it was to his advantage.

别相信那人的话。只要对他有利，他能硬把黑的说成白的。

She wants that job very much, and she'll swear back is white to get it. 她非常想得到那份工作，因此她会不择手段地去得到它。

9. persist v. （in, with）continue to do sth. in spite of opposition or warning 坚持

We should persist in the mass line. 我们应坚持群众路线。

He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle. 他执意要骑那辆破自行车。

If you persist in being late for work, you will be fired. 如果你老是上班迟到，你会被开除的。

vi．Continue to exist 持续存在或发生

I wonder how long the problems will persist. 我们想知道这些问题多久才能解决。 The drought will persist all over the country. 恶劣的天气将在全国范围持续一段时间。

词形变换：persistence n. 坚持，持续，毅力

By persistence many countries won freedom. 通过坚持不懈的努力，许多国家赢得了自由。

Great persistence is necessary for success. 坚忍不拔是成功所必需的。

persistent adj. 坚持的，持久的 persistent effort 坚持不懈的努力 10. rank vi. Have a particular position in a list of people or things 位于…等级（或地位）

This small city ranks high among tourist spots. 这座小城市在旅游景点中享有盛名。

In Beijing the Chinese team got 51 gold medals, ranking first of all the competing countries. 在北京奥运会上，中国队共获51枚金牌，列所有参赛国家的第一位。

vt. Decide the position of sb. or sth. based on importance or quality 排列

The owner of the bookstore was ranking books on the shelf. 店主正在排列架子上的书。 I rank all other American Presidents below George Washington. 美国历届总统中，我将约翰华盛顿总统列为第一。

n. [C,U] the position or level that sb. holds in an organization; one’s social position 职位，社会地位

My cousin was just promoted to the rank of captain. 我表哥刚晋升到上尉。

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Macaulay had wealth and fame, rank and power, and yet he tells us in his biography that he owed the happiest hours of his life to books. 麦考莱拥有财富和名声、地位和权力，然而他在传记里告诉我们他一生中最快乐的时光就是与书为伴。 词形变换：ranking n. 排名，级别

What is his actual ranking in all the applicants? 他在所有申请人当中的排名如何？

Some high-ranking officers plotted to overturn the government. 有几名高级军官策划推翻。 Vocabulary

1. Premier Wen _______C_________ to comfort her. A. patted the little girl on her head B. gave the little girl a patting on the head C. patted the little girl on the head D. gave the little girl a pat on her head

2. The football player is a gifted ____D____, not a ________, because he hasn’t received any

special training.

A. professional vocational B. amateur occupational C. vocational amateur D.

amateur professional

3. The woman expressed her ____B_____ to the policeman who had saved her life just now. A. grateful B. gratitude C. emotion D. passion

4. After the whole day’s house chores, my mother suffered from ___C____. A. tired B. exhaust C. fatigue D. weary

5. He was _____B______ to all the things around him after falling out of love. A. unconcerned B. indifferent C. incurious D. uninterested

6. an separatists have made every attempt to ___D_____ Chinese government.

A. rebel to B. rebel at C. rebel for D. rebel against 7. Every citizen should know how to ___A____ his legal rights. A. assert B. declare C. affirm D. confirm

8. He _____A______ all the angels and saints of heaven that he had told the truth. A. swore by B. swore at C. swore against D. swore 9. I wish the good weather could ____C_____ another two weeks. A. insist B. consist C. persist D. assist

10. I will try my best to _____B____ first in the next oral English contest. A. range B. rank C. line D. row

Handout 3: Words Study for Unit 3

1. compromise n. v.

(1) C, U an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥协；折中; 折衷事物 e.g.make compromise with 与...妥协

e.g.compromise of principle 原则上的让步

e.g.He did it without compromise of his dignity. 他做这事而不损及他的尊严。

e.g. It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today's talk. 希望今天的会谈能达成妥协。 翻译:经过几个小时的讨论，他们达成了妥协。

They managed to reach a compromise after several hours of discussion. 这个不协调的设计是高科技与早期美式建筑折衷的产物

The incongruous design is a compromise between high tech and early American.

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(2) v. reach an agreement by making a compromise 妥协；折中 Compromise with sb on/over sth, compromise at 价格数字

e.g.The workers are going to strike for their welfare if the employers are not ready to compromise. 雇主们要是不妥协，工人们就将为争取自己的福利而罢工。

e.g.Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so let's compromise at $350.

好吧，既然你开价400美元而我还价300美元，那我们就来个折衷价350美元。 翻译: 与其他党派领导人就下届大选日期达成了妥协。

The government has compromised with other party leaders over the date of the next general election.

派生词: Compromising adj 妥协的，折中的 2. compatible a.

（1）. (of people) able to have a good relationship because of similar opinions or interests 合得来的；情投意合的

e.g.The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因合不来而分手了。 翻译: 在你们合住之前你先要确定是否能和他和睦相处。

Make sure you're compatible with him before you start sharing a house. （2）. (of equipment) able to be used together 兼容的；配套的, 与...不矛盾的， 一致的（with） be compatible with与...相适应， 不矛盾， 一致， 相似

e.g .The computer program isn't compatible with this operating system. 计算机程序与这套操作系统不兼容。

翻译: 这台打印机能与大多数计算机配套使用。 The printer is compatible with most computers. 派生词: incompatible a.not compatible 合不来的；不兼容的

e.g .I have never seen such an incompatible couple. 我从未见过这么合不来的夫妻。 3. overlook vt.

(1) not notice sth., ignore sth 没注意到；忽略

e.g He overlooked a spelling mistake on the first page. 他没有注意到第一页上的一处拼写错误。

e.g .I overlooked this problem and have to deal with it now. 我之前忽视了这个问题，现在必须要着手解决它。

(2) have a view of a place from above 俯视；眺望

e.g Her bedroom has large windows overlooking a lake. 她卧室的几扇大窗户正对着湖面。 overlook a valley from a hill 从山上俯视山谷 a tower overlooking the city 俯瞰全市的塔楼

overlook the accounts 检查帐目 overlook a fault 宽容过失

(3) n.疏忽, 眺望; 视察; 俯瞰中的景色; 了望四周的高地 e.g It was a slight overlook on my part. 这是我的一个小疏忽。

e.g There are plenty of overlooks and trails. 有许多可供俯瞰之处和小径。 派生词: overlooker n. 监工, 工头

Overlook=over-上+look看，→由上往下看 翻译: 我租了一间能俯视公园的房子。 I rented a room overlooking the Central Park. 4. resistance n.

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(1) [sing., U] refusal to accept sth. 抵制；反对

e.g The idea met with some resistance. 那个意见遭到了一些反对。 翻译: 对欧洲统一的想法存在许多反对意见。

There's a lot of resistance to the idea of a united Europe.

(2) [sing., U] the use of force to act against sb. or sth. 抵抗；对抗 e.g .They put up a passive resistance. 他们进行着消极的抵抗。 良好的日常饮食可增强身体的抗病能力。

break down the enemy's resistance 粉碎敌人的抵抗

翻译: A good diet helps the body to build up resistance to disease. 派生词:resistant adj.（形容词）抵抗的; 反抗的; 耐久的; 5. prejudice n. vt

(1)[C] an opinion or dislike of sb. or sth. that is not based on reason 偏见；成见 e.g .She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见。 e.g . social prejudice 社会偏见

翻译: 他对所有的外国人都有偏见。 He has a prejudice against all foreigners. (2) 损害, 伤害

e.g . I will do nothing to the prejudice of my friend in this matter. 我在此事上不会伤害我的朋友。

(3) vt. 使抱偏见, 使怀成见

e.g .be prejudiced against [in favour of] a person 对某人有反感[好感]

e.g .These facts prejudiced them against her. 这些事实促使他们对她有偏见。

e.g .His honesty and sincerity prejudiced us in his favour. 他的真诚使 我们对他产生好感。 短语: in [to the] prejudice (of) 不利于, 有损于 without prejudice (to) 无损于, 无害于, 不影响 prejudice sb. against 使某人对...产生偏见

prejudice sb.in favour of 使某人对...产生好感 6. confirm

(1).vt. prove that sth. is true 证实；证明；确定

e.g .The announcements confirmed that the election would take place on June 20. 公告证实选举将于6月20日举行。 短语:confirm a theory证实一种理论

confirm one's belief坚定信念

confirm a contract签合同， 批准合同

(2) v. make a plan, meeting, etc. certain, esp. by telephone or writing 确认

e.g .a note asking us to confirm when we would be arriving 要求我们确定何时抵达的便条 翻译:我预订了7月1日一间双人房，想确认一下。

I'd like to confirm a reservation for a double room on the first of July. 派生词: confirmable adj. 可确定的， 能证实的； 可批准的

confirmation n. 证实, 确认, 批准 e.g .in confirmation of 以（便）证实...

7. suspect

(1) vt.. think that sth. is probably true 怀疑,猜想

e.g .Most people don't, I suspect, realize this. 我怀疑大部分人没有意识到这一点。

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e.g .suspect him to be ill 猜想他病了

e.g .suspect sb. of giving false information 怀疑某人提供假情报 e.g . suspect sb. of a crime怀疑某人犯罪 翻译: 怀疑她犯了谋杀罪 The police suspect her of murder. (2) n.[C] sb. who is thought to be guilty of a crime 嫌疑犯

The police have caught two suspects in connection with the bank robbery. 警方逮捕了两名涉嫌银行抢劫案的嫌疑犯。

Last week police finally had a suspect for the murder. 上星期警方终于查出那起谋杀案的一名嫌疑犯。

(3)adj. 令人怀疑的, 不可信的, 可疑的 e.g .a suspect policeman; suspect motives. 可疑的；令人怀疑的动机 8. hesitate

vi. be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑e.g .He hesitated before he spoke, as if he wasn't sure how his words would be received. 他在开口前犹豫了一会，好像不确定人们对他的话会有什么样的反应。 e.g .hesitate at nothing 毫不犹豫地做某事

翻译:如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。

In case you need something, please don't hesitate to ask me. e.g .He who hesitates is lost. [谚]当断不断, 必受其患。 e.g .Embarrassment caused me to hesitate. 窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。 （2）vt. 用犹疑的态度表示

e.g .I choose rather to hesitate my opinion than to assert it roundly. 我宁可犹疑地表示我的意见而不愿直率地断言这件事。 9. proceed

vi. go to a further or the next stage; go on 继续进行 proceed to do sth

e.g proceed from the out side to the inside由表及里 proceed to Beijing去北京

proceed to the next business着手另一工作

proceed from objective realities从客观实际出发 proceed to take off one's coat开始脱衣服

proceed to the degree of M.A.得文学硕士学位

The talks proceeded in a friendly atmosphere.会谈是在友好的气氛中进行的 。 The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。 翻译:现在讨论下一个问题。 Let's proceed to the next question. 10. resolve vt.

(1). solve a problem or difficulty 解决；解除

We need to resolve this difference quickly. 我们需要很快解决这场争端。 (2). make a definite decision to do sth. 决定；决心 resolve on/upon doing sth

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e.g She resolved on making an early start. 她决定早早出发。 resolve to do sth

e.g The company resolved to take further action against thieves.公司决定采取进一步的防盗措施。

The assembly resolved that ... 大会决议...。 翻译: 她打定主意再也不同他讲话了。

She resolved that she would never speak to him again. The discussion resolved itself into an argument. 讨论到后来变成了争论。

(3) n. 决心[意], 坚定[决], 刚毅; [美]决议 e.g a man of resolve 刚毅的人 e.g keep one's resolve 坚持

e.g make a resolve to do sth. 决心做某事

Exercises:

1. e.g The beach house had a balcony that B the sea. A. claimed B. overlooked C. requested D. outlooked

2. The couple C their differences and made an effort to get along. A. substituted B. suggested C. resolved D. suspected

3. Having said how much she liked it, she then A to make critical comments about the way I'd done it.

A. proceeded B. appreciated C. approved D. remarked 4. I should not __A_____ to cancel my plan. A. hesitate B. protect C. resolve D. pollute

5. The anti-virus software is C with my computer system. A. obvious B. comfortable C. incompatible D. probable 6. He couldn't have A that she was lying to him. A. suspected B. attracted C. addicted D. admited

7. Everything you have just said D the view that nobody can be trusted. A. composed B. conscious C. confessed D. confirms

8. Many female college graduates are held back from some job opportunities by C . A. model B. punishment C. prejudice D. achievement

9. She found that C was always the best way when she quarreled with her mother. A. composer B. desire C. compromise D. designers

10. Our army tried their best to break down the enemy's C . A. label B. attachment C. resistance D. remains

Handout 6: Words Study for Unit Six

1. application n.

(1) A formal request正式申请

e.g. an application for a job 求职书 application for insurance 投保单 翻译: 失业的工程师一连写了十几份求职信,但一无所获。

The unemployed engineer wrote a dozen applications for jobs but got nothing. (2) The act of applying 应用

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翻译: 把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上,通常可以提高效率。

The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.

(3) Close attention; diligence勤勉；专心

e.g. He worked with great application. 他工作非常勤奋。 apply v.

短语: apply for 申请 e.g. 我想申请这项工作。I want to apply for the job.

apply oneself to/ apply one's mind to 致力于

e.g. Students should apply themselves to their study.学生们应该专心致志地学习。 apply sth. to/ be -lied to适用于, 应用于

e.g. A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。 翻译: 这规则并不适用于所有的情况。The rule cannot be applied to every case.

2. substitute

n. a replacement代替物

e.g. Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.

幻想的意义并不仅仅在于作为失意的现实的替代物 vt. To take the place of another代替

e.g. He substitutes as our teacher of English. 他代任我们的英语教师. 短语: substitute for 代替...

e.g. He substituted for the typist during her absence. 打字员不在时由他代替. 翻译:我们不能用个人情感来代替法律。

We should not substitute our personal feelings for the law. 派生词: substitution n.代替 e.g. substitution of tea for coffee 用茶代替咖啡

3. approval n.

(1) commendation赞成

翻译: 他努力学习想赢得老师的赞扬。He studied hard to win his teacher’s approval. (2) official permission 批准

翻译: 在这个州17岁的少年必须有父母的同意才能获得驾驶执照。

In this state, parental approval is necessary before a seventeen-year-old teenager can obtain a driver’s license. 短语:on approval供试用的（不满意可退货）e.g. She took the dress on approval.她试穿裙子 approve v.

(1) agree with sth. (常与of连用)赞成

e.g. I don't approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。 (2) get the permission批准

e.g. Congress approved the national budget. 国会批准了国家预算。 派生词: disapprove v.不赞成 disapproval n. 不赞成 翻译: 动物保护主义者不赞成用动物做试验

Animal conservationists disapprove of experimenting on animals. disapproval n.不赞成

翻译:他不以为然地注视着我。He looked at me with disapproval.

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4. reserve

n. (1) the quality of self-control 克制

翻译: 缄默的人很少显露激情。A man of reserve seldom shows emotion. (2) sth. saved for use储备物

e.g. The American government has to draw on the reserve to deal with the economic crisis.

美国不得不动用储备金来应对经济危机。

翻译: 需要时，你可以动用储备金。When you’re in need, you can use the reserve. 短语: without reserve无保留地；无条件地

e.g. I believe your story without reserve. 我毫无保留地相信你说的。 vt. (1) to keep back for future usage收藏保留

e.g. Reserve your strength for the climb. 为登山储备好力量。 (2) to book a place in advance预订

翻译: 我已在旅馆为你预订了一个房间。I have reserved a room for you at the hotel. (3) To keep or secure for someone保留

e.g. The first three rows are reserved for foreign guests.前三排留作外宾席。 派生词: reserved a. 保留的 e.g. 预定的座位 reserved seats

5. refine vt.

(1) make sb. become more elegant 使文雅

翻译: 读好书使人言谈文雅。Reading good books helps to refine one's speech. (2) make a substance pure 提炼

e.g. The purpose of an oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的目的是精炼原油. vi. 短语: refine on/upon琢磨; 推敲

e.g. The teachers try to refine on the methods of teaching. 教师努力使教学方法精益求精。 派生词: refined adj.精制的, 优雅的 e.g. refined salt 精盐

refinement n. 精炼；优美 e.g. the refinement of metals 金属的提纯

refinery n. 精炼厂 e.g. a sugar refinery 制糖厂

6. attractive a. charming有吸引力的

翻译: 那新衣服的样式很吸引人。The new dress style is very attractive. attract v.

(1) To cause to draw near吸引

e.g. Magnetic poles are attracted to their opposites. 正反磁极互相吸引。 (2) To arouse or compel the interest引起(兴趣、注意等)

e.g. We were attracted by the display of lights. 我们被灯展吸引

翻译: 他试图引起大众媒体的注意。He tried to attract attention from the media. 派生词: unattractive a.不引人注意的

7. confess v.

(1) admit sth. to the police 供认（罪行）

e.g. When the police questioned the man, he confessed.审问这个人时，他坦白了 (2) （与to连用）承认

e.g. She confessed to stealing the money. 她承认偷了钱。 翻译: 当我们问他时，他承认听说过那件事。When we asked him, he confessed to having heard

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about it. 派生词: confessed adj.公开承认的, 不容怀疑的

e.g. He is a confessed alcoholic. 他是个公认的酒鬼 confesser n.(=confessor)忏悔者, 听忏悔的神父

confession n.供认, 承认 e.g. Open confession is good for the soul. [谚]直认无讳， 身心泰然.

8. award

vt. (1) give sb. sth. as a reward颁奖，授奖

e.g. Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace Nobel Prize of 19 for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.

小马丁.路德.金因为主张民权运动中采取非暴力而被授予19年诺贝尔和平奖。 翻译: 公司奖给他一个金杯,以感谢他为公司发展所作出的创造性成就。

He was awarded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his creative achievements for the development of the company. (2) A decision, such as one made by a judge or arbitrator 判定

e.g. Mrs. Jones was awarded $1000.00 monthly alimony by the court when she was divorced from her husband. 琼斯太太跟丈夫离婚后,根据判决她每月可得到一千美元的赡养费。 翻译: 法官判给在火灾中受伤的人一大笔钱.

The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire. n. Something awarded or granted奖品, 奖金

e.g. His horse won the highest award. 他的马赢得了最高奖。

9. despair

vi. To lose all hope绝望（常与of连用）

e.g. I despair of ever seeing my daughter again. 我对于再见到我女儿失去了信心。 翻译: 他们不抱比赛得胜的希望。They despaired of winning the game. n. (1) complete loss of hope 绝望

e.g. He sank into despair after his business failed. 生意倒闭后，他陷入了绝望的境地。 翻译: 当银行收回房子时，他们的沮丧变成了绝望。

When the bank repossessed the house, their depression turned to despair. (2) 令人绝望的人（或事）

e.g. This boy is his mother's despair. 这个男孩使他妈绝望了

短语: in despair 绝望地 e.g. The invaders took flight in despair. 入侵者绝望地逃跑了。 drive sb. to despair 使某人陷于失望, 逼得某人走投无路 fall into despair 陷入绝望

despair of 对...感到绝望 e.g. Never despair of success. 不要丧失成功的信心。 派生词: despairing adj.绝望的, 失望的e.g. a despairing look 绝望的神情

10. label

n. (1) nickname e.g. He got a label of “playboy”. 他得了个的绰号。 (2) a piece of paper that is attached to sth. and gives information about it标签

e.g. Attractive label is very necessary for many goods. 对商品来说, 具有吸引力的标签非常必要。

vt. (1) To identify or designate with a label把…归类

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e.g. People labeled him (as) a liar. 人们称他为撒谎者。

翻译: 这一短语在这本辞典里称为俚语。The phrase is labeled as slang in the dictionary. (2) put a label on an object贴标签

e.g. I labeled the trunk for Shanghai. 我给皮箱拴上运往上海的标签。 翻译: 瓶上标明有毒。The bottle is labeled poison.

Exercises:

1. Recently there has been a great ___D___ for small cars that use little petrol. A. claim B. application C. request D. demand

2. We ___A___ red balls for blue ones, to see if the baby would notice. A. substitute B. suggest C. submit D. suspect 3. It’s so ridiculous. I can hardly ___C___ of it. A. congratulate B. appreciate C. approve D. remark

4. Water __A_____ are at their lowest level in years due to drought A. reserves B. protection C. purification D. pollution 5. Sugar, oil and metals are __B_____ before use. A. reflected B. refined C. referred D. refilled

6. The improvement of urban living conditions is to ___B____ more migrants from the countryside.

A. abuse B. attract C. addict D. admit

7. Paul was so __B___ about his baldness that he wore a hat，whether it was winter or summer． A. self-composed B. self-conscious C. self-confessed D. self-confident 8. They __C___ a scholarship to the student with the highest grades. A. made B. punished C. awarded D. achieved

9. The unmotivated students are the ___A__ of their teachers. A. despair B. desire C. despite D. designers

10. She ___A__ the case with her name and address when she was traveling. A. labeled B. attached C. put D. lavished

Handout 7 : Words Study for Unit 7

1.react vi.

1).behave differently or change as a result of sth. 做出反应，回应

e.g. People can react badly to certain food. 人们对某些食物会有不良反应。 翻译：你告诉她你要离开时她怎样反应？

How did she react when you told her you were leaving? 2). (against) respond to sb./sth. with hostility 反对，反抗

e.g. She beat him and called him names, but he didn't react. 她打他，骂他，但他没还手。 翻译：法官对于那些说他不公正的言论做出了愤怒的反应。

The judge reacted angrily to the suggestion that he hadn't been fair.

短语：react against 反抗，反对 e.g. Many young people react against traditional values. react by 以…回应 e.g. The government reacted by increasing taxation.

react to 对…回应 e.g. The university reacted unfavorably to the proposals. react with 用…回应 e.g. Her family reacted with horror when she told them. 派生词：reactor n. [C] |核反应堆

e.g. Some would argue that while nuclear power reactors exist, then the hazard of radiation is

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inevitable.有些人争论说只要原子反应堆存在，辐射的危险就不可避免 reaction n. 反应，回应

e.g. positive /negative reaction 积极的/消极的反应 翻译：从他的反应来看,他是喜欢这份礼物的. Judging by his reaction, he liked the present.

2. tense a.

1). unable to relax 紧张的

e.g. You seem very tense. Are you still waiting for that phone call? 翻译：在等待面试时她很紧张。

She was very tense as she waited for the interview. 2). stretched tight 拉紧的，绷紧的

e.g. His muscles are hard and tense. 他的肌肉又僵又硬。 翻译：如果你的手指太僵直，就弹不好钢琴。

You cannot play the piano properly if your fingers are too tense. v. (cause sb./sth. to) become tense （使）紧张，（使）绷直

e.g. Having tensed his muscles, he is waiting for the race to start. 他绷紧了肌肉，等待着比赛开始。

She tensed up as the car turned. 汽车转向时，她紧张起来。

3. excess

a. extra or additional额外的，附加的

e.g. Excess exercise can sometimes cause health problems.

过度的锻炼有时会导致健康问题。

翻译：看上去我们所带的东西多了些，但情况紧急时，它们会派上用场。

We might seem to be carrying excess supplies but they would be necessary in the case of an emergency.

n. an amount which is more than acceptable, expected or reasonable无节制，过量 翻译：过分热情并不总是一件好事。

An excess of enthusiasm is not always a good thing. 短语：in excess of 超过

e.g.. The vehicle had been travelling at speeds in excess of 90 miles per hour. to excess 过量 e.g. They never smoked or drank to excess.

4. attribute

vt. (used in the phrase: attribute sth. to sb./sth.) regard sth. as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb./sth. 把……归因于，把……归咎于

e.g. We attribute our success to being in the right place at the right time. 我们把成功归因于天时地利。

翻译：她把她的成功归于努力和小小的运气。

She attributes her success to hard work and a bit of luck.

n. [C] a quality regarded as a natural part of sb./sth. 特性，属性 e.g. Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher. 耐心是教师最重要的品质之一。

比较：1) attribute to = owe … to 归因于，认为是……的结果

e.g. The heavy snow attributed the delay of our school bus this morning. 因下雪而耽搁

David attributed his company's success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work. 大卫说他们公司之所以获得成功是由于全体员工的团结和坚持不懈努力工作的结果。

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2)contribute to 1. 捐助;帮助2. 促成

e.g. How much did you contribute to the relief fund? 你为那笔救济金捐了多少?

翻译：你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。

Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work. 3) distribute vt.分发, 分配, 散布, 分类,

e.g. distribute books among the students 把书分给学生

distribute seeds over a field 在田间播种

4) tribute n.贡品, 礼物, 颂词, 殷勤, 贡物;（与to连用）赞词；颂词；礼物

e.g. The doctor paid tribute to his nurses by praising their work. 医生称赞护士们的工作。

pay a high tribute to sb.'s ability 高度称赞某人的能力

5. destructive:

a. causing damage to people or things 破坏的 e.g. a destructive storm 毁灭性的暴风雨

Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. 缺乏信任对维持关系有很大的危害性。 翻译：他们很担心暴力片对儿童可能产生的危害作用。

They are very concerned about the destructive effects that violent films may have on children. 短语：destructive of 对…造成破坏

e.g. Clearing trees by burning is highly destructive of the forest environment. 通过焚烧来清除树木对森林具有高度破坏性. destructive to 对…具有破坏性

e.g. These substances can be destructive to health. 这些物质可能会严重危害健康.

6. perceive

vt. understand or think of sth. in a particular way理解；认为

e.g. If they perceive that a military challenge threatens their country's interests, they will not hesitate to fight.如果他们察觉军事挑衅威胁到国家利益，他们会毫不犹豫地奋起反击。 翻译：如果首相意识到无法走出危机，就只有辞职了事。

The prime minister will only resign if he perceives there is no other way out of the crisis. 短语：perceive as 看作…(通常用于被动语态中)

e.g. The General’s words were perceived as a threat by neighboring countries. 将军的话被邻国看作是一种威胁.

派生词：perception n.(formal) 知觉, 感知, 看法, 见解 e.g. our perception of reality 我们对现实的认识

a campaign to change public perception of the police 改变公共形象的运动 perceptive a. 知觉的, 感觉的, 听觉的

e.g. our innate perceptive abilities 我们天生的五官感知能力 perceptible a. 可感觉到的, 看得出来的

e.g. a perceptible change/ increase 可以察觉的变化/增长 翻译：她的外国口音几乎听不.出来

Her foreign accent was barely perceptible.

7. emphasis

n. [U, C] (placing of) special meaning, value or importance (on sth.) 强调

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e.g. The emphasis here is on hard work, not enjoyment. 这里强调的是苦干，而不是享乐。

短语：give/ lay/ place/ put emphasis 强调, 重视

e.g. The company lays great emphasis on customer care. 公司非常重视对顾客的关怀. 翻译：我们很重视工作经验

We put a lot of emphasis on work experience. emphasis on/ upon 重点在于…

e.g. The emphasis is on keeping fit rather than developing lots of muscles. 重点是保持健康而不是练出一身肌肉. 派生词：emphasize (BrE also-ise) v. 强调, 重视

e.g. The new law rightly emphasizes parental responsibility.

新法律合理地强调了父母的责任.

emphatic a. 强调的, 着重的. 坚决的, 断然的,

e.g. He was emphatic that he could not work with her. emphatic about

翻译：她同样强调了纪律的重要性.

e.g. She was equally emphatic about the importance of discipline.

8. stir:

v. 1).move (sth.) in a round motion through a liquid or mixture 搅和，搅拌，拌匀 e.g. Use a spoon to stir the sauce. 用调羹来搅拌调料。 Slowly add the flour, stirring until completely blended. 慢慢地加进面粉，搅拌到完全混合为止。

2). excite (a person or his feelings, etc.) 使激动，惹起，激起

e.g. The speech stirred the crowd to take action. 这讲话激起群众采取行动。 翻译：那故事激起了男孩子的想像力。

The story stirred the boy's imagination. n. 1). [C] the action of stirring 搅和，搅拌

e.g. Give the soup a stir. 把汤搅动一下。

Could you give the salad a quick stir? 你能把沙拉拌一下吗？

2). [U] excitement; fuss 激动；，

The news caused quite a stir in the village. 这条消息在村子里引起了很大的骚动。 翻译：这建议在班级里激起了很大兴趣。

The suggestion caused a stir of interest in the class. 短语：stir up 唤起, 激起

e.g. to stir up anger/discontent/hatred 激起愤怒/不满/仇恨 to stir up a debate 挑起争端 翻译：回到那里唤起她许多回忆.

Going back there stirred up a lot of memories for her.

9. recommend vt.

1). advise sb. to do sth. 建议；劝告

e.g. I recommend your meeting him first. 我建议你先和他见个面。 翻译：医生建议她换换气候环境以便恢复健康。

The doctor recommended a change of climate for her health. 2). say that sb. or sth. is good, or suggest them for a particular purpose or job推荐 e.g. Can you recommend any cheap hotels? 你能否推荐些便宜的酒店？

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翻译：校长同意把教师的建议推荐给。

The headmaster agreed to recommend the teachers' suggestions to the government. 短语： sth. has a lot/much to recommend it …有许多可取之处 e.g. Your idea has much to recommend it. 派生词：recommendation n. . 建议, 推荐

come up with/make/produce recommendation (on sb.) (for/on/about/sth.)

就…向…提出建议

e.g. The committee made recommendations to the board on teachers’ pay and conditions. 委员会就教师的工资和工作条件问题向董事会提出建议. at/on/upon sb’s recommendation 在某人的建议下 e.g. We went to Xinghai Park on your recommendation.

10. stimulate:

vt.1) make sb./sth. more active激励，激发

e.g. The government will do everything in its power to stimulate economic growth. 将竭尽全力去刺激经济发展。 翻译：表扬总是激励他更进一步努力。

Praise always stimulates him to further efforts.

2) to make sb interested and excited about sth 刺激, 使兴奋

e.g. The book was trying to stimulate discussion of the problem of global warming.

这书试图激起人们对全球变暖问题的讨论。

派生词：stimulation n.

e.g. sensory/intellectual/visual/physical stimulate 感官/智力/视觉/身体刺激 stimulating a. 趣味盎然的, 激励人的, 振奋人心的 e.g. a stimulating book/ discussion 饶有兴趣的书/讨论 a stimulating teacher 能够激发兴趣的老师

11. temper

n. 1). [C] state of the mind as regards anger or calmness心情，情绪 翻译：等她心情好一点的时候再问她。

Ask her when she's in a better temper.

2). the usual state of your feelings which makes you become angry easily or stay calm 性情，脾气

e.g. I found it hard to keep my temper with so many things going wrong. 这么多事情都变得一团糟，使我很难不发脾气。 vt. soften the effects of sth. 使缓和，软化，调和

e.g. His joy that she was alive was tempered by the knowledge that she would never walk again. 她再也不能走路的消息冲淡了他知道她还活着的快乐心情。 even-tempered 性情平和的 mild-tempered 温和的

hot- / quick- / short-tempered 脾气急躁的 sweet-tempered性情温柔的 moody-tempered 喜怒无常的 good-tempered 好脾气的 bad- / ill-tempered 坏脾气的

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12. priority n.

1). [C] the thing that is (regarded as) more important than others优先处理的事 e.g. The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority. 管理部门似乎觉得办公室安全并不是需要优先考虑的问题。 翻译：你必须确定先做什么。

You must decide what your priorities are.

2). [U] the state or right of coming before others in position or time居先，优先（权） e.g. Official business takes priority over personal requests. 公事应放在私事之上。

短语: give sb/sth priority 给…优先权 翻译：口语流利者将优先考虑。

Priority will be given to those who are fluent in spoken English.

Exercises:

1 .Last year's profits were in B of one billion dollars. A. exceed B. excess C. excessive D. proceed

2. We were shown a video about the B effects of carbon dioxide on the environment. A. instructive B. destructive C. structural D. constructive 3. The quarrel arose from their different D on controlling sales. A. necessaries B. importance C. significance D. emphases 4. The news caused quite a C in the village. A. mix B. puzzle C. stir D. mystery

5. I wouldn’t B reading in this light; it may affect your eyes. A. command B. recommend C. demand D. order 6. He A his good health to exercise.

A. attributed B. owned C. possessed D. appreciated 7. They B food and clothing for the refugees.

A. counseled B. contributed C. confronted D. connected 8. The optical system of the eye A cells of the retina(视网膜). A stimulates B. simulates C. duplicates D. resembles 9. If medicine supplies are short, children will be given A . A. priority B. urgency C. superiority D. seniority 10. He B strongly against the artistic conventions of his time. A. replied B. reacted C. doubted D. confused 11. I spent a C few weeks waiting for the results of the tests. A. nerve B. anxiety C. tense D. worry 12. This discovery was A as a major breakthrough.

A. perceived B. provided C. rejected D. encountere

Words Study for Unit 9

1. equivalent

(1)a. of the same value, importance, etc. as sth. Else 相等的；相同的；等值的 equal 相等的 + value 价值 + -ent = equivalent

翻译： 他的行为相当于欺骗。His behavior is equivalent to cheating.

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(2)n. Something that is the same as something else 等价物；等同物；对等物 翻译：这个词没有相应的英文。The word has no equivalent in English. equal a.

(1)(of two or more) the same in size, number, valure, rank, etc. 相同的；同等的；均等的 翻译：把蛋糕切成六等块。Cut the cake into six equal pieces.

(2) having enough strength, ability, etc.(for) (指人）有足够的力气、能力等；能胜任的 e.g. Bill is equal to（the job of) running the office. 比尔恩能胜任办公室的工作。 反义词：unequal a.不平等的, 不胜任的

equality n. The state of being equal 相等，平等

e.g. I believe in equality between men and women.我相信男女之间的平等。 翻译：种族平等racial equality 反义词：inequality n.不平等, 不同

2. scatter v.

(1) to cause(a group) to separate widely 散开

翻译：声吓走了那些鸟。The gunshot scattered the birds. (2) to spread widely by throwing 撒播；撒

翻译：孩子们小的时侯, 她就在他们心田里播下了道德的种子。

She planted the seeds of virtue in her children when they were young. He scatters money around as if he were rich.（比喻）他到处挥霍钱财，好像他很富有。 词形变化：scattered a.离散的，分散的

a few scattered fishing villages一些疏疏落落的渔村 a thinly scattered population 稀疏的人口

2. deceive v. To cause (someone) to accept as true or good what is false or bad 欺骗；

欺诈；诓骗

翻译：我信任他，因为我知道他觉不会欺骗我

I trust him because I know he would never deceive me.

He that once deceives is ever suspected. [谚]骗人一次, 受疑一世。 短语：deceive sb. into doing sth .骗某人做某事

词形变化：deceitful a. Telling lies in order to get what one wants 欺骗的 e.g. 我不相信她，我觉得她的微笑具有欺骗性

I don't trust her. I think she has a deceitful smile.。 deceiver n. 欺人者, 欺诈者

deception n. an act of deceiving欺骗, 诡计

4. ambitious a.

(1) having a great desire to be successful, powerful or wealthy有抱负的；雄心勃勃的 翻译：他立志毕业后要开办自己的公司

He is ambitious to run his own company after graduation.

(2)demanding a strong desire for success, great effort, great skill,etc. 热望的；尽头足的

e.g. an ambitious attempt to climb the dangerous mountain.攀登那峻岭的一次野心勃勃的尝试。 词形变化：

ambition n. (1)strong desire for success, power, riches, etc. 野心；抱负；雄心

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翻译：那位政客野心勃勃。That politician is full of ambition.

(2) that which is desired in this way (具体的)抱负；目标；奢望

e.g. A big house in the country is my ambition. 在乡下弄到一所大房子是我渴望的目标。 翻译：她的抱负之一就是成为一名医生。One of her ambitions is to become a doctor.

5.identification n.official papers or cards, such as your passport, that prove who you are身份证明

翻译：你拿包裹时你必须出示身份证明。

You'll have to show proof of identification when you take the parcels.

His only means of identification was his passport. 他的唯一身份证明就是他的护照。 词形变化：

identify v. to prove or show the identity of 识别；验明；认出 e.g. He identified the criminal.他认出了那个罪犯。

identify with sb.：to feel sympathy for sb.;or feel that one shares sth. 抱有同情；认为与...一致；感受相同

翻译：我们阅读这本书，能感受到主人公的奋斗。

Reading this book, we can identify with the main character's struggle.

identity n. The qualities and attitudes that a person or a group of people have that make them different from other people 个性；特性

翻译：你必须让孩子发展自己的个性意识。

You have to let the children develop a sense of their own identity. identical a. exactly alike 完全相同的；完全一样的 翻译：你和你弟弟的声音几乎完全相同。

You and your brother have almost identical voices./Your voice is identical to your brother's. 短语：identical twins 同卵双胞胎

6.advanced adj. at a higher level 高级的；先进的 短语：advanced mathematics 高等数学 advanced studies 高深的研究 advanced technology 先进的技术 advanced disease 病情沉重期/晚期

an advanced child 一个智力超前的孩子 词形变化：advance

(1) v. to(cause to) move forward 推进；前进 翻译：已经过去一个月了而工作毫无进展。

A month has past and the work has not advanced. (2)n. forward movement 前进

翻译：过去50年里医学上有巨大的进展。

There have been great advances(=developments) in medicine in the past 50years. 短语：in advance :before in time 提前；预先

e.g. 我们总是提早交房租。We always pay the rent in advance.

7.sympathize vi.

(1)feel sorry for someone because you understand their problems 同情；怜悯

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翻译：我必须告诉您，我非常同情您的损失，教授。

I must tell you how much I sympathize with you for your loss, professor. (2)support someone's ideas or actions 体谅；赞同

翻译：公众赞同矿工罢工。The public sympathized with the miners' strike. 。 词形变化：

sympathy n. (the expression of) pity for the sufferings of other people同情 翻译：我告诉医生我的病情后并没有得到多大同情。

I didn't get much sympathy from the doctor when I told her about my illness. sympathetic a. Feeling or showing sympathy同情的;表示同情的 翻译：我告诉老板说我生病了，但是他并没有表示同情。

I told the boss I was feeling ill, but he wasn't very sympathetic. 8.correspond v.

(1) (to, with) be the same as sth. else, or very much like it 对应；符合；相一致 翻译：她言行不一。Her actions do not correspond with his words.

她的工作符合她的志趣。Her job corresponds with her interests. (2)write letters to sb. And receive letters from them通信(with) 翻译：在见面之前他们已通信两年了。

They have corresponded with each other for two years before they meet. 词形变化：

correspondence n. 符合；相似;通信；信件

e.g. I have kept up correspondence with her for 20 years. 我与她保持通信20年了。

He has a large correspondence to answer. 他有许多回信要写。

correspondent n. sb.employed by a newspaper, television, etc. to report new from a distant area 通讯员；记者；特派采访员

e.g. 他是战地记者。He was a war correspondent. 。 corresponding a. matching; related 相当的；对应的

e.g. All rights carry corresponding responsibilities with them. 一切权利都有相应的责任。 联想词：respond v.回答, 响应,作出反应 respond to 对...作出回答/反应 response n.回答, 响应, 反应

responsible a.有责任的, 可靠的,负责的 be responsible for为...负责; 是造成...的原因

responsibility n.责任, 职责 9. concession n.

(1) an acknowledgement or admission 承认；认可 e.g. a privilege of concession 特许权

(2)the act of yielding, esp. after a disagreement 让步(在有不同意见后） 翻译： 公司答应提高我们的工资是对工会要求的让步。

The company's promise to increase our pay was a concession to union demands. 词形变化： concede v.

(1)to admit as true, just, or proper, often unwillingly(勉强）承认 翻译： 我不得不承认可能是她对.

I was forced to concede that she might is right. (2) to give a right; allow; yield让步；容许；（被迫）放弃

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e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他终于承认了失败。

翻译:第一次世界大战后，德国割让大片宝贵土地给邻国。

After the First World War, Germany conceded her neighbours much valuable land.

10. fantasy n. An imagined exciting situation or experience 幻想；想象 翻译：幼年的孩子有时候不能区分幻想与现实。

Young children sometimes can't distinguish between fantasy and reality. He lives in a world of fantasy. 他生活在幻想世界里。 词形变化：

fantasize v. to portray in the mind; imagine. 幻想

e.g. 他花了太多时间去想那些绝不可能发生的事情。

He spends too much time fantasizing about things that will never happen. fantastic a.

(1)extremely good, attractive, enjoyable, etc.极好的；了不起的 翻译：从这座山顶看这座城市的景色好极了。

You can have a fantastic view of the city from the mountain top. (2) extremely large 极大的，大得难以置信的 翻译：一些孩子在电子游戏上花很多钱。

Some kids spend fantastic amounts of money on computer games.

We've all done a fantastic amount of work to improve our teaching quality. 为了提高教学质量我们都做了大量的工作。

Exercises:

1. Let's look at this __C___ historical standpoint. A. for B. at C. from D. In

2. I'd like to ___B___ from the main subject of my speech for a few moments. A. part B. depart C. separate D. divide 3. The wounded prisoners ____A____ a groan.

A. uttered B. said C. expressed D asserted 5. He ___D____ the old lady into lending him all her money.

A. deception B. received C. deceit D. deceived 6.The light is too dim for me to ____B____ her.

A. identity B. identify C. identical D. identification 8.A baby's life revolves mainly ____D____ its mother and father. A. surround B. round D. around D. arround 9.She is studying ___A____ French.

A intermediate B. mediate C. media D. mediative 10. There has been very little ___D____ to our call for help.

A. respond B. correspond C. correspondence D. response

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