专题15 动词的时态(二)-2019年中考英语语法单项选择题考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)

专题15 动词的时态（二）-2019年中考英语语法单项选择题考点讲解与真题分析（解析版）

考点四. 过去进行时

1. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常与then, at that time, at nine yesterday, last night, just now, from 7 to 9 yesterday morning等时间状语连用。

1. I ______ basketball with my classmates in the gym at 4:30 yesterday afternoon. (来宾) A. play B.am playing C.played D.was playing 【答案】D

【解析】句意：昨天下午四点半我跟同学们在体育馆打篮球。由at 4:30yesterday afternoon可知，应该用过去进行时。

2. —What’s the matter, Jack? (达州)

—I ________ down while I ________ on the ice. I got hurt badly. A. was felling, skated B. fell, was skating C. fell, skated D. was falling, skating 【答案】B

【解析】while提供一个背景动作，背景动作是一个持续性动作，应用进行时；而在背景中发生的动作更引人注目，应用一般过去时。故选B。

3. —I saw Mr. Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning. （十堰） —That’s impossible. He _______ an English party with us then. A. has B. had C. was having D. has had 【答案】C

4. —Did you hear someone knock at the door just now? (成都) —Sorry. I to my friend on the phone.

A. was talking B. talked C. am talking 【答案】A

【解析】句意：——你听见刚才有人敲门吗？——对不起，我没听见。我正在上和朋友通话。根据语境及时间状语just now可知，当时“正在打电话”，故用过去进行时。 5. We TV from seven to nine last night. (白银)

A. were watching B. will watch C. watched D. watch 【答案】A

【解析】句意：昨晚从7点到9点我们一直在看电视。表示过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作，用过去进行时。

6. —Did you watch the football match on TV last night? （随州） —I wanted to, but my father _______ his favorite TV program.

A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. had watched 【答案】C

【解析】句意：——昨晚你在电视上看足球比赛了吗？——我想看，但我爸爸一直在看他最喜欢的电视节目。表示在过去某段时间一直进行的动作，用过去进行时。

7. I _______ a shower when Jimmy called me at nine yesterday evening. （湘潭） A. am taking B. took C. was taking 【答案】C

【解析】句意：当吉米昨天晚上九点给我打电话的时候我正在洗澡。表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。学科@网

8. —Could you please tell me where you found Miss Li just now? (乌鲁木齐) —Of course, in the headmaster’s office. They _______ happily at that time. A. talked B. were talking C. have talked D. talk 【答案】B

【解析】句意：——你能告诉我刚才你在哪里找到李女士的吗？——当然，在校长的办公室里。那时他们正在开心地交谈。根据句意及时间状语at that time可知，应用过去进行时。 9. —Did you hear the strange noise next door around 10 o’clock last night? (泰州) —No, I ______ my favorite TV programme in my bedroom. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 【答案】C

10. Some exchange students ________ with their host families this time yesterday. (上海) A) are chatting B) will chat C) were chatting D) have chatted 【答案】C

【解析】句意：昨天这个时候有些交换生在与他们的房东们聊天。由后面的时间状语this time yesterday可知，应用过去进行时。 2. 提供一个背景动作。

背景动作一般是持续性的动作，一般用过去进行时，而背景中的动作则用一般过去时。 —What’s the matter, Jack? (达州)

—I ________ down while I ________ on the ice. I got hurt badly. A. was felling, skated B. fell, was skating C. fell, skated D. was falling, skating 【答案】B

【解析】while提供一个背景动作，背景动作是一个持续性动作，用过去进行时；而在背景中发生的动作更引人注目，应用一般过去时。故选B。

五．现在完成时

1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常和already, yet, ever, so far, up to now, until now等时间状语连用。

1. —Peter, why not go to see the dolphin show with me tomorrow? （甘孜） —Sorry. I ___________ it already. A. will see B. saw C. have seen 【答案】C

【解析】由already可知，要用现在完成时。

2. Last year our class set up Reading Corner. So far, we ______ more than 200 books. (海南) A. were reading B. have read C. will read 【答案】B

【解析】句意：去年我们班建立了阅读角，到目前为止我们就已经读了200多本书。so far是现在完成时的标志。

3. —Oh, no! We are too late. The train _________.（济南） —Well, we'll have to catch the next train to Beijing.

A. leaves B. left C. will leave D. has left 【答案】D

【解析】由we'll have to catch the next train可知上一趟车已经开走了，所以应用现在完成时。 4. Wow! You _____ dinner! Let’s eat now. (河北) A. cook B. are cooking C. will cook D. have cooked 【答案】D

【解析】句意：哦！你做好晚餐了！现在让我们吃饭吧。强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时。

5. —Do you know the Color Run, a five-kilometer race? (福建) —Yes. So far it ______ into quite a few cities in our country. A. comes B. came C. has come 【答案】C

6. Mount Yangming is fantastic. _____ you ever _____ it? (永州) A. Have; visited B. Was; visiting C. Do; visit 【答案】A

【解析】句意：阳明山好极了。你去过吗？根据语境及时间状语ever可知，应用现在完成时。 2. 常与for/since引起的时间状语从句连用。

1. Betty _______ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good! (广东) A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working 【答案】A

【解析】根据关键词since可知，应用现在完成时。 2. I _______ in the city since I left school. (天津)

A. live B. will live C, was living D. have lived 【答案】D

【解析】句意：自从我毕业以来，我一直住在这座城市里。since引导的状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。

3. —Over 100 countries and organizations warm support to the Belt and Road initiative倡议) since 2013. (襄阳)

—Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger!

A. give B. have given C. gave D. will give 【答案】B

【解析】句意：——自从2013年以来，超过100个国家和组织强烈支持一带一路倡议。——非 常好！我们的朋友圈在不停得增大。由时间状语since 2013可知，应该用现在完成时。 4. Lily is my classmate. We _______ each other since she came to our school. (北京) A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know 【答案】C

【解析】根据从句since she came to our school可知，应用现在完成时。 3. 在in/during/over/for the last/past few years等作状语的句子中。

1. In the past few years there ___________ great changes in my hometown. (天水) A. had been B. have been C. were D. are 【答案】B

【解析】句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。由时间状语In the past few years可知，应用

现在完成时。

2. In the past few years, many schools __________ the ways of doing morning exercises. (重庆) A. change B. changes C. will change D. have changed 【答案】D

【解析】句意：在过去几年里，很多学校都改变了做晨操的方式。in the past few years是现在完成时的标志。

3. I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it ______ a lot over the years. (安徽) A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】D

【解析】句意：我对我家乡的新的面貌感到惊叹，因为这年来，它发生了很大变 化。由时间状语over the years可知，应用现在完成时。 4. have gone to, have been to, have been in的区别：

have gone to表示去某地了，可能在路上，也可能已经到了（不在此地）；have been to表示去过某地（现在已经回来了）；have been in表示一直在某地。

1. —Hi, Tom. I haven’t seen your parents for days. Where are they? （丹东） —They aren’t at home. They __________ America for holiday. A. were in B. have gone to C. have been to D. will go to 【答案】B

2. —May I speak to your headmaster? (铜仁)

—Sorry, he isn’t here. He to Guiyang on business. A. have gone B. has gone C. have been D. has been 【答案】B

【解析】句意：——我能跟你们的校长讲话吗？——抱歉，校长不在。他去贵阳出差去了。have gone to表示“去了某地（人不在此地）”，have been to表示“去过某地（人已经回来了）”。主语是he，故选B。

3. —Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there. (南充) —No, it can’t be her. She _______ to Beijing. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go 【答案】A

【解析】句意：——看！你们的怀特老师在那边。——不可能是她。他去北京了。答语“不可能是她”，说明他不在此处，应用has gone to，意为“到……去了”；has been to表示曾经去过某地。 4. —Where is Zhang Hua? (巴中)

—He ______ Beijing to see his parents and he’ll be back tomorrow. A. has gone to B. has been in C. has been to 【答案】A

【解析】句意：——张华在哪里？——他去北京看望他的父母了，明天会回来。have gone to指“去了某个地方（还没回来）”；have been in表示 “一直在某地”；have been to表示“去过某地（已返回）”。故选A。

5. 非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，可用延续性动词或表示状态的形容词，be（+介词）等。 1. —I’m sorry for being late. (乐山)

—Never mind. The meeting ______ for only 5 minutes. This way, please.

A. has begun B. has ended C. has been on 【答案】C

【解析】句意：会议刚开始5分钟。begin是瞬间动词，不能与一段时间的状语连用；be on表示状态，可以持续。

2. —Can you tell how long you _______the Huawei mobile phone, Mr. Zheng? (黄冈) —Nearly a year. It works very well. A. will buy B. have had C. have bought D. had had 【答案】B

3. My grandparents _____ for over 60 years and they love each other very much. (宿迁) A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married 【答案】A

【解析】句意：我祖父母已经结婚60多年了，他们彼此非常恩爱。根据时间状语for over 60 years可知，应用现在完成时；be married表示状态，get married是非延续性动词短语。故选A。 4. —Do you know her well? (呼和浩特)

—Sure. We _______ friends since ten years ago.

A. were B. became C. has become D. have been 【答案】D

【解析】由答语中时间状语since ten years ago，可知应用现在完成时，become为非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，故选D。

5. His grandmother ________ for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. （西宁） A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的奶奶去世6年了。他现在仍然非常想念她。由表示一段时间的时间状语for six years可知，应用延续性动词，die为非延续性动词，故用状态形容词。

考点六. 一般将来时

一般将来时表示即将发生的事情。

1. —Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now? (长沙)

—I’m watching a football match. It started at 7:30pm and on for another one hour. A. has been B. was C. will be 【答案】C

【解析】句意：——你好，约翰，你正在干什么？——我在看足球比赛。下午七点半开始的，还得一个小时。根据another one hour可知，比赛还要持续一小时。故用一般将来时。 2. —I wonder if Tom ______ this afternoon. (益阳) —Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as he ______.

A. will come; comes B. comes; will come C. comes; comes 【答案】A

【解析】句意：——我想知道汤姆今下午是否能来。——不要担心。他一来我就告诉你。if引导的是宾语从句，由时间状语（this afternoon）可知，从句表示将来的事，应用一般将来时； as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，表示将来要用一般现在时。

3. — Excuse me, what time does Flight BA 2793 leave? (苏州) — Just a minute. I________ it for you.

A. check B. checked C. will check D. have checked 【答案】C

【解析】句意：——打扰了，英航2793航班何时起飞？——稍待片刻，我为你查一下。表示即将发生的动作，应用一般将来时。

4. With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ______ in our families in the future. (泰安) A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing 【答案】C

【解析】句意：随着科技的发展，机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中。由表示将来的时间状语in the future可知，应用一般将来时。故选C。

5. A little effort every day, and you________ a big difference. (潍坊) A. makes B. made C. have made D. will make 【答案】D

【解析】句意：每天做出一点努力，你就会有很大的作为。前文是一个省略的条 件状语从句If you make a little effort every day…由此可以判定主句用一般将来时态。 6. Mother ______ me a nice present on my next birthday. (重庆渝北) A. gives B. gave C. will give D. has given 【答案】C

考点七. 过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看即将发生的动作或存在的状态。

They promised that they ________ me look for my key until it was found. But they soon walked away (无锡) A. will help

B. have helped

C. would help

D. had helped

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他们答应帮我找到钥匙，直到找到，但却很快离开了。宾语从句中主句用一般过去时，从句应该用过去将来时。

巩固练习：

1. My brother ___________ the Indian film Dangal when I phoned him yesterday. (盐城)

A. watches B. has watched C. is watching D. was watching

2. My good friend, Lily, ______to see me next month. （德阳） A. came B. come C. comes D. will come

3.—The town of Huarong _________ a lot in the past five years. （鄂州） —That’s true. It’s becoming more and more beautiful. A. changed B. has changed C. had changed D. is changing 4.—Where were Bill and David when the teacher came in? （贵港） —They _____ in the hallway.

A. are talking B. have talked C. were talking D. talk

5. Even if you learn something well, you ______ it unless you use it. (攀枝花) A. forget B. forgot C. have forgotten D. will forget 6. — How many children do most post-80s’ families have? (宜昌) — One. They two in the future. I guess. A. will have B. had C. have D. have had 7. My mother _____ some washing when the telephone rang. (北京) A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing 8. —You look tired. What’s wrong with you? (镇江)

—I stayed up late night. I my speech from eight o’clock to midnight. A. practiced B. am practicing C. was practicing D. has practiced 9. —Where is your uncle, Jane? (黄石)

—He is in Guangzhou. He for a month.

A. has left B. has gone C. left D. has been away 10. —I called you this morning, but nobody answered. （西宁） —I _______ flowers in my garden at that time. A. watered B. was watering C. water D. am watering 11. —How are you today? (武汉)

—Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a long time. A. didn't feel B. wasn't feeling C. don't feel D. haven't felt 12. —When did the classroom have a power cut? (南京） —This morning, while we ________ a physics lesson. A. have had B. were having C. are having D. will have 13. The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010. （孝感） A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 14. My classmates ______ about the World Cup when our teacher came in. (重庆渝北) A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. were talking

15. Children ______ to read and count in the countryside since the mid - 20th century. (攀枝花) A. learned B. learn C. are learning D. have learned

答案及解析：

1. 【答案】D

【解析】句意：当我昨天打电话给我哥哥时，他正在看印度电影《摔跤吧，爸爸》。表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。学科@网 2. 【答案】D

【解析】句意：我的好朋友莉莉下个月要来看我。next month为一般将来时的时间状语，故选D。 3. 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——华容镇在过去的五年变化很大。——确实是。华容镇变得越来越美了。 4. 【答案】C

【解析】句意：——当老师进来的时候Bill和David在哪？——他们在走廊闲聊。表示过去某一刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。 5. 【答案】D

【解析】句意：即使有些东西你学得很好，如果不经常使用，你也会忘记。Unless 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 6. 【答案】A

【解析】句意：——大多数八零后有几个孩子？——一个。我猜未来他们会有两个孩子。由时间状语in the future可判断，应用一般将来时。 7. 【答案】D

【解析】妈妈正在洗澡，突然电话铃响了。When=at that time，表示某个动作正在进行，突然另一个动作发生了，主句用进行时。 8. 【答案】C

【解析】句意：——你看上去很累。你怎么了？——我昨晚熬夜很晚。从八点到半夜我一直在准备我的演讲。由时间状语last night和from eight o’clock to midnight可知，这里指在过去在某段时间内正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。 9. 【答案】D

【解析】句意：——简，你的叔叔在哪里？——他在广州。他已经离开一个月了。根据语境可知，空处用现在完成时；根据for a moth可知，空处不能用瞬间动词，leave和go都是瞬间动词。故选D。 10. 【答案】B

【解析】句意：——今天早上我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。——哦，那个时候我正在花园里浇花呢。从答语at that time知，这里是描述过去某个时刻正在做的事情，用过去进行时。故选B。 11. 【答案】D

【解析】——你今天怎么样啊？——哎呀，我好久没有像今天这样难受了。由句中的时间状语for a long time可知，应用现在完成时。 12. 【答案】B

【解析】句意：——教室什么时候停电的？——今天早上，当我们正在上物理课的时候。While意为“当……的时候”，强调动物的持续性，因此用进行时态，根据语境可知，应用过去进行时。

【解析】句意：自从20世纪中期，农村的孩子学会了读书、数数。since the mid - 20th century引导时间状语时，主句用现在完成时。