防爆墙施工方案

Blast Wall Construction Program

注意点：墙体边长大于等于100毫米洞口必须预设，不可以开凿。Notice points: when the side length of the wall is greater than or equal to 100mm, the opening must be preset, and it is not allowed to excavate.

1 为保证大体积混凝土施工质量，对混凝土的配比进行了详细的研究，选用如下材料： Make a particular research on the properties of concrete to ensure the large area concrete construction quality, and select the following materials:

(1)水泥采用云浮银羊P·Ⅱ42．5R普通硅酸盐水泥，以保证水泥质量。Cement uses the ordinary Portland cement of Yunfu silver sheep P·Ⅱ42．5R to ensure the cement quality.

(2)粗骨料是混凝土的重要组成，它在混凝土中主要起骨架的作用，并且对胶凝材料的收缩具有一定的抵抗作用。粗骨料采用连续级配好、热膨胀系数较低、强度较高的花岗岩石子，以减少混凝土的收缩及降低水泥用量，石子选用5～25mm连续级配的碎石。其含泥量控制在l％以内，粒径为5-25mm，以满足泵送要求。Coarse aggregate is an important component of the concrete; it plays a skeleton role in concrete, and has certain effect on the shrinkage of gelled material. The coarse aggregate uses the crushed granite with good continuous grading, low CTE, and high strength to decrease the shrinkage of the concrete and the cement usage, the stone uses aggregate with 5～25mm continuous grading. The silt content is limited within 1%, and the grain diameter is 5-25mm to meet the pumpover requirements. (3)细骨料采用不含有机质的中砂，细度模数控制在2．5ram左右，砂子选用高明的Ⅱ区中砂，其含泥量控制在1．2％以内。Fine aggregate uses medium sand without organic matter, the fineness modulus is limited around 2,5ram, and the sand chooses Gaoming Ⅱzone medium sand, and the silt content is limited within 1.2%.

(4)掺合料：掺合料选用珠海电厂的Ⅱ级粉煤灰，粉煤灰是一种活性较好的掺合料，且其水化热远低于水泥，在混凝土中主要超到改善混凝土和易性，降低水化热等作用。可部分取代水泥，从而降低水泥用量，减少混凝土收缩。其掺量为胶凝材料总量的20％。Admixture: the admixture uses Ⅱlevel fly ash of Zhu Hai Power Plant, the fly ash is a admixture with good activity, and its heat of hydration is far below the cement, it plays the role to improve the concrete and workability and decrease the heat of hydration roles in concrete, and could partly replace the cement, thus decreasing the cement usage and concrete shrinkage. Ite mixing amount is 20% of the total cementitious materials.

(5)混凝土外加剂：选用广州建筑宝生产的JZB一4型高效缓凝减水剂，高效缓凝减水剂以降低水及胶

凝材料用量，使混凝土密实性提高，收缩减少达到抗裂防渗的作用。且缓凝作用延缓了水泥水化放热过程，同时延缓水化放热峰值的出现时间，减少了混凝土早期塑性收缩。Concrete admixture: select the JZB-4 type high range water reducing retarders, high range water reducing retarders increase the concrete compaction and decrease the shrinkage by reducing the water and cementitious materials usages to play anti-seepage and anti-cracking roles. And the delayed coagulation delays the cement hydration exothermic process, and at the same time delays the occurrence time of the hydration exothermic peak reducing early stage plastic shrinkage of the concrete. 2 施工质量控制Construction Quality Control

现浇剪力墙结构工程施工过程中，混凝土分项工程施工质量的优劣直接影响着主体结构安全度的高低及后期装修工程的难易，如何保证混凝土分项工程施工质量，并确保主体结构工程

优良，可以从3个方面进行控制，分别为：钢筋工程、模板工程、混凝土工程。In the construction process of cast-in-place shear wall structure project, the merits of concrete item project construction quality have direct effect on the major structure safety level and late decoration project difficulty, how to ensure the quality of concrete item project construction and ensure the major structure excellence could control in three aspects, respectively: steel project, form project, and concrete project. 2．1钢筋工程Steel project

剪力墙结构钢筋工程包括墙筋和板筋，板筋与其他结构工程差别不大，重点是墙筋的施工质量。剪力墙的墙体是墙包暗柱，中问部位设双排双向钢筋，钢筋数量多。本工程施工过程中，剪力墙的竖向钢筋发生了偏位，其表现为：竖向钢筋向中间靠拢使保护层增厚，剪力墙有效厚度减小；还有的钢筋向外或向内倾斜。The shear wall structure steel project includes joist and back straps, the differences between the back straps and other structure projects is little, the focus is on the construction quality. The shear wall is that wall contains concealed column, the middle part arranges steels with double rows and double directions, and the steel amount is large. In the project construction, the vertical steel of shear wall is off normal, the performances are: the vertical steel is tacking to the center and thickens the protective layer, and the effective thickness of shear wall decreases; other steels incline towards outside or inside. 2．1_1剪力墙竖向钢筋偏位原因分析Off normal reasons analysis of shear wall vertical steel

(1)绑扎偏位：钢筋排列间距不均，钢筋与钢筋之间距离误差超过施工规范要求。Binding is off normal: the arrangement intervals between steels is uneven, the distance deviation between steels overpasses the construction regulations requirements.

(2)施工时为节省材料，减少竖向钢筋接头，每两个层高才设置一个接头。因受钢筋垂直自重及风力

影响，易产生偏差，进而形成偏位。In order to save in material in construction, reduce the vertical steel joint, set a joint in every two layers. Because of the influence of the steel vertical gravity and wind, it is easy to have derivation, and thus forming offset.

(3)施工时为降低成本，偷工减料，梅花形设置的拉结筋，少放或不放，且绑扎不牢。In order to reduce cost in construction, cut corners and quincunx arrangement of tie bar, putting less or putting none, and unstable binding.

(4)在模板安装时，模板碰撞墙体钢筋；在浇筑楼面混凝土时，料斗或小推车碰撞钢筋，使每层向上延伸的钢筋产生偏移。When installing the templates, the templates collide with the wall steel; when concrete the floors, the material hopper or wheel barrow collides with the steel, making the steels that stretch upward on each layer have offset.

(5)墙体保护层垫块绑扎不当，设置在单根水平筋或竖向钢筋上，当支模时垫块转动，起不到控制保护层的作用，从而形成露筋现象。The binding of the wall protective layer block is improper, setting on the single horizontal steel or vertical steel, when form erecting and the cushion block moves, and it does not play the role to control the protective layer, thus forming the exposed bars.

2．1．2防止剪力墙钢筋偏位的措施Measurements to prevent the shear wall from offset

(1)钢筋绑扎严格按图纸要求施工，按图示间距布置拉结筋，并绑扎牢固，混凝土保护层垫块要绑扎在墙体水平钢筋和竖向钢筋交叉点上，用绑丝固定牢固，使之不能转动。Steel binding is strictly in line with the drawing requirements, arrange the tie bars according to the diagram distance and bind tightly, the concrete protective layer block should bind on the wall cross point of the horizontal steel and vertical steel, and fix tightly with binding wires to make it do not rotate.

(2)从构造设计上增加措施：①加设钢筋梯架；②可设特殊撑筋支架(用少量的成型箍筋绑在竖向钢筋之间，起固定钢筋)； Increase measurements in the structure design: ① add steel ladder; ② set special bar support (bind between the vertical steels with few molding stirrup to fix the steels);

③垫块不用砂浆垫块，采用专用可转动的保护层塑料垫块；④条件许可时，水平筋和竖向筋交叉点进行点焊固定。Cushion block does not use the mortar block, and use the special rotatable protective layer plastic block; ④ as conditions permit, spot-weld the horizontal steel and vertical steel cross point to fix. (3)加强现场管理，塔吊工作时设专人指挥，司机持证上岗，文明施工，墙体浇筑混凝土时，派钢筋工和木工跟班，发现钢筋偏位及时调整。Strengthen the site management, equip with dedicated person to organize when tower cane is working, the driver should receive related certifications, and civilization construction, when concreting the wall, appoint steel bender and carpenter for attendant, if find the steel

offset, adjust timely.

(4)为保证柱立筋位置的准确性，防止柱筋移位，在混凝土施工之前，用焊接和绑扎的方法分别加装定位箍。In order to make sure the accuracy of the column bar and prevent the column bar from derivation, before concreting, use the welding and binding to add locator hoop. 2．2模板工程Template project

模板分项工程施工中不属于隐蔽工程内容，但模板工程施工的好坏直接影响着主体安全度及后期装修。为更好的控制模板分项工程的施工质量，可从以下几个方面进行控制。The template item project construction does no belong to concealed project content, but the quality of template project construction has direct effect on the main safety degree and the later decoration. In order to control the template item project construction quality, could control in the following aspects. 2．2．1模板就位前准备工作Preparation before template is in place

引出建筑物墙体轴线、边线及模板控制线，控制线距墙体边线300～500mm，并同时弹出门窗洞口及其他预留洞的中心线和边线；门窗洞口模板就位应稳固。Draw forth the building wall axis, side line and template control line, the distance from control line to wall side line is 300～500mm，and pop the centre line and side line of doors and windows openings and other reserved openings at the same time; the doors and windows opening template should take place stably.

2．2．2模板安装时，按下列顺序施工When installing the template, construct according to the following rules

模板立放一校正模板一安装穿墙螺栓一锁紧穿墙螺栓一(调整模板垂直度)一检查验收一混凝土浇筑。Standing template — correcting template— installing wall bolt— fasten wall bolt—(adjusting the template verticality)—inspection and acceptance—concreting

2．2．3正确使用墙体厚度控制块Use the wall thickness control block correctly

就是利用标准长度的混凝土预制块事先绑在钢筋上，一般每lm左右设置一条，来控制剪力墙厚度。That is, use the concrete pre-cast block with standard length tie on the steel in advance, generally, set one every 1m, to control the shear wall thickness.

2．2．4准确控制墙柱模板的截面尺寸Control the sectional size of wall column template correctly 墙柱模板设压脚板，保证截面尺寸和不跑模，确保下口方正平直，墙柱模板底部还要粘贴一道双面海绵胶带(要与柱内边尺寸齐)，以利模板与找平层挤压严密；墙柱根部应留设清理口，模板内垃圾利于排除，浇混凝土前要派人跟踪封堵并保证柱根部模板周围封堵牢固。The wall column template set presser root plate, make sure the sectional size and the template do not move, and ensure the bottom

opening square and flat, the wall column template bottom should paste a streak of double-sided sponge tape (should be same with the column inside and side size), to benefit the close extrusion of template and leveled layer; the root of wall column should reserve cleaning mouth to be convenient for removing the rubbish in the template, and before concreting, appoint person to track the plugging and ensure around the template of the root of column seal closely.

2．2．5严格控制混凝土墙柱临空面错位现象Strictly control the offset of concrete wall column free face 在每层墙柱项下15cm处预埋414@500螺栓，以便墙柱模板安装时固定墙柱脚，竖向用木方龙骨与上部连接，横向用钢管压紧，用414螺栓和蝴蝶扣与螺母锁紧．保证不位移不漏浆，来控制临空面的混凝土错位现象。Embed 414@500 bolts in the 15cm under every layer of wall column, in order to fix the root of wall column when install the wall column template, use the batten keel to connect with the top in the vertical direction, and use steel pipe to compact in horizontal direction, and tighten 414 bolts and hook with screw nuts, and ensure no offset and no leakage, thus controlling the concrete misplace of free face. 2．3 混凝土工程Concrete project

混凝土工程施工除常规要求外，还需进一步加强消除混凝土工程质量通病，减少施工缝并对施工缝进行处理，注意混凝土养护及成品保护。Except for the general requirements, the concrete project construction should further strengthen the remove of the common fault of concrete project quality, and reduce the construction joint and process the construction joint, and pay attention to the concrete curing and product protection.

(1)混凝土施工前做好详细调查和分析，根据墙壁薄厚程度、钢筋间距来选择振捣棒型号及混凝土品种。Prepare the detailed survey and analysis before concrete construction, and select the vibrator beam type and concrete type according to the wall thickness degree and steel distance.

(2)混凝土泵的操作人员须经培训考核合格，才能上岗操作，浇楼面混凝土时，应搭设操作平台，防止踩踏钢筋，振捣混凝土时，振动棒移动间距宜为40cm左右，振动浇捣时间宜为l5～

30s。The operator of concrete pump must be approved by training and examination certificate, and then operate, when concreting the floor, set operation platform, and prevent from stamp the concrete, when vibrating the concrete, the movable distance between vibrating bars should be about 40cm, the vibrating time should be l5～30s.

(3)浇筑混凝土前必须接浆处理，即在柱根部均匀浇筑一层5-10cm厚的同配合比的水泥砂浆，严禁无接浆浇筑混凝土。Before concreting, do joint stock treatment, that is concreting one layer of 5-10cm cement mortar with same proportion on the column root uniformly, and it is forbidden to concrete without

joint stock.

(4)尽量减少混凝土施工缝，水平施工缝宜设置在混凝土外墙外侧凹槽内，以保证楼层接槎处不出现错位和漏浆，垂直施工缝宜设在门洞口连梁1，3区段，且用100目钢丝网隔挡，不同强度等级混凝土的交接处亦设100目钢丝网隔挡。Reduce the concrete construction joints as much as possible, the horizontal construction joints should set in the groove in the outside of the outer concrete wall, and the joints of various degrees level of concrete should also set 100 steel mesh to separate.

(5)为保证混凝土振捣密实及不漏振，选用适宜的振动方法，采用插入式振捣棒。在浇捣墙柱混凝土时，要先在底部填以5～10cm原成份相同的水泥砂浆，墙柱混凝土浇捣时，要分层浇捣，层间不得形成施工缝。特别注意的是混凝土浇注时应分层交圈浇注，不能单独从一处直接施工到顶后再挪地方。To ensure the dense of the concrete vibration and no leakage of vibration, select proper vibrating methods, and use insert vibrating beam. When concreting the wall column, first, fill 5-10cm cement mortar with the same original component on the bottom, when pouring the wall column concrete, pour in separate layers, the interlayer should not have joint. Especially when concreting the concrete should concrete in circles in separate layers, do not construct from one part directly to the top individually and then change the position.

(6)浇筑门窗洞口混凝土时，从洞口两侧同时下料，以防止洞口模板变形；同时窗洞I=1模板下部应打透气孔，以防空气无法排出而造成混凝土浇筑不到位。When pouring the opening concrete, blanking from the two sides of the opening meantime to avoid the deformation of the opening template; at the same time, the bottom of the window opening I=1 template should drill breather to avoid the air could not discharge and thus causing the lack of pouring of concrete.

(7)应确保混凝土棱角有一定强度，不被碰坏时才能拆模，达到1．5MPa后方可拆模，拆模后及时养护。Make sure the concrete edges have certain strength, form removal after no damage, and after reaching 1,5pma, remove the form, after form removal, preserve timely.

(8)模板拆除后，如模板拼缝处混凝土表面出现错台等质量缺陷时，要用切割机、铲刀等工具认真及时处理，刮水泥腻子(耐水)找平。After removing the template, if the concrete surface of template joints occurs quality fault like faulting of slab ends, use tools like cutting machine, scraper knife to handle timely and carefully, and make level by cement putty (water resistance).

(9)泵送混凝土一般掺有外加剂，应在混凝土终凝后才浇水养护，并且要加强早期养护工作。泵送混凝土的水泥用量较大，应进行淋水养护或覆盖湿草袋、麻袋等物，并设专人负责洒水养护，洒水要以麻袋湿润为宜，养护期不少于14d。Generally, the pumping concrete mixes admixture, do water

conservation after the final setting of the concrete, and strengthen the early maintenance work, and appoint special person for water conservation, the watering should be based on the moist of the gunny bag, and the maintenance period should not be less than 14 days.