英语数词讲解及练习

初二上 第二单元数词用法讲解与练习

英语中的数词包括基数词和序数词两大类，它们的用法非常复杂，为了便于同学们系统地复习数词，现就初中阶段数词的主要内容作以下归纳。 基数词 序数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve

一、基本构成 (一)基数词——从1数到n

1. 1—12的基数词是的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。

2. 13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。

3. 20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20—twenty， 30—thirty， 40—forty ，50—fifty ，80—eighty。

4. 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。

5. 百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and，如：148—one hundred and forty-eight ，406—four hundred and six。

6. hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million(百万)，billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600—six hundred，8百万—eight million。 但是与“of”，和不确定的数，如some等连用时要加“s”。

7. 1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千(thousand)，第二个逗号前为百万(million)，第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万，“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如：2，510＝two thousand five hundred and

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基数词 thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two 序数词 thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first 基数词 thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety One hundred 序数词 thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth One hundredth One hundred and thirty-fifth thousandth millionth first second third fourth fifth sixth eighth ninth tenth seventh nineteen One hundred and one One hundred and first thirty-five twenty-second One hundred and thousand eleventh twenty-three twenty-third twelfth twenty-four twenty-fourth million 个性化1对1辅导专家

ten；84，296＝eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350＝two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。

8. hundred，thousand，million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of＋复数名词”，如：数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people；数以千计的书thousands of books。注意：hundreds of ／thousands of／millions of ＋复数名词，其前面不能加具体的数词，但可加several或 many。 Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.

Thousands upon thousands of people in south africa are rising against their oppressors. Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day. Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory. (二)序数词——由基数词转变而来，表示“这是第n个”

1.口诀巧记基数词变序数词：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别：first，second，third，eight—eighth nine—ninth，five—fifth，twelve—twelfth，twenty—twentieth，forty—fortieth，twenty-five—twenty-fifth。

2其余情况均在基数词后加th。如： six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。 3.序数词有时用缩写形式： first----1st, twenty—second-------22th. 二、基本用法

(一)基数词的基本用法 1.定语

fifty thousand London Dockers are out on strike. 2.主语

数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 如： two months is quite a long time. five is an odd number. 3.宾语或介词宾语

how many do you want? -----eight, please. 6. 基数词＋单数名词＋形容词构成合成形容词。 如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge； 女子400米接力girls' 400-metre relay race。

7. 句型：主语＋is ＋about(大约)／ over ＝more than(超过)／nearly(接近)＋具体数词＋metre(s)／kilometer(s)／kilo(s)long ／ high ／tall ／deep ／away等。如：长江长6300公里。

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the city has a population of four million. 4.表语

we are altogether fourteen. five plus seven is twelve. 5.同位语

What work are you to assign us three? Is there room for us two?

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the changjiang river is 6，300 kilometers long.

8.表示“in+one’s +数词的复数形式”可以用来表示人的岁数：in one’s twenties, 在某人二十多岁，in one’s sixties 在某人六十多岁时等。

①he is in his early thirties. ② he died still in his forties.

“in+数词的复数形式” 表示年代，如：this took place in the 1930s. (二)序数词的基本用法

1.序数词主要用作定语，前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词)： 1）tom is their second son.

2）they celebrated the 10th anniversary of the founding of the republic. 3）I will never give up, not even on the 1,000th or 10,000th try.

2.有时前面可以加一个不定冠词a,an来表示“再一”， “又一”这样的意思： 1) We’ll have to do it a second time. 2) Shall i ask him a third time?

3)When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.

3. first,second 等有时可用来表示“第一个人(批)”“第二个人”等： 1) She was among the first to come and settle in Guangzhou 2)You will be the second to speak.

4.如果数字较长，序数词总避免使用，而且读的方法也常常简化：

第201房间： room 201 第319面： page 319

第一拖拉机厂：the number 1 tractor works

电话号码55――2347：telephone number : 55—2347 5. 在谈编了号的东西时，我们可以用基数词表示顺序： the first part------part one the third squad------squad three

the twenty-third section----section twenty-three 三、特殊数字的表示法 (一)年 月 日表示法 1. 年代 年代前用 in.

( in ) 7 读作 ( in ) eight hundred and ninety-seven

( in ) 1961 读作 ( in ) nineteen sixty-one (或 in nineteen hundred and sixty-one) ( in ) 1905 读作(in ) nineteen and five ( in ) 1800 读作( in ) eighteen hundred

2. 月份 月份开头第一个字母须大写，表示“在某月”时， 月份前面用 in。下面月份后附有缩写式。

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第六号车厢：carriage no.6 南京路1490号：1490 Nanjing road

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January——Jan．一月 February——Feb．二月 March——Mar. 三月 April——Apr．四月 August——Aug．八月 September——Sept．九月 October——Oct．十月 November——Nov．十一月 December——Dec．十二月 3. 日期 用序数词(前需要加the)表示； “ 在某日”， 前面用介词on.

( on ) the first ( on ) the eighteenth ( on ) the thirty-second

星期一 Monday Mon. 星期二 Tuesday Tue. 星期三 Wednesday Wed.

星期四 Thursday Thu. 星期五 Friday Fri. 星期六 Saturday Sat. 星期日 Sunday Sun. 4. 某年 某月 某日

in sep. 19 on may 17, 1960 on oct. 1, 1949(读作on october the first, nineteen forty-nine) 注：当年月日完全用数字表示时， 美国人把月放在日前。 8,6,79在英国表示June the eighth (79年6月8日)， 但是在美国却表示august the sixth (79年8月6日)。 (二)时刻表示法

1.英语通常用at所引导的表示时刻。如： ( at ) six or six o’clock ( at ) eight or eight o’clock 2.如说几点几分，用下面的方法

a)表示几点过几分，用介词， 但分数须在半小时以内包括半小时。如：

7:11 eleven past seven 8:15 a quarter past eight 9:30 half past nine b)表示几点差几分，用介词to， 但分数需要在半小时以上不包括半小时。 如：

6:58 two to seven 7:45 a quarter to eight 8:42 eighteen to nine 注:上午可以用am表示,下午用pm表示，例如： 9.50am 11.05pm (三)分数词表示法

1.分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母，除了分子是“1”的情况外，序数词都是用复数，(分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”)如： 1/4 one-fourth 2/3 two-thirds 7/9 seven-ninths 5/12 five-twelfths 2.另外还有下面一些表示法：

1/2 (one) a half 1/4 a (one ) quarter 3/4 three-quarters (四)小数的表示法

7.8 ------seven point eight 0.4---------zero point four

0.125----- zero point one two five 603.09---six hundred and three point oh nine 小数作定语时较多：

Its total industrial output value was up 5.6 times in these years. our grain output is now 2.4 times that of 1970. (五)百分数的表示法

百分数由percent（per） 表示，常常和by连用，作状语也可单独作状语：

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Its total output value increased by 11.5 percent over the previous year. The output of cars in the u. s. last year was 24 percent less than in 1973. 有时用作定语 宾语等：

the loss of metal has been reduced to less than 20%.

the march figure for output value registered a 37% increase over February. (六)倍数的表示法：

一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词＋times。如：5倍 five times。 (七)一些数学公式的读法：

3+8=11 three plus eight is eleven. 9-7=2 nine minus seven is two. a>b a is more than b. (八)约数的表示法

⑴ “多于”用more than 或over

this room can hold more than (=over) 500 people.这间屋子能容纳500多人。 ⑵ “少于”用less than

there are less than thirty balls in the basket.篮子里不到三十个球。 ⑶ “或……以上”用or more

the music hall can hold 7000 people or more.音乐厅能容纳7000人或7000人以上。 ⑷ “或……以下”用or less

the house can hold 50 people or less. 这座房子可容纳50人或50人以下。 ⑸ “大约”用about, around, nearly等

the box weights about 50 pounds.这个箱子重约50磅。 练习题：

( )1. Tuesday is the _______ day of a week in English. A. first B. fifth C. third D. fourth ( )2. There are _______ seasons in a year in our country. A. two B. four C. second D. fourth

( )3. The game of _______ Olympics will be held in Beijing in 2008. A. 29 B. the 29th C. the 29 D. 29th

( )4. _______ of the surface(表面) of the earth is covered with water. A. First third B. Two thirds C. One three D. Two three

( )5. There are _______ people in my family. We live on the _______ floor in a tall building. A. five, six B. fifth, sixth C. fifth, six D. five, sixth ( )6. Boys and girls, we are going to learn _______ today.

A. Four Lesson B. the fourth lesson C. the Lesson Four D. the Four Lesson

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( )7. My lovely daughter is _______.

A. eight years old B. eight-year-old C. eight year old D. eight-years-old ( )8. The flood happened _______.

A. in the summer of 1998 B. in the summer of 1998s C. in 1998 of the summer D. in 1998s of the summer ( )9. February 28 should be read as _______. A. February of the 28th B. February of 28 C. 28 of February D. the 28th of February

( )10. --- How soon will you finish your work? --- In about _______. A. one and a half month B. one month and a half C. one and half a month D. a month and half

( )11. We will have a _______ holiday. What about going to Suzhou? A. five days B. five day C. five-day D. five-days ( )12. We are sure the _______ century will bring us more hopes.

A. twentieth-first B. twentieth-one C. twenty-one D. twenty-first ( )13. --- What is 1/2 and 1/3? --- It’s _______. A. 2/5 B. 1/5 C. 5/6 D. 4/6 ( )14. At the age of _______, he had his own lab.

A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth D. the thirty ( )15. Five times five is _______.

A. five B. zero C. ten D. twenty-five ( )16. _______ are in the army.

A. Two their sons B. Their two sons C. Their sons two D. Two sons their ( )17. My sister is a student of _______.

A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First ( )18. The boy can count from one to _______.

A. hundred B. a hundred C. one hundreds D. hundreds ( )19. Their house is about _______ as big as ours.

A. times three B. three time C. time three D. three times ( )20. --- Would you like some fruit, madam? --- Oh, yes. _______, please. A. 5 kilo bananas B. 5 kilos of bananas C. 5 kilo of bananas D. 5 kilos of banana ( )21. This building is for a _______.

A. family of three B. three people C. three peoples family D. three people’s family 答案：1-5CBBBD 6-10BAADB 11-15CDCAD 16-20BBBDB 21A

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