大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷25(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷25 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section B

Despicable Characters Are New HeroesA)In films and TV shows, despicable characters are taking centre stage. Nicholas Barber investigates why we love to hate villains—and what this says about us.B)From a distance, Maleficent seems like Disney’s most daring film. The company, after all, made its fortune from sharp-voiced gnawing animals and charming princesses, so it’s quite a departure to take the nightmare-inducing character from Sleeping Beauty and turn her into a misunderstood heroine. Look a bit closer, though, and it’s clear that the company is actually following a significant trend. In films and television series everywhere, villains are taking centre stage.C)In the past four years, two live-actions version of the Snow White story—Mirror Mirror and Snow White and the Huntsman—have featured an Oscar-winning A-lister in the role of the wicked stepmother. Meanwhile, three cartoons(Megamind, and Despicable Me 1 and 2)have had a supervillain as their leading man. Mark Millar, the writer of Kick-Ass and Wanted, has scripted a novel about another supervillain, Nemesis, which is now being adapted into a film. And the makers of the Spider-Man movies are planning two separate spin-offs dealing with Spider-Man’s arch-enemies, The Sinister Six and Venom. Villains, it seems, are the new heroes.D)”There is a long history of the romantic or glamorous villain throughout literature and film,” says Dr Stacey Abbott at London’s Roehampton University. “Universal horror films were built on the attractive and sometimes sympathetic monster, and Christopher Lee was a very alluring and fascinating villain for Hammer.E)But I agree that it is a particularly popular trope at the moment. The new series of Jaguar advertisements with Ben Kingsley, Tom Hiddleston and Mark Strong is an excellent example. The slogan is “It’s good to be bad”, and they’re all about glamourising the classic British movie villain.F)As the saying goes, the Devil has all the best tunes. And in the movies, the Devil usually has all the best lines, too. “In children’ s media, especially, villains have always tended to be more interesting and more adult,” says Dr Luke Seaber of University College London, the editor of the anthology Villains and Heroes or Villains as Heroes? “There’s only so much one can do with a beautiful princess or a handsome prince; whereas villains have a far wider range of moods and actions available to them.G)In that light, the current trend of cartoon villains appears to have something to do with a perceived shift in audience. Just as the Harry Potter books came out with “adult” covers, other entertainment which was once aimed solely at children, such as cartoons and superhero movies, is now being aimed at adults, too. That’ s why the baddies—more interesting, wittier, ironic, knowing—are taking on greater prominence.”Serial killersH)But if villains are

popular on the big screen, the small screen is where they’ re really at home. NBC’ s Hannibal revolves around everyone’ s favourite cannibal. A&E’ s Bates Motel recounts the boyhood of the knife-happy Norman Bates from Psycho. On NBC again, The Black List stars James Spader as a master criminal who’ s assisting the FBI. And such new American series as Power, Gang Related and Crossbones all spotlight characters we wouldn’t like to meet in a dark alley. To paraphrase the Rolling Stones, television expects us to have sympathy for the devil, several times a week.I)”The new emphasis on villains is a response to long-form storytelling,” says Dr Keith M Johnston, a media studies lecturer at the University Of East Anglia. Over the past decade, there’ s been a shift away from story-of-the-week television, in which every episode stands on its own, towards longform television, in which one story can last a whole series or more. And that means you have to create psychologically rich characters. You can’ t just have the villain twirling his moustache and announcing that he wants to blow up the world. There has to be more to it. So there’s been a move within television drama to “psychologise” the villain in more complicated terms.Better the devil you knowJ)This baddie-centric approach has resulted in some of television’s most acclaimed dramas in recent history. The Sopranos peered into the dark psyche of a murderous gangster, for example, and Breaking Bad was built on the idea that its hero would slowly but surely change into its villain. As praised as these series are, though, the question remains: why should viewers want to spend time with such unsavoury characters? Isn ‘t it a bit weird to be cheering on an axe-murdering madman?K)Dr Margrethe Bruun Vaage, a lecturer at the University of Kent, believes that today’ s television is adept at making us do just that. “The long time span of a television series activates some of the same mental mechanisms as friendship,” she says. “In real life, we turn a blind eye to a friend’ s moral flaws because we feel we have a connection to them, and we can develop affection for television characters in the same way when we see them week after week. Rationally, we do not accept what they do, but intuitively we engage with them. Besides, we’re all morally flawed in some sense, so it can be reassuring to see someone onscreen who’ s even more morally flawed than we are!”L)Another factor in this trend is “fan fiction”—that is, unofficial stories set in the universe of a particular film or TV series, and written by its most obsessive fans. “Most fan fiction tends to be about the heroes,” says Johnston, “but there’s a subset that explores the other characters, including the villains. There’ s a huge group of Star Trek fan fiction about the Klingons, for instance”.M)And now the more traditional media are catching up. A lot of the people making new shows grew up with fan fiction, and they’re thinking, “Yes, we can do stuff with the heroes, but let’ s look at the darker, more complex characters as well.”N)It’ s not just fans and boundary-pushing TV dramatists who are drawn to such under-used characters, however—it’ s studio executives, too. “My cynical view is that it’ s all about intellectual property,” says Johnston. “Sony owns the film rights to Spider-Man, and Disney owns the rights to its fairy-tale characters, so they’re very cleverly saying, “The villains have become identifiable, how can we exploit them? How can we create new products with these characters?”O)So these films and TV series are actually just a way for corporations to squeeze even more money from their cash cows? Now that

really is villainous.

1． Many people are now considering about making new shows about some darker, more complex characters rather than the heroes.

正确答案：M

解析：此句意为：许多人现在开始考虑制作一些有关性格阴暗、复杂人物而非英雄人物的电视。根据题干中的darker，more complex characters可以定位到M段中的 “A lot of the people making new shows grew up with fan fiction，and they’rethinking， ‘Yes，we can do stuff with the heroes，but let’s look at the darker，morecomplex characters as well．’”题干是对这两句话的融合，意思不变。 知识模块：长篇阅读

2． Not only fans and boundary-pushing TV dramatists who take interest in those dark characters but also studio executives.

正确答案：N 解析：此句意为：不仅粉丝和一些先锋派的电视编剧对这些黑暗角色感兴趣，电影制片人也很感兴趣。根据题干中的boundary-pushing TV dramatists可以定位到N段中的It’s not just fans and boundary-pushing TV dramatists who are drawn to suchunder-used characters，however--it’s studio executives，too．题干中的dark characters是对文中的under-used characters的同义替换，二者都是指反面角色。 知识模块：长篇阅读

3． Villains in the movies are more interesting and complex as well as many good lines because with a villain you can impose much more different moods and actions than heroes.

正确答案：F

解析：此句意为：在电影里坏蛋更有趣、更复杂而且有很多好的台词，因为相比较英雄式人物，你可以在坏蛋身上安插很多不同的心情和行为。根据题干中的moreinteresting和good lines可以定位到F段中的And in the movies，the Devil usually hasall the best lines，too．“In children’s media，especially，villains have always tended to bemore interesting and more adult”和whereas villains have a far wider range of moodsand actions available to them。题于是把文中的三句话总结成了一句话．基本意思没有改变。 知识模块：长篇阅读

4． Fan fiction also contributes to the trend of villains because some fan fictions explore villains.

正确答案：L 解析：此句意为：粉丝小说也促进了坏蛋的流行因为一些粉丝小说也探讨了坏蛋这一类角色。根据题干中的Fan fiction和the trend可以定位到L段中的

Anotherfactor in this trend is “fan fiction”和but there’s a subset that explores the othercharacters，including the villains。题干中的some fan fictions explore villains与文中的explores the other characters，including the villains是对应点。 知识模块：长篇阅读

5． On the surface Disney’s Maleficent is a risky film but actually the company is following the trend of making villains centred films.

正确答案：B

解析：此句意为：表面上看迪士尼的《沉睡魔咒》是一个很冒险的电影，但是实际上它是顺应了当下坏蛋电影的大趋势。根据题干中的Maleficent可以定位到B段中的From a distance，Maleficent seems like Disney’s most dating film．和Look a bitcloser，though，and it’s clear that the company is actually following a significant trend．In films and television series everywhere，villains are taking centre stage．题干中的arisky film是对most daring film的另一种表达，意思不变。 知识模块：长篇阅读

6． Movies and TV series about villains are most popular on small screens and there are many famous evil characters such as Norman Bates and James Spader.

正确答案：H

解析：此句意为：有关坏蛋的电影和电视在小银幕上最流行．在这儿有许多很出名的邪恶角色，例如诺曼·贝茨和詹姆斯·思派德。根据题干中的small screens和人名可以定位到H段中的But if villains are popular on the big screen．the small screen iswhere they’re really at home…A&E’s Bates Motel recounts the boyhood of theknife—happy Norman Bates…James Spader as a master criminal who’s assisting theFBI．题干是对这几句话的概括，省略了电影名称，基本意思没有变。 知识模块：长篇阅读

7． The popularity of villains is a response to the shift in storytelling that is in order to make the story longer, the villain has to be more complex in psychology.

正确答案：I

解析：此句意为：坏蛋的流行是对说故事方式变化的一种回应。为了使故事更长，必须是坏蛋在心理上更加复杂。根据题干中的shift in storvtelling可以定位到I段中的The new emphasis on villains is a response to long-form storytelling及There has tobe more to it．So there’s been a move within television drama to“psychologise”thevillain in more complicated terms．题于是对这几句话的改写，其中complex inpsychology是“psychologise”the villain in more complicated terms的对应点。 知识模块：长篇阅读

8． The reason that people want to see villains on the screen is owing to the affection we have for them which make us feel less distasteful towards their flaws.

正确答案：K 解析：此句意为：我们为什么想在电视上看坏蛋的原因是由于我们对他们产生了感情，因此，对于他们的缺点就不那么反感了。根据题干中的affection和flaws可以定位到K段中的In real life，we turn a blind eye to a friend’s moral flaws becausewe feel we have a connection to them，and we can develop affection for televisioncharacters in the same way when we see them week after week，题干中只是省略了文中把坏蛋与现实中的朋友进行的对比，而保留了主要观点。 知识模块：长篇阅读

9． There appeared many most acclaimed dramas which are centred around a bad guy, but the question is why people want to see these evil characters?

正确答案：J

解析：此句意为：越来越多关注坏人却备受赞扬的剧本涌现出来，但问题是为什么人们想看这些邪恶的人物呢?根据题干中的acclaimed dramas可以定位到J段中的This baddie-centric approach has resulted in some of television’s most acclaimeddramas in recent history．和why should viewers want to spend time with such unsavourycharacters。题干中的why people want to see these evil characters是对文中spendtime with such unsavoury characters的同义转述。 知识模块：长篇阅读

10． In movies and TV series many villains are become major characters and Nicholas Barber made a study about this new phenomenon.

正确答案：A

解析：此句意为：在电影和电视剧中许多坏蛋开始成为主要人物，关于这一现象尼古拉斯·巴伯做了一项研究。根据题干中的人名Nicholas Barber可以定位到A段中的In films and TV shows，despicable characters are taking centre stage． NicholasBarber investigates why we love to hate villains--and what this says about us．题干中的a study about this new phenomenon是对A段后面一句话的简单概括。 知识模块：长篇阅读

Mind-controlled CarsA)A car in Germany can be steered with thought alone. Rose Eveleth asks its driver and his team about the very difficult skills required to steer mind-controlled vehicles. Henrik Matzke is in the driving seat of a car, poised to make a very unusual move. The car pulls up to a junction. He concentrates for a moment, willing the car to turn. The steering wheel spins, and the car veers to the right, accelerating away. With his hands on his lap, Matzke is driving the car with thought alone, often at speeds up to 50km/h(31mph).B)He’ s part of a team at the Free University of Berlin working on what they call the Brain Driver—a project that’ s hoping to bring research into reading and interpreting brain signals into people’s cars and homes. What is it like to control a one-and-a-half-tonne vehicle with your mind?C)The original premise behind Brain Driver was to build a system mat someone with a physical disability can use to move through the world—as well as cars, the

team has developed the technology for wheelchairs too. Brain Driver would, in theory, allow them to drive by simply thinking “right” and “left” and “forward”.D)But turning that dream into a reality is as hard as it sounds. Adalberto Llarena, a roboticist with the Brain Driver project, says the team has faced two main challenges: the hardware and the humans. On the hardware side, they’re trying to design a commercially practicable piece of equipment that can listen in on the brain’ s whispers and turn them into meaningful signals that power a machine. On the human side, they’ve got to develop something that real people can actually learn to use.E)The Brain Driver consists of a headset with 16 sensors that monitor electrical signals from the brain. Clinical devices usually use 32 sensors, but Llarena and his team are trying to build something that’s as small, cheap as possible. “We think that 16 are probably too many,” he says. “We’re trying to figure out if we can take half of them out.” They’re already working with tiny, micro-volt signals from inside the brain and trying to read and interpret them.F)After reading these signals through the skull, the system has to turn them into instructions for the wheelchair or car. The idea is that the driver thinks one distinct thought to turn right, and another left, while the electrodes pick up the associated activity.G)But those thoughts won’t necessarily be as simple as the words “left” and “right”; it could be something more abstract, like a certain place or a shape. “It was a long process because I didn’t know what to do at all. I was thinking of everything, the beach, red cubes, red circles.” Eventually he figured out that if he pictured a red cube in his mind, and then imagined that cube moving forward in his skull he could make the machine move forward. If he thought about that cube moving left, he could go left.H)”In my case it was quite easy,” says Matzke, which prompts the rest of the team to laugh. “The other guys are laughing because it’ s not working for them,” he explains. And that’s the human challenge in making something like this work—training your brain to produce signals that the machine can interpret is really hard. Even Matzke, who was the natural in the group, said it took months to get confident enough to actually use a car or wheelchair. “I got confident to about 70%,” he says “but you can’t get into a car and say, ‘I’m 70% confident’.” After months of training, he was able to control a car through a course on a former airport—where there would be no risk of collision should a stray thought pop into his head(the car is not approved for public roads when under mind-control).I)He’s not worried about the experience. “It’s not so weird,” he says, “because we’ ve already developed self-driving cars. If you’ re sitting in a car that’ s already driving itself, it’ s not that weird to drive it with your brain,” he says.J)But there are limitations. Right now, the instructions are binary—there’ s no way to make a slight left, or a slight right. Nor is there a way to control the speed moving forward. You also need to maintain total focus and relaxation while driving.K)Such difficulties have already frustrated owners of thought-controlled prosthetic arms(假肢). Training to use these requires months of work—a process many patients find tiresome. Some patients abandon the arm, saying it’ s just too hard to use.L)Llarena wants to avoid the same thing happening with brain driving, so they’re working on simplifying the system. It’ll rely less on turn-by-turn instructions from the brain, and more on allowing the brain to select locations and letting the chair or car do the rest. So, rather than steering the wheelchair around each

individual turn, the user could simply think the signal for “kitchen” and the chair would take them there.M)In the future, implanting electrodes in the brain could allow much finer control, says Omar Mendoza, an expert in brain signal processing who works with Llarena. “You can get really good results in those cases,” he says—although even severely disabled people might be reluctant to have brain surgery to restore their mobility.N)Llarena and his team aren’ t the only ones trying to develop cars and wheelchairs for people who can’t physically power them. A few years ago, Toyota worked on a brain-controlled wheelchair that users could start, stop and turn with their minds. And one team recently got a race car driver behind the wheel again. Rather than using brain signals, he controlled the car by tilting his head and gnashing his teeth.O)So far, nobody is ready to release brain-powered cars onto the roads or wheelchairs into the home. Before that can happen, they need an easier system to use and more robust methods that can jump in when a driver gets distracted or confused. “On one side we have the programs, and on the other side we have the people who need to use these tools,” Llarena say. “But in the middle we have the problem.” That is the gap that future designs will need to bridge, certainly before you see a thought-controlled car overtaking you on the road. For now Matzke is one of the few people in the world who has hit the road with his mind alone.

11． There are some other terms besides Llarena and his team that attempted to make cars and wheelchair which can be controlled without physical power.

正确答案：N 解析：此句意为：除了拉雷纳和他的小组外还有其它一些小组试图研发可以不用物理力推动的汽车和轮椅。根据题干中的without physical power可以定位到N段中的Llarena and his team aren’t the only ones trying to develop cars and wheelchairsfor people who can’t physically power them．题干中的There are some other termsbesides Llarena and his team是Llarena and his team aren’t the only ones的另一种说法。 知识模块：长篇阅读

12． The original idea of Brain Driver is to invent a system for disabled people to use their minds to drive.

正确答案：C

解析：此句意为：“大脑驾驶员”一开始的想法是发明一套系统，好让那些残疾人可以用头脑来驾驶。根据题干中的original idea of Brain Driver可以定位到C段中的The original premise behind Brain Driver was to build a system that someone with aphysical disability can use to move through the world和Brain Driver would，in theory，allow them to drive by simply thinking“right”and“left”and“forward”．其中disabledpeople是someone with a physical disability的同义转述。 知识模块：长篇阅读

13． Matzke is a member of a team at the Free University of Berlin and this team

is working on a project entitled Brain Driver.

正确答案：B

解析：此句意为：玛茨科是柏林自由大学里一个小组的成员，这个小组正在进行一个叫做“大脑驾驶员”的项目。根据题干中的Free University ofBerlin可以定位到B段中的He’s part of a team at the Free University ofBerlin working on what they callthe Brain Driver。题干中Matzke iS a member of a team是对文中He’s part of a team的转述，二者意思相同。 知识模块：长篇阅读

14． To produce signals that the machine can interpret is very hard and it even takes Llarena several months to learn to control a car through his mind.

正确答案：H

解析：此句意为：用头脑来控制一辆车是非常难的，就连拉雷纳也花了好几个月才学会让大脑产生机器可以识别的信号。根据题干中的produce signals that themachine can interpret可以定位到H段中的training your brain to produce signals thatthe machine can interpret is really hard和After months of training，he was able tocontrol a car through a course on a former airport。题干中的To produce signals that themachine can interpret is very hard是前一句的对应点。 知识模块：长篇阅读

15． However, there are many defects in this technology, for instance there is no control on the speed and the driver must keep total focus.

正确答案：J

解析：此句意为：然而，这项技术还有很多缺陷，例如，你无法控制车速，而且驾驶员必须保持高度集中。根据题干中的no control on the speed和total focus可以定位到J段中的But there are limitations． Right now，the instructions are binary--there’s noway to make a slight left，or a slight right．Nor is there a way to control the speed movingforward．You also need to maintain total focus and relaxation while driving．题干中的defects和文中的limitations实际上是一个意思。 知识模块：长篇阅读

16． Llarena does not feel the experience queer because he thinks it’s same about self-driving cars.

正确答案：I

解析：此句意为：拉雷纳不觉得这种经历很怪，因为他觉得这和无人驾驶汽车差不多。根据题干中的self-driving cars可以定位到I段中的He’s not worried aboutthe experience． “It’s not so weird，”he says， “because we’ve already developed self-driving cars．题干中的Llarena does not feel the experience queer是文中He’s not worded about the experience．“It’s not so weird”的对应点。 知识模块：长篇阅读

17． According to Omar Mendoza, in the future people can improve the

technology by inserting electrodes in people’ s brain.

正确答案：M

解析：此句意为：据欧玛·麦多萨所言，在未来可以通过在人脑中安插电极来改善这项技术。根据题干中的electrodes可以定位到M段中的In the future，implanting electrodes in the brain could allow much finer control，says Omar Mendoza，an expert in brain signal processing who works with Llarena．题干中的insert electrodes in people’s brain与文中的implanting electrodes in the brain形成对应点。 知识模块：长篇阅读

18． First the brain produces a signal and then the system will turn the signal into instructions for the machine.

正确答案：F

解析：此句意为：首先，大脑产生信号，然后这个系统会把这个信号变成对机器的指示。根据题干中的turn the signal into instructions可以定位到F段中的After reading these signals through the skull，the system has to turn them into instructions for the wheelchair or car．题干只是对文本的一种逻辑顺序更为清晰的表述方式。 知识模块：长篇阅读

19． Llarena and his team are facing two big difficulties which include the hardware and the humans.

正确答案：D

解析：此句意为：拉雷纳和他的小组面临着两大难题，这包括硬件和人两方面。根据题干中的the hardware and the humans可以定位到D段中的Adalberto Llarena，a roboticist with the Brain Driver project，says the team has faced two main challenges：the hardware and the humans．题干中的two big difficulties是文中two main challenges的同义转述。 知识模块：长篇阅读

20． This team is trying to make its system simple through allowing the brain to pick up locations and letting the machine do the rest part.

正确答案：L

解析：此句意为：这个小组正在试着通过让大脑选择地点，把剩下的部分交给机器来完成这一方法来简化系统。题干中的do the rest可以定位到L段中的they’re working on simplifying the system．It’ll rely less on turn-by-turn instructions from the brain，and more on allowing the brain to select locations and letting the chair or car do the rest。题干中的make its system simple实际上只是改变了词性，意思没有变。 知识模块：长篇阅读

How to Cure Jet LagA)Jet lag is exhausting, disorientating, and can even make you lose your appetite.B)According to Air & Space magazine the term “jet lag” may have been first coined in February 1966. “If you’re going to be a member of the Jet

Set and fly off to Katmandu for coffee with King Mahendra,” wrote Horace Sutton in the Los Angeles Times, “you can count on contracting Jet Lag, a debility like a hangover. Jet Lag derives from the simple fact that jets travel so fast they leave your body rhythms behind.”C)It’s only in the last few decades that humans have been able to jump time zones, and we’ ve yet to find a way to adapt. But what actually happens to our bodies when we leap across time zones and how is research helping us understand how to ease the effects?D)Jet lag is the result of a disruption in our body’ s internal clocks. Our biological clocks drive our circadian rhythms(生理节奏), which anticipate dawn and dusk, and controls everything from blood pressure to how hungry we are. The system is a “master clock” in our brain that is sensitive to our exposure to light coordinates all the body clocks within our organs and tissues.E)It takes most people a few days to fully adjust, depending on not only how many time zones have been crossed, but also the direction of travel. Adjusting to eastward travel is harder because of the way our internal body clock functions. As this clock follows a period of just over 24 hours, our bodies compensate every day by contracting this to keep up with the regular 24-hour sun cycle. When you travel west, you gain several hours, and so your body has extra time to make this adjustment. Travel east, though, and your day is shortened, which makes the adjustment more difficult.Shift workF)So how possible is it to fool our biological clocks? “There is no silver bullet—so far—to treat jet lag,” says Horacio de la Iglesia, professor of biology at the University of Washington. “Typically, the best way involves a combination of strategies that include restricting light exposure to specific times, restricting rest and meals, as well as activities such as walking and running to specific times.” Simon Archer from Surrey University agrees, at least in principle. “A combined approach can be helpful, but in practice it may be difficult to get all the timings right—it may be very difficult not to be exposed to light at an inappropriate time.”G)All these strategies are aimed at speeding up the adjustment of our multiple clocks to the new time zone. Work over the past 15 years has led to an amazing increase in our understanding of the circadian clock, light input and jet lag, says Stuart Peirson of the Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology at Oxford University.H)Together with his team, he has been studying how light changes the expression of clock genes in the SCN. Increased expression of certain clock genes effectively moves the molecular “hands” of the clock to the correct time, says Peirson—but there seems to be a limit on how much the clock can be shifted: it’ s just one hour per day. “Our work in this area has identified a natural brake—a protein called SIK1—that is activated by light and actively prevents the clock shifting. Normally it would take five or six days to adjust to a six-hour shift in time zone. “When this[SIK1]mechanism is blocked, it enables mice to shift their clocks much more quickly—shifting six hours in two-to-three days,” says Peirson.Be preparedI)Some scientists are looking at how we can avoid jet lag by preparing for it in advance. “We believe it is important for many people to start the process of shifting your internal rhythms before the flight, so that you arrive with little or no jet lag,” says Charmane Eastman at Rush University in Chicago, Illinois. “Most recommendations and computer-based programs only make recommendations for what to do after landing in the new time zone.”J)Together with colleagues, Eastman

has been investigating how people could reset their body clocks before flying.Speed shiftK)There might also be ways to adjust the body clock without drugs. Another group of scientists has designed an app called Entrain that uses mathematical modelling to determine how our body can shift from one time zone to another in the quickest way possible. If users type in the timezone they are travelling to, the app calculates a schedule that tells the user when they should expose themselves to light.L)The researchers say it’s probably easiest for travellers to divide their day into two parts, one where they seek as much light as possible and another where they should try to be in darkness—essentially corresponding to dawn and dusk. The software “should allow an individual to get over jet lag in less than half the time than if one use other well-known recommendations,” says Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan, a co-author of the study.M)The schedules themselves haven’t been tested in controlled environments; the data people submit will be used to test the efficacy of the recommendations in the real world—and the team says they have data from over 5,000 people so far. “Hopefully our schedules can be integrated into more devices so that they become easier to follow,” says lead developer of Entrain, mathematician Olivia Walch at the University of Michigan. “Maybe hotels could offer 10,000 lux lights so that people can get bright daylight when they need it to push their clocks in the right direction.”N)You can start to fill in the new time zone by altering their habits of rest and and meals gradually. For example, you may sleep earlier and ensure the room where you sleep is totally dark and quiet. You can also eat a bit earlier or late and eat some snacks just to make your body adjust to the new rhythm.O)Though by far there is no solution to solve this problem completely, scientists said we can still adjust our bodies with those means mentioned above which can greatly lighten the unpleasant feeling caused by jet lag.

21． Even though we can not solve jet lag completely, with those methods mentioned above, we can make our bodies adjust better and feel less painful.

正确答案：O

解析：此句意为：尽管我们还不能完全解决时差反应，但是提到的这些方法可以使我们的身体更好地适应，感觉不那么难受。根据题干中的solve jet lag completely可以定位到O段。题干中的make our bodies adjust是对原文adjust our bodies的同义转述，而且methods和文中的means是一个意思。 知识模块：长篇阅读

22． The term “jet lag” was first used by Horace Sutton in the Los Angeles Times in February 1966.

正确答案：B 解析：此句意为：“时差反应”这个词最先是贺拉斯·苏盾于1966年2月在《洛杉矶时报》上提出来的。根据题干中的Los Angeles Times可以定位到B段中的According to Air＆Space magazine the term“jet lag”may have been first coined

inFebruary 1966．“If you’re going to be a member of the Jet Set and fly off to Katmandufor coffee with King Mahendra，”wrote Horace Sutton in the Los Angeles Times。题干是提取了原文中的关键时间、人物和出处。 知识模块：长篇阅读

23． Some scientists suggest that we can prepare for the jet lag in advance, so that when we arrived there will be little or no jet lag to adjust to.

正确答案：I

解析：此句意为：一些科学家建议我们可以提前为时差反应做准备，这样等我们到达目的地时就只剩下很少，几乎没有什么时差要倒了。根据题干中的prepare forthe jet lag in advance可以定位到I段中的Some scientists are looking at how we can avoid jet lag by preparing for it in advance．“We believe it is important for many peopleto start the process of shifting your internal rhythms before the flight，so that you arrivewith little or no jet lag”题干中的there will be little or no jet lag to adjust to是文中youarrive with little or no jet lag的对应点。 知识模块：长篇阅读

24． By far there is no way to completely solve this problem and the best way is to combine all those strategies, including restricting light exposure, rest and meal.

正确答案：F

解析：此句意为：目前还没有可以完全解决这个问题的方法，所以最好的方法就是综合运用这些策略，包括控制光照、饮食和休息时间。根据题干中的restrictinglight exposure可以定位到F段中的There is no silver bullet—so far—to treat jet lag…Typically，the best way involves a combination of strategies that include restricting lightexposure to specific times，restricting rest and meals…题干是把这两句话融合到一起了。而combine all those strategies与文中combination of strategies相比只是转换了词性。 知识模块：长篇阅读

25． In order to adjust to the new time zone one can change their sleeping and eating time gradually.

正确答案：N

解析：此句意为：为了能适应新的时区，人们可以逐步地改变睡眠和吃饭的时间。根据题干中的adjust to the new time zone可以定位到N段中的You can start tofill in the new time zone by altering their habits of rest and and meals gradually．For example，you may sleep earlier and ensure the room where you sleep is totally dark and quiet. You can also eat a bit earlier or late…题干中的change their sleeping and eatingtime是对文中altering their habits of rest and and meals的转述。 知识模块：长篇阅读

26． Not only how many time zones one has crossed but also the way one has crossed them influence how long people needed to become totally adjust to the new time zone.

正确答案：E 解析：此句意为：要多久才能适应新的时区不仅仅取决于人们跨了多少个时区．还取决于人们跨时区的方式。根据题干中的how many time zones one has crossed可以定位到E段中的It takes most people a few days to fully adjust．depending on not only how many time zones have been crossed，but also the direction of travel．题干中的the way one has crossed them是文中the direction of travel的另一种表述。 知识模块：长篇阅读

27． Jet lag is caused by the disorder in our body’s internal clocks which control our circadian rhythms.

正确答案：D

解析：此句意为：时差反应是由于我们体内的内在时钟被打乱了而导致的，这些时钟控制着我们的生理节奏。根据题干中的circadian rhythms可以定位到D段中的Jet lag is the result of a disruption in our body’s internal clocks．Our biological clocks drive our circadian rhythms，which anticipate dawn and dusk，and controls everythingfrom blood pressure to how hungry we are．题干中的disorder in our body’s internalclocks是对文中disruption in our body’s internal clocks的简单转述。 知识模块：长篇阅读

28． Through his study about how light influences the clock genes, Peirson found that we can not change the clock completely.

正确答案：H

解析：此句意为：通过他对于光线对时钟基因的影响的研究，皮尔森发现无法完全改变时钟。根据题干中的clock genes可以定位到H段中的he has been studyinghow light changes the expression of clock genes in the SCN．．．says Peirson--but thereseems to be a limit on how much the clock can be shifted…题干中的change the clockcompletely是文中there seems to be a limit on how much the clock can be shifted的另一种表述方式。 知识模块：长篇阅读

29． Some scientists have invented a software which can create a schedule which tells us the specific things when we should be exposed to light.

正确答案：K

解析：此句意为：一些科学家开发了一种软件，它可以制作出一个时间表告诉我们什么时间接触阳光。根据题干中的schedule可以定位到K段中的Another groupof scientists has designed an app called Entrain that uses mathematical modelling…calculates a schedule that tells the user when they should expose themselves to light．题干中的the specific things when we should be exposed to light是对文中when theyshould expose themselves to light的转述。 知识模块：长篇阅读

30． The schedules provided by Entrain have not been tested in laboratory, but

there are some data from the real world which can be used to test it.

正确答案：M

解析：此句意为：Entrain提供的这些时间表还没能在实验室里得到检验，但是真实世界的数据可以用来检测它。根据题干中的data和the real world可以定位到M段中的The schedules themselves haven’t been tested in controlled environments；thedata people submit will be used to test the efficacy of the recommendations in the realworld…题干中的tested in laboratory实际上就是文中tested in controlled environments所暗含的意思。 知识模块：长篇阅读