宾语从句讲解

Teaching Aims：让学生通过学习宾语从句，能正确做题，

并能在交际及写作中正确运用。

Main and Difficult Points: 时态中的细化角度，以及含宾语

从句的反意疑问句。

Analysis: 宾语从句在初中语法中是重点，中考选择题必有一道。

Teaching Procedure: 1定义的角度：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子叫宾语从句。 I know you. (主+谓+宾) eg: ∽

I know you are a student. (主+谓+宾语从句) 2 从解题的角度： ①从语序的角度：从句总是要用陈述句的语序（主谓不到装） ②从时态的角度：

a 如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何一种时态。

I know you are a teacher. (一般现在时)

I know you were a teacher three years ago.（一般过去时） I know you will be a teacher next year. (一般将来时)(主现从任)

b.如果主句是一般过去时，从句就要根据时间状语而用相应的过去的某种时态。

I knew you could be a teacher next year. (过去将来)（主过从过）

c.如果从句是客观真理时，它永远都用一般现在时。（主任从现）

注意：时态：十二字方针：主过从过，主现从任，主任从现

3 从连接词的角度：

a 当陈述句变为宾语从句时，用that 连接，而且that可省略。

You are a student. (改为宾语从句)

I know (that) you are a student 注意：that不可省略的情况 1.宾语从句中的主语是that时

Eg：She told me that that was a useful book. 2.在主从复合句中

Eg:I'm afraid that if you are lose the book,you’ll pay for it. 3.有多个宾语从句，第一个可以省略，其他不可以

Eg:She said(that) the film was intersting and that she enioyed seeing it. .

b 当一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，用if 或whether连接. Are you a student?

I wonder if /whether you are a student.

注意:在有or not 结构时。必须要用whether Eg:I don’t know whether she will come or not. c 当特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，用疑问词作连接词（即保留疑问词不变）

Where are you going?

I don’t know where you are going. 注意：语序为陈述语序 附加1祈使句变为非谓语：

“Don’t play football in the street,” teacher said.(变为一个句子)

Teacher told us not to play football in the street. 祈使句转换成一个句子往往用固定句型：

tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 附加2 含宾语从句的反意疑问句

a 一般情况下，反意疑问句部分的主谓跟主句保持一致。 He thinks that you are a good man, doesn’t he? b 当主句的主语是第一人称“I”时，反意疑问部分的主谓应跟从句保持一致。

I think that you are a good man, aren’t you? c 当主句的谓语动词是think ∽ believe ∽ suppose等表示“认为，想法 ”的动词时，常有否定转移，即用否定主句来实现对从句的否定，所以，要注意否定转移时的反意疑问句。

I don’t think that you are a good student, are you ? 附加3：宾语从句中的陷阱题（容易出错的题） 1.Could you tell me___________?

A when you will send the fridge to our house B when will you send the fridge to our house C when you would send the fridge to our house D when would you send the fridge to our house

正确答案为A。很多同学看到could，就认为主句是过去时态，所以选了C。实际上could you tell me (你能告诉我吗)表示的是一种委婉的语气，而不是过去时态！ 2. He asked me____________?

A what was the wrong B what the wrong was C what the wrong is D what is the wrong

正确答案是A 。 很多同学误选B。 实际上这个句子的原形是Something is wrong. 对主语的提问变为what is wrong? 也就是说，对主语提问时并不存在主谓倒装，所以语序无需调动。

3. I don’t know__________?

A what should I do B how should I do C what to do D how to do

正确答案是C。很多同学误选D。实际上do是一个及物动词，后面要接宾语，所以用what作其宾语。how只能作状语。

练习题：

1. Could you tell me _____the bike without any help this morning?

A how does he mend B how he mends C how he mended D how did he mend 2. I want to know_________

A what is his name B what’s his name C that his name is D what his name is 3.Jim doesn’t understand__________ A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping

4.Mr Smith asked us why ________to school last week. A. didn’t Ann go B. Ann didn’t go C. Ann not to go D.Ann doesn’t go 5-----Could you tell us how long ______? -----About three hours.

A does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last C will the sports meeting last D the sports meeting will last 6.My friend didn’t tell me ________.

A. which room he lived B which room did he live in

C. he lived in which room D. which room he lived in 7.-----Do you know________? -----Next year.

A. when he came here B. when did he come here C when he will come here D. when will he come here 8.Please tell me_______.

A. where does he live B. where he live C. where lives he D. where he lives 9 Do you know____________? A. what time does the train leave B. what time the train leaves C what time did the train leave D. what time will the train leave 10 She didn’t tell us _______.

A. how old the patient is B. how old was the patient C. how old the patient was D. how old is the patient

CDBBB DCDBC